Bardgett RD, Van Der Putten WH. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature. 2014;515:505–11.
Fierer N. Embracing the unknown: disentangling the complexities of the soil microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017;15:579–90.
De Vries FT, Shade A. Controls on soil microbial community stability under climate change. Front Microbiol. 2013;4:1–16.
Allison SD, Martiny JBH. Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008;105:11512–9.
Leifeld J, Zimmermann M, Fuhrer J, Conen F. Storage and turnover of carbon in grassland soils along an elevation gradient in the Swiss Alps. Glob Chang Biol. 2009;15:668–79.
Schirpke U, Leitinger G, Tasser E, Schermer M, Steinbacher M, Tappeiner U. Multiple ecosystem services of a changing Alpine landscape: past, present and future. Int J Biodivers Sci Ecosyst Serv Manag. 2013;9:123–35.
Beniston M. Is snow in the Alps receding or disappearing? Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Chang. 2012;3:349–58.
Beniston M, Keller F, Koffi B, Goyette S. Estimates of snow accumulation and volume in the Swiss Alps under changing climatic conditions. Theor Appl Climatol. 2003;76:125–40.
Monson RK, Burns SP, Williams MW, Delany AC, Weintraub M, Lipson DA. The contribution of beneath-snow soil respiration to total ecosystem respiration in a high-elevation, subalpine forest. Glob Biogeochem Cycles. 2006;20:1–13.
Zhang Y, Wang S, Barr AG, Black TA. Impact of snow cover on soil temperature and its simulation in a boreal aspen forest. Cold Reg Sci Technol. 2008;52:355–70.
Campbell JL, Ollinger SV, Flerchinger GN, Wicklein H, Hayhoe K, Bailey AS. Past and projected future changes in snowpack and soil frost at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrol Process. 2010;24:2465–80.
Pederson GT, Gray ST, Woodhouse CA, Betancourt JL, Fagre DB, Littell JS, et al. The unusual nature of recent snowpack declines in the North American Cordillera. Science. 2011;333:332–5.
Gavazov K, Ingrisch J, Hasibeder R, Mills RTE, Buttler A, Gleixner G, et al. Winter ecology of a subalpine grassland: effects of snow removal on soil respiration, microbial structure and function. Sci Total Environ. 2017;590–591:316–324.
Buckeridge KM, Banerjee S, Siciliano SD, Grogan P. The seasonal pattern of soil microbial community structure in mesic low arctic tundra. Soil Biol Biochem. 2013;65:338–47.
Puissant J, Cécillon L, Mills RTE, Robroek BJM, Gavazov K, De Danieli S, et al. Seasonal influence of climate manipulation on microbial community structure and function in mountain soils. Soil Biol Biochem. 2015;80:296–305.
Bardgett RD, Bowman WD, Kaufmann R, Schmidt SK. A temporal approach to linking aboveground and belowground ecology. Trends Ecol Evol. 2005;20:634–41.
Schmidt SK, Costello EK, Nemergut DR, Cleveland CC, Reed SC, Weintraub MN, et al. Biogeochemical consequences of rapid microbial turnover and seasonal succession in soil. Ecology. 2007;88:1379–85.
Schadt CW, Martin AP, Lipson DA, Schmidt SK. Seasonal dynamics of previously unknown fungal lineages in Tundra soils. Science. 2003;301:1359–61.
Jefferies RL, Walker NA, Edwards KA, Dainty J. Is the decline of soil microbial biomass in late winter coupled to changes in the physical state of cold soils? Soil Biol Biochem. 2010;42:129–35.
Buckeridge KM, Grogan P. Deepened snow increases late thaw biogeochemical pulses in mesic low arctic tundra. Biogeochemistry. 2010;101:105–21.
Schimel J, Balser TC, Wallenstein M. Microbial stress-response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function. Ecology. 2007;88:1386–94.
Buckeridge KM, Grogan P. Deepened snow alters soil microbial nutrient limitations in arctic birch hummock tundra. Appl Soil Ecol. 2008;39:210–22.
Väisänen M, Gavazov K, Krab EJ, Dorrepaal E. The legacy effects of winter climate on microbial functioning after snowmelt in a subarctic Tundra. Micro Ecol. 2019;77:186–90.
Darrouzet-Nardi A, Steltzer H, Sullivan PF, Segal A, Koltz AM, Livensperger C, et al. Limited effects of early snowmelt on plants, decomposers, and soil nutrients in Arctic Tundra soils. Ecol Evol. 2019;9:1820–44.
Ernakovich JG, Hopping KA, Berdanier AB, Simpson RT, Kachergis EJ, Steltzer H, et al. Predicted responses of arctic and alpine ecosystems to altered seasonality under climate change. Glob Chang Biol. 2014;20:3256–69.
Li W, Wu J, Bai E, Jin C, Wang A, Yuan F, et al. Response of terrestrial carbon dynamics to snow cover change: a meta-analysis of experimental manipulation (II). Soil Biol Biochem. 2016;103:388–93.
Neuwinger I Bodenökologische. Untersuchungen im Gebiet Obergurgler Zirbenwald—Hohe Mut. In: Patzelt G (Hrsg.. (ed). MaB-Projekt Obergurgl. 1987. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, Austria, pp 173-90.
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959;37:911–917.
Bardgett RD, Hobbs PJ, Frostegard A. Changes in soil fungal:bacterial biomass ratios following reductions in the intensity of management of an upland grassland. Biol Fertil Soils. 1996;22:261–4.
Andersson AF, Lindberg M, Jakobsson H, Bäckhed F, Nyrén P, Engstrand L. Comparative analysis of human gut microbiota by barcoded pyrosequencing. PLoS ONE. 2008;3:e2836.
Arenz BE, Schlatter DC, Bradeen JM, Kinkel LL. Blocking primers reduce co-amplification of plant DNA when studying bacterial endophyte communities. J Microbiol Methods. 2015;117:1–3.
Ihrmark K, Bödeker ITM, Cruz-Martinez K, Friberg H, Kubartova A, Schenck J, et al. New primers to amplify the fungal ITS2 region—evaluation by 454-sequencing of artificial and natural communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012;82:666–77.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. PCR protocols. 1990. Academic Press.
Kozich JJ, Westcott SL, Baxter NT, Highlander SK, Schloss PD. Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the miseq illumina sequencing platform. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79:5112–20.
Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJA, Holmes SP. DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods. 2016;13:581–3.
R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2019. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
DeSantis TZ, Hugenholtz P, Larsen N, Rojas M, Brodie EL, Keller K, et al. Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:5069–72.
Kõljalg U, Larsson KH, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH, Alexander IJ, Eberhardt U, et al. UNITE: A database providing web-based methods for the molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi. N. Phytol. 2005;166:1063–8.
McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. Phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e61217.
Illumina. bcl2fastq and bcl2fastq2 Conversion software. 2020. https://support.illumina.com/sequencing/sequencing
Sáenz JS, Marques TV, Barone RSC, Cyrino JEP, Kublik S, Nesme J, et al. Oral administration of antibiotics increased the potential mobility of bacterial resistance genes in the gut of the fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Microbiome. 2019;7:1–14.
Schubert M, Lindgreen S, Orlando L. AdapterRemoval v2: rapid adapter trimming, identification, and read merging. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9:1–7.
Schmieder R, Edwards R. Fast identification and removal of sequence contamination from genomic and metagenomic datasets. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e17288.
Menzel P, Ng KL, Krogh A. Fast and sensitive taxonomic classification for metagenomics with Kaiju. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11257.
Tu Q, Lin L, Cheng L, Deng Y, He Z. NCycDB: a curated integrative database for fast and accurate metagenomic profiling of nitrogen cycling genes. Bioinformatics. 2019;35:1040–8.
First Y, Job P. GNU parallel: the command-line power tool | USENIX. 3: 42–47.
Jackson CR, Tyler HL, Millar JJ. Determination of microbial extracellular enzyme activity in waters, soils, and sediments using high throughput microplate assays. J Vis Exp. 2013;80:e50399.
De Long JR, Semchenko M, Pritchard WJ, Cordero I, Fry EL, Jackson BG, et al. Drought soil legacy overrides maternal effects on plant growth. Funct Ecol. 2019;33:1400–10.
Kandeler E, Gerber H. Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium article in biology and fertility of soils. Biol Fertil Soils. 1988;6:68–72.
Jones DL, Willett VB. Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil. Soil Biol Biochem. 2006;38:991–9.
Ross DJ. Influence of sieve mesh size on estimates of microbial carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-extraction procedures in soils under pasture. Soil Biol Biochem. 1992;24:343–50.
De Boer W, Folman LB, Summerbell RC, Boddy L. Living in a fungal world: Impact of fungi on soil bacterial niche development. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005;29:795–811.
Moorhead DDL, Sinsabaugh RRL. A theoretical model of litter decay and microbial interaction. Ecol Monogr. 2006;76:151–74.
Zhou Y, Pope PB, Li S, Wen B, Tan F, Cheng S, et al. Omics-based interpretation of synergism in a soil-derived cellulose-degrading microbial community. Sci Rep. 2014;4:1–6.
Lynd LR, Weimer PJ, van Zyl WH, Pretorius IS. Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002;66:506–77.
Bhatnagar JM, Peay KG, Treseder KK. Litter chemistry influences decomposition through activity of specific microbial functional guilds. Ecol Monogr. 2018;88:429–44.
Sinsabaugh RL, Lauber CL, Weintraub MN, Ahmed B, Allison SD, Crenshaw C, et al. Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale. Ecol Lett. 2008;11:1252–64.
Fierer N, Lauber CL, Ramirez KS, Zaneveld J, Bradford MA, Knight R. Comparative metagenomic, phylogenetic and physiological analyses of soil microbial communities across nitrogen gradients. ISME J. 2012;6:1007–17.
Broadbent AAD, Orwin KH, Peltzer DA, Dickie IA, Mason NWH, Ostle NJ, et al. Invasive N-fixer impacts on litter decomposition driven by changes to soil properties not litter quality. Ecosystems. 2017;20:1–13.
Prosser JI, Nicol GW. Archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidisers in soil: the quest for niche specialisation and differentiation. Trends Microbiol. 2012;20:523–31.
Verhamme DT, Prosser JI, Nicol GW. Ammonia concentration determines differential growth of ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria in soil microcosms. ISME J. 2011;5:1067–71.
Brooks PD, Williams MW, Schmidt SK. Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt. Biogeochemistry. 1998;43:1–15.
Jaeger CH, Monson RK, Fisk MC, Schmidt SK. Seasonal partitioning of nitrogen by plants and soil microorganisms in an alpine ecosystem. Ecology. 1999;80:1883–91.
Ashton IW, Miller AE, Bowman WD, Suding KN. Niche complementarity due to plasticity in resource use: plant partitioning of chemical N forms. Ecology. 2010;91:3252–60.
Bilbrough CJ, Welker JM, Bowman WD. Early spring nitrogen uptake by snow-covered plants: a comparison of Arctic and alpine plant function under the snowpack. Arct, Antarct Alp Res. 2000;32:404–11.
Michelsen A, Schmidt IK, Jonasson S, Quarmby C, Sleep D. Leaf 15N abundance of subarctic plants provides field evidence that ericoid, ectomycorrhizal and non-and arbuscular mycorrhizal species access different sources of soil nitrogen. Oecologia. 1996;105:53–63.
Wookey PA, Aerts R, Bardgett RD, Baptist F, Bråthen K, Cornelissen JHC, et al. Ecosystem feedbacks and cascade processes: understanding their role in the responses of Arctic and alpine ecosystems to environmental change. Glob Chang Biol. 2009;15:1153–72.
Source: Ecology - nature.com
