Dias, M. P. et al. Threats to seabirds: A global assessment. Biol. Cons. 237, 525–537 (2019).
Google Scholar
Crain, C. M., Kroeker, K. & Halpern, B. S. Interactive and cumulative effects of multiple human stressors in marine systems. Ecol. Lett. 11, 1304–1315 (2008).
Google Scholar
Michael, P. E. et al. Illegal fishing bycatch overshadows climate as a driver of albatross population decline. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 579, 185–199 (2017).
Google Scholar
Melo-Merino, S. M., Reyes-Bonilla, H. & Lira-Noriega, A. Ecological niche models and species distribution models in marine environments: A literature review and spatial analysis of evidence. Ecol. Model. 415, 108837 (2020).
Google Scholar
Rayner, M. J. et al. Predictive habitat modelling for the population census of a burrowing seabird: A study of the endangered Cook’s petrel. Biol. Cons. 138, 235–247 (2007).
Google Scholar
Habeeb, R. L., Trebilco, J., Wotherspoon, S. & Johnson, C. R. Determining natural scales of ecological systems. Ecol. Monogr. 75, 467–487 (2005).
Google Scholar
Li, G. D., Sun, S. A. & Fang, C. L. The varying driving forces of urban expansion in China: Insights from a spatial-temporal analysis. Landscape Urban Plan. 174, 63–77 (2018).
Google Scholar
Ranjeva, S. L. et al. Untangling the dynamics of persistence and colonization in microbial communities. ISME J. 13, 2998–3010 (2019).
Google Scholar
Thurman, L. L., Barner, A. K., Garcia, T. S. & Chestnut, T. Testing the link between species interactions and species co-occurrence in a trophic network. Ecography 42, 1658–1670 (2019).
Google Scholar
Murcia, C. Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 58–62 (1995).
Google Scholar
Jonzen, N., Wilcox, C. & Possingham, H. P. Habitat selection and population regulation in temporally fluctuating environments. Am. Nat. 164, 103–114 (2004).
Google Scholar
Coulson, J. C. Difference in the quality of birds nesting in the centre and on the edges of a colony. Nature 217, 478–479 (1968).
Google Scholar
Reid, T., Hindell, M., Lavers, J. L. & Wilcox, C. Re-examining mortality sources and population trends in a declining seabird: using Bayesian methods to incorporate existing information and new data. PLoS ONE 8(4), e58230 (2013).
Google Scholar
Lavers, J. L., Hutton, I. & Bond, A. L. Changes in technology and imperfect detection of nest contents impedes reliable estimates of population trends in burrowing seabirds. Global Ecol. Conserv. 17, e00579 (2019).
Google Scholar
Priddel, D., Carlile, N., Fullagar, P., Hutton, I. & O’Neill, L. Decline in the distribution and abundance of flesh-footed shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) on Lord Howe Island, Australia. Biol. Cons. 128, 412–424 (2006).
Google Scholar
Baker, G. B. & Wise, G. S. The impact of pelagic longline fishing on the flesh-footed shearwater Puffinus carneipes in Eastern Australia. Biol. Cons. 126, 306–136 (2005).
Google Scholar
Tuck, G. N. & Wilcox, C. Assessing the potential impacts of fishing on the Lord Howe Island population of flesh-footed shearwaters 86 (Australian Fisheries Management Authority and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, 2010).
Carlile, N., Priddel, D., Reid, T. & Fullager, P. Flesh-footed shearwater decline on Lord Howe Island: rebuttal to Lavers et al 2019. Global Ecol. Conserv. 20, 1–3 (2019).
Lavers, J. L. Population status and threats to flesh-footed shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) in Western and South Australia. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72, 316–327 (2014).
Google Scholar
Carey, M. J. The effects of investigator disturbance on procellariiform seabirds: a review. N. Z. J. Zool. 36, 367–377 (2009).
Google Scholar
Carey, M. J. Investigator disturbance reduces reproductive success in Short-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris. Ibis 153, 363–372 (2011).
Google Scholar
Orr, J. A. et al. Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 287, 20200421. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0421 (2020).
Google Scholar
Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C. R. & Matthael, C. D. Reconceptualizing synergism and antagonism among multiple stressors. Ecol. Evol. 5(7), 1538–1547 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ormerod, S. J., Dobson, M., Hildrew, A. G. & Townsend, C. R. Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems. Freshw. Biol. 55(Suppl. 1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02395.x (2010).
Google Scholar
Powell, C. D. L. Foraging movements and the migration trajectory of Flesh-footed Shearwaters Puffinus carneipes from the south coast of Western Australia. Mar. Ornithol. 37, 115–120 (2009).
Rexer-Huber, K., Parker, G. C., Ryan, P. G. & Cuthbert, R. J. Burrow occupancy and population size in the Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta: a comparison of methods. Mar. Ornithol. 42, 137–141 (2014).
Rebstock, G. A., Boersma, P. D. & Garcia-Barbaroglu, P. Changes in habitat use and nesting density in a declining seabird Colony. Popul. Ecol. 58, 105–119 (2016).
Google Scholar
Ponchon, A. et al. When things go wrong: intra-season dynamics of breeding failure in a seabird. Ecosphere 5(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00233.1 (2014).
Google Scholar
Jackson, A. L., Bearhop, S. & Thompson, D. R. Shape can influence the rate of colony fragmentation in ground nesting seabirds. Oikos 111, 473–478 (2005).
Google Scholar
Martinez-Abrain, A. Why do ecologists aim to get positive results? Once again, negative results are necessary for better knowledge accumulation. Anim. Biodivers. Conserv. 36, 33–36 (2013).
Google Scholar
Gales, R., Brothers, N. & Reid, T. Seabird mortality in the Japanese longline tuna fishery around Australia, 1988–1995. Biol. Cons. 86, 37–56 (1997).
Google Scholar
Trebilco, R. et al. Characterizing seabird bycatch in the eastern Australian tuna and billfish pelagic longline fishery in relation to temporal, spatial and biological influences. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshwat. Ecosyst. 20, 531–542 (2010).
Google Scholar
Chan, K. M. A. Value and advocacy in conservation biology: crisis discipline or discipline in crisis. Conserv. Biol. 22, 1–3 (2008).
Google Scholar
Hindwood, K. A. The birds of Lord Howe Island. Emu 40, 1–86 (1940).
Google Scholar
McDougall, I., Embleton, B. J. J. & Stone, D. B. Origin and evolution of Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific Ocean. J. Geol. Soc. Aust. 28, 155–176 (1981).
Google Scholar
Pickard, J. Vegetation of Lord Howe Island. Cunninghamia 1, 133–265 (1983).
Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (eds) Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Ratites to Ducks Vol. 1 (Oxford University Press, 1990).
Serventy, D. L. & Whittell, H. M. A Handbook of the Birds of Western Australia 2nd edn. (Paterson Brokensha Pty., Ltd, 1951).
Powell, C. D. L., Wooller, R. D. & Bradley, J. S. Breeding biology of the flesh-footed shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) on Woody Island, Western Australia. Emu 107, 275–283 (2007).
Google Scholar
Reid, T. A. et al. Nonbreeding distribution of flesh-footed shearwaters and the potential for overlap with north Pacific fisheries. Biol. Cons. 166, 3–10 (2013).
Google Scholar
Lombal, A. J. et al. Genetic divergence between colonies of flesh-footed shearwaters Ardenna carneipes exhibiting different foraging strategies. Conserv. Genet. 9, 27–41 (2018).
Google Scholar
Carlile, N. & Priddel, D. Seabird islands No. 261: Mutton Bird Island, Lord Howe Group, New South Wales. Corella 37(4), 94–96 (2013).
Carlile, N., Priddel, D. & Bower, H. Seabird islands No. 256: Roach Island, Lord Howe Group, New South Wales. Corella 37(4), 82–85 (2013).
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/. (2015)
Wood, S. N. Generalised Additive Models: An Introduction with R (Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2006).
Burnham, K. R. & Anderson, D. R. Model Selection and Multimodal Inference: A Practical Information Theoretic Approach (Springer, 2002).
Barton, K. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1.15.1. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn (2015).
Pebesma, E. J. & Bivand, R. S. Classes and methods for spatial data in R. R News 5 (2), https://cran.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/.(2005).
Bivand, R. S., Pebesma, E. & Gomez-Rubio, V. Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R 2nd edn. (Springer, 2013).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
