in

Human activity increases Arctic fire occurrence within and near lit areas


Abstract

Arctic fires have become more frequent in recent decades. Previous research highlighted climate variables as the driving factor of fire occurrence in the Arctic, largely ignoring the contribution of human activity. Here, we analyzed the relationship between fire occurrence and human activity, as represented by artificial light at night, from 2001 to 2013 at pan-Arctic scale. Our results show a 2.45 [2.14, 2.82] times higher fire occurrence inside the lit area (exactly zero km distance) compared to control points randomly selected from areas with similar climate conditions. Moreover, fire occurrence exhibited a strong spatial association with distance to lit areas, with higher fire occurrence observed closer to human activity. Differences in fire occurrence near lit area for similar human activities suggest the potential of fire management. Effective management of fire risk around lit area to reduce ignition risks along with effective firefighting strategies are important to reduce damage to infrastructure, disturbance to permafrost ecosystems and positive feedbacks to climate warming.

Subjects

  • Environmental impact
  • Fire ecology

Acknowledgements

We thank Barbara and Urs Stampfli for their support to this study. This study made use of infrastructure services provided by the Science IT team of the University of Zurich (www.s3it.uzh.ch). We thank Vitalii Zemlianski for discussions related to fire occurrence near oil pipelines in the Russian Arctic. Map data copyrighted OpenStreetMap contributors and available from https://www.openstreetmap.org.

Funding

This research was supported by Barbara and Urs Stampfli through University of Zurich Foundation (No specific grant number). Open access funding provided by University of Zurich.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to
Cengiz Akandil or Gabriela Schaepman-Strub.

Ethics declarations

Author contributions

C.A., R.J.H., E.P., M.O.R., and G.S.S. conceptualized the study, C.A., R.J.H., E.P., M.O.R., Z.W., R.F., and G.S.S. have developed the methodology, C.A., E.P., N.R., and R.F. implemented the software code, C.A., R.J.H., E.P., and R.F. validated the study, C.A., E.P., N.R., and R.F. run the formal analysis, C.A., R.J.H., and G.S.S. investigated the study, C.A. and N.R. made the data curation, C.A. wrote the original draft, all authors wrote, reviewed and edited, C.A., E.P., N.R., and R.F. made the visualizations, G.S.S. supervised and administered the study, C.A. and G.S.S. acquired the funding.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Material (download DOCX )

Transparent Peer Review file (download PDF )

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Akandil, C., Heim, R.J., Plekhanova, E. et al. Human activity increases Arctic fire occurrence within and near lit areas.
Commun Earth Environ (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03884-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03884-3


Source: Ecology - nature.com

Briefing Chat: Orcas smashed a sunfish to bits — researchers aren’t sure why

A bilateral US-UK airplane wastewater monitoring pilot demonstrates the feasibility of an international wastewater surveillance network

Back to Top