Loisel, J. et al. A database and synthesis of northern peatland soil properties and Holocene carbon and nitrogen accumulation. Holocene 24, 1028–1042 (2014).
Loisel, J. et al. Insights and issues with estimating northern peatland carbon stocks and fluxes since the Last Glacial Maximum. Earth Sci. Rev. 165, 59–80 (2017).
Google Scholar
Yu, Z., Loisel, J., Brosseau, D. P., Beilman, D. W. & Hunt, S. J. Global peatland dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L13402 (2010).
Scharlemann, J. P., Tanner, E. V., Hiederer, R. & Kapos, V. Global soil carbon: understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Carbon Manag. 5, 81–91 (2014).
Google Scholar
Chambers, F. M., Barber, K. E., Maddy, D. & Brew, J. A 5500-year proxy-climate and vegetation record from blanket mire at Talla Moss, Borders, Scotland. The Holocene 7, 391–399 (1997).
Charman, D. J., Blundell, A., Chiverrell, R. C., Hendon, D. & Langdon, P. G. Compilation of non-annually resolved Holocene proxy climate records: stacked Holocene peatland palaeo-water table reconstructions from northern Britain. Quat. Sci. Rev. 25, 336–350 (2006).
Swindles, G. T. et al. Widespread drying of European peatlands in recent centuries. Nat. Geosci. 12, 922–928 (2019).
Google Scholar
van der Linden, M. & van Geel, B. Late Holocene climate change and human impact recorded in a south Swedish ombrotrophic peat bog. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 240, 649–667 (2006).
Clymo, R. S. The limits to peat bog growth. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 303, 605–654 (1984).
Hessen, D. O., Ågren, G. I., Anderson, T. R., Elser, J. J. & de Ruiter, P. C. Carbon sequestration in ecosystems: the role of stoichiometry. Ecology 85, 1179–1192 (2004).
Damman, A. W. H. Distribution and movement of elements in ombrotrophic peat bogs. Oikos 30, 480–495 (1978).
Google Scholar
Malmer, N. Patterns in the growth and the accumulation of inorganic constituents in the Sphagnum cover on ombrotrophic bogs in Scandinavia. Oikos 53, 105–120 (1988).
Google Scholar
Wang, R. et al. Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100. Glob. Change Biol. 23, 4854–4872 (2017).
Du, E. et al. Imbalanced phosphorus and nitrogen deposition in China’s forests. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 8571–8579 (2016).
Google Scholar
Du, E. et al. Global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. Nat. Geosci. 13, 221–226 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bragazza, L. et al. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition promotes carbon loss from peat bogs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 19386–19389 (2006).
Google Scholar
Bragazza, L. et al. High nitrogen deposition alters the decomposition of bog plant litter and reduces carbon accumulation. Glob. Change Biol. 18, 1163–1172 (2012).
Aerts, R., Wallén, B. & Malmer, N. Growth-limiting nutrients in Sphagnum-dominated bogs subject to low and high atmospheric nitrogen supply. J. Ecol. 80, 131–140 (1992).
Brahney, J., Mahowald, N., Ward, D. S., Ballantyne, A. P. & Neff, J. C. Is atmospheric phosphorus pollution altering global alpine Lake stoichiometry? Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 29, 1369–1383 (2015).
Charman, D. J. et al. Drivers of Holocene peatland carbon accumulation across a climate gradient in northeastern North America. Quat. Sci. Rev. 121, 110–119 (2015).
Charman, D. J. et al. Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium. Biogeosciences 10, 929–944 (2013).
Beilman, D. W., MacDonald, G. M., Smith, L. C. & Reimer, P. J. Carbon accumulation in peatlands of West Siberia over the last 2000 years. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB1012 (2009).
Wang, M., Moore, T. R., Talbot, J. & Richard, P. J. H. The cascade of C:N:P stoichiometry in an ombrotrophic peatland: from plants to peat. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 024003 (2014).
Google Scholar
Wang, M., Moore, T. R., Talbot, J. & Riley, J. L. The stoichiometry of carbon and nutrients in peat formation. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 29, 113–121 (2015).
Gorham, E. & Janssens, J. A. The distribution and accumulation of chemical elements in five peat cores from the mid-continent to the eastern coast of North America. Wetlands 25, 259–278 (2005).
Ratcliffe, J. L. et al. Rapid carbon accumulation in a peatland following Late Holocene tephra deposition, New Zealand. Quat. Sci. Rev. 246, 106505 (2020).
Kylander, M. E. et al. Mineral dust as a driver of carbon accumulation in northern latitudes. Sci. Rep. 8, 6876 (2018).
Hughes, P. D. M. et al. The impact of high tephra loading on late-Holocene carbon accumulation and vegetation succession in peatland communities. Quat. Sci. Rev. 67, 160–175 (2013).
Limpens, J., Berendse, F. & Klees, H. How phosphorus availability affects the impact of nitrogen deposition on Sphagnum and vascular plants in bogs. Ecosystems 7, 793–804 (2004).
Google Scholar
Fritz, C. et al. Nutrient additions in pristine Patagonian Sphagnum bog vegetation: can phosphorus addition alleviate (the effects of) increased nitrogen loads. Plant Biol. 14, 491–499 (2012).
Google Scholar
White, J. R. & Reddy, K. R. Influence of phosphorus loading on organic nitrogen mineralization of everglades soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 1525 (2000).
Google Scholar
Bledsoe, R. B., Goodwillie, C. & Peralta, A. L. Long-term nutrient enrichment of an oligotroph-dominated wetland increases bacterial diversity in bulk soils and plant rhizospheres. mSphere 5, e00035-20 (2020).
Lin, X. et al. Microbial community stratification linked to utilization of carbohydrates and phosphorus limitation in a boreal peatland at Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 3518–3530 (2014).
Sjögersten, S., Cheesman, A. W., Lopez, O. & Turner, B. L. Biogeochemical processes along a nutrient gradient in a tropical ombrotrophic peatland. Biogeochemistry 104, 147–163 (2011).
Cheesman, A. W., Turner, B. L. & Ramesh Reddy, K. Soil phosphorus forms along a strong nutrient gradient in a tropical ombrotrophic wetland. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76, 1496–1506 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kivimäki, S. K., Sheppard, L. J., Leith, I. D. & Grace, J. Long-term enhanced nitrogen deposition increases ecosystem respiration and carbon loss from a Sphagnum bog in the Scottish Borders. Environ. Exp. Bot. 90, 53–61 (2013).
Moore, T. R., Knorr, K.-H., Thompson, L., Roy, C. & Bubier, J. L. The effect of long-term fertilization on peat in an ombrotrophic bog. Geoderma 343, 176–186 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hill, B. H. et al. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and microbial processing of organic matter in northern bogs and fens reveals a common P-limitation between peatland types. Biogeochemistry 120, 203–224 (2014).
Google Scholar
Vitousek, P. M. et al. Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. In The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales (eds. Boyer, E. W. & Howarth, R. W.) 1–45 (Springer Netherlands, 2002).
Larmola, T. et al. Methanotrophy induces nitrogen fixation during peatland development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 734–739 (2014).
Google Scholar
van den Elzen, E. et al. Symbiosis revisited: phosphorus and acid buffering stimulate N2 fixation but not Sphagnum growth. Biogeosciences 14, 1111–1122 (2017).
van den Elzen, E., Bengtsson, F., Fritz, C., Rydin, H. & Lamers, L. P. M. Variation in symbiotic N2 fixation rates among Sphagnum mosses. PLoS ONE 15, e0228383 (2020).
Toberman, H. et al. Dependence of ombrotrophic peat nitrogen on phosphorus and climate. Biogeochemistry 125, 11–20 (2015).
Google Scholar
Basilier, K., Granhall, U., Stenström, T.-A. & Stenstrom, T.-A. Nitrogen fixation in wet minerotrophic moss communities of a subarctic mire. Oikos 31, 236 (1978).
Google Scholar
Lin, X. et al. Microbial metabolic potential for carbon degradation and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) acquisition in an ombrotrophic peatland. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 3531–3540 (2014).
Kox, M. A. R. et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on diazotrophic activity of microorganisms associated with Sphagnum magellanicum. Plant Soil 406, 83–100 (2016).
Google Scholar
Bubier, J. L., Moore, T. R. & Bledzki, L. A. Effects of nutrient addition on vegetation and carbon cycling in an ombrotrophic bog. Glob. Change Biol. 13, 1168–1186 (2007).
Fritz, C., Lamers, L. P. M., Riaz, M., van den Berg, L. J. L. & Elzenga, T. J. T. M. Sphagnum mosses – masters of efficient N-uptake while avoiding intoxication. PLoS ONE 9, e79991 (2014).
Morris, P. J. et al. Global peatland initiation driven by regionally asynchronous warming. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115, 4851–4856 (2018).
Google Scholar
Schillereff, D. N. et al. Long-term macronutrient stoichiometry of UK ombrotrophic peatlands. Sci. Total Environ. 572, 1561–1572 (2016).
Google Scholar
Sjöström, J. K. et al. Paleodust deposition and peat accumulation rates – bog size matters. Chem. Geol. 554, 119795 (2020).
Kylander, M. E. et al. Potentials and problems of building detailed dust records using peat archives: an example from Store Mosse (the “Great Bog”), Sweden. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 190, 156–174 (2016).
Google Scholar
Mahowald, N. et al. Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, 1–19 (2008).
Tipping, E. et al. Atmospheric deposition of phosphorus to land and freshwater. Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, 1608–1617 (2014).
Google Scholar
Wang, R. et al. Significant contribution of combustion-related emissions to the atmospheric phosphorus budget. Nat. Geosci. 8, 48–54 (2015).
Google Scholar
Newman, E. I. Phosphorus inputs to terrestrial ecosystems. J. Ecol. 83, 713–726 (1995).
Worrall, F., Moody, C. S., Clay, G. D., Burt, T. P. & Rose, R. The total phosphorus budget of a peat-covered catchment. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 121, 1814–1828 (2016).
Google Scholar
Vitousek, P. M., Porder, S., Houlton, B. Z. & Chadwick, O. A. Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions. Ecol. Appl. 20, 5–15 (2010).
Bedford, B. L., Walbridge, M. R. & Aldous, A. Patterns in nutrient availability and plant diversity of temperate North American Wetlands. Ecology 80, 2151–2169 (1999).
Güsewell, S. N: P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance: Tansley review. New Phytol. 164, 243–266 (2004).
Yan, J. et al. Preliminary investigation of phosphorus adsorption onto two types of iron oxide-organic matter complexes. J. Environ. Sci. 42, 152–162 (2016).
Google Scholar
Barrow, N. J. Comparing two theories about the nature of soil phosphate. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 72, 679–685 (2021).
Google Scholar
Bridgham, S. D., Pastor, J., Janssens, J. A., Chapin, C. & Malterer, T. J. Multiple limiting gradients in peatlands: a call for a new paradigm. Wetlands 16, 45–65 (1996).
Kuhry, P. & Vitt, D. H. Fossil carbon/nitrogen ratios as a measure of peat decomposition. Ecology 77, 271–275 (1996).
Kuhry, P., Halsey, L. A., Bayley, S. E. & Vitt, D. H. Peatland development in relation to Holocene climatic change in Manitoba and Saskatchewan (Canada). Can. J. Earth Sci. 29, 1070–1090 (1992).
Google Scholar
Malmer, N. & Wallén, B. Input rates, decay losses and accumulation rates of carbon in bogs during the last millennium: internal processes and environmental changes. The Holocene 14, 111–117 (2004).
Malmer, N. & Holm, E. Variation in the C/N-quotient of peat in relation to decomposition rate and age determination with 210 Pb. Oikos 43, 171–182 (1984).
Google Scholar
Larsson, A., Segerstrom, U., Laudon, H. & Nilsson, M. Holocene carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates and contemporary carbon export in discharge: a study from a boreal fen catchment. Holocene 27, 48 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616675936.
Berendse, F. et al. Raised atmospheric CO2 levels and increased N deposition cause shifts in plant species composition and production in Sphagnum bogs. Glob. Change Biol. 7, 591–598 (2001).
Juutinen, S., Bubier, J. L. & Moore, T. R. Responses of vegetation and ecosystem CO2 exchange to 9 years of nutrient addition at Mer Bleue bog. Ecosystems 13, 874–887 (2010).
Google Scholar
Lequy, É., Legout, A., Conil, S. & Turpault, M. P. Aeolian dust deposition rates in Northern French forests and inputs to their biogeochemical cycles. Atmos. Environ. 80, 281–289 (2013).
Google Scholar
Harrison, J. A., Caraco, N. & Seitzinger, S. P. Global patterns and sources of dissolved organic matter export to the coastal zone: results from a spatially explicit, global model. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB4S04 (2005).
Yu, Z. Holocene carbon flux histories of the world’s peatlands: global carbon-cycle implications. The Holocene 21, 761–774 (2011).
Schlesinger, W. H. & Bernhardt, E. S. Biogeochemistry. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013).
Peñuelas, J. et al. Human-induced nitrogen–phosphorus imbalances alter natural and managed ecosystems across the globe. Nat. Commun. 4, 2934 (2013).
Larmola, T. et al. Vegetation feedbacks of nutrient addition lead to a weaker carbon sink in an ombrotrophic bog. Glob. Change Biol. 19, 3729–3739 (2013).
Li, F. et al. Organic carbon linkage with soil colloidal phosphorus at regional and field scales: insights from size fractionation of fine particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 55, 5815–5825 (2021).
Google Scholar
Spohn, M. Increasing the organic carbon stocks in mineral soils sequesters large amounts of phosphorus. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 4169–4177 (2020).
Sjöström, J. Mid-Holocene Mineral Dust Deposition in Raised Bogs in Southern Sweden: Processes and Links. PhD thesis, Stockholm Univ. (2021).
Gallego-Sala, A. V. et al. Latitudinal limits to the predicted increase of the peatland carbon sink with warming. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 907–913 (2018).
Google Scholar
Wilson, R. M. et al. Stability of peatland carbon to rising temperatures. Nat. Commun. 7, 13723 (2016).
Google Scholar
Dorrepaal, E. et al. Carbon respiration from subsurface peat accelerated by climate warming in the subarctic. Nature 460, 616–619 (2009).
Google Scholar
Clymo, R. S. & Bryant, C. L. Diffusion and mass flow of dissolved carbon dioxide, methane, and dissolved organic carbon in a 7-m deep raised peat bog. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 2048–2066 (2008).
Google Scholar
Morris, P. J., Waddington, J. M., Benscoter, B. W. & Turetsky, M. R. Conceptual frameworks in peatland ecohydrology: looking beyond the two-layered (acrotelm-catotelm) model. Ecohydrology 4, 1–11 (2011).
Rydin, H. & Jeglum, J. The Biology of Peatlands (Oxford University Press, 2013).
Limpens, J., Heijmans, M. M. P. D. & Berendse, F. The nitrogen cycle in boreal peatlands. Boreal Peatl. Ecosyst. 188, 195–230 (2006).
Google Scholar
Biester, H., Knorr, K.-H., Schellekens, J., Basler, A. & Hermanns, Y.-M. Comparison of different methods to determine the degree of peat decomposition in peat bogs. Biogeosciences 11, 2691–2707 (2014).
Google Scholar
Zaccone, C., Plaza, C., Ciavatta, C., Miano, T. M. & Shotyk, W. Advances in the determination of humification degree in peat since: Applications in geochemical and paleoenvironmental studies. Earth-Sci. Rev. 185, 163–178 (2018).
Google Scholar
Alboukadel Kassambara. ggpubr: ‘ggplot2’ Based Publication Ready Plots. R package version 0.4.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggpubr (CRAN, 2020).
Legendre, P. & Oksanen, J. lmodel2: Model II Regression. R package version 1.7–3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lmodel2 (CRAN, 2018).
Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2016).
Tipping, E. et al. Long-term increases in soil carbon due to ecosystem fertilization by atmospheric nitrogen deposition demonstrated by regional-scale modelling and observations. Sci. Rep. 7, 1890 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bragazza, L. & Limpens, J. Dissolved organic nitrogen dominates in European bogs under increasing atmospheric N deposition. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18, GB4018 (2004).
Turunen, J., Roulet, N. T., Moore, T. R. & Richard, P. J. H. Nitrogen deposition and increased carbon accumulation in ombrotrophic peatlands in eastern Canada. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18, 1–12 (2004).
Lund, M., Christensen, T. R., Mastepanov, M., Lindroth, A. & Ström, L. Effects of N and P fertilization on the greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N deposition rates. Biogeosciences 6, 2135–2144 (2009).
Google Scholar
Xu, J., Morris, P. J., Liu, J. & Holden, J. PEATMAP: refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis. Catena 160, 134–140 (2018).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
