Abstract
Exploring crop performance and response across diverse conditions has become increasingly strenuous due to the combined effects of Genotype x Environment interaction and climate change. This study sought to assess the grain yield performance of nine durum wheat varieties across 13 rainfed environments combining two locations (Kef and Beja) with six to seven cropping seasons each. AMMI and WAASB analyses revealed significant effects of genotypes, environments, and their interaction on grain yield, with the environment representing the major source of variation (92.08%). The AMMI biplot revealed a clear discrimination between the Beja and Kef environments, suggesting that location substantially influenced genotype × environment interaction (GEI) patterns across growing seasons. These results highlight the importance of considering location-specific responses when evaluating varietal adaptation. Across the evaluated network, INRAT100, Om Rabiaa, Dhahbi, and Salim were identified as the top-yielding varieties, while Razzak and Salim exhibited the highest stability. The varieties Om Rabiaa and Salim displayed a more favorable combination of yield performance and stability under Beja conditions, whereas Nasr and INRAT100 performed comparatively better under Kef conditions. Notably, Salim combined high yield performance combined by good stability, supporting its suitability under rainfed Tunisian conditions in the context of ongoing climate change. These findings contribute to a better understanding of varietal performance under contrasting environments and may support future varieties recommendation.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the editor and reviewers for their meticulous evaluation and the constructive advice that has enhanced the overall quality of this study. The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Mohamed Salah Gharbi for his valuable contributions and leadership as Head of the Durum Wheat Program until March 2017–2018. His dedication and support greatly contributed to the advancement of this work.
Funding
This research received no external funding. This work was financed by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the Tunisian Ministry of Agriculture, Hydraulic Resources and Maritime Fishing.
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Ajmi, C., belguesmi, K., Abed, M. et al. Unraveling genotype × environment interaction and stability patterns for climate-resilient durum wheat varieties.
Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-70476-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-70476-8
Keywords
- AMMI model
- Climate change
- Durum wheat
- Grain yield stability
- WAASB index
Source: Ecology - nature.com
