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Biotic and abiotic drivers of biomass carbon storage in peri-urban forests in Burkina Faso

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Abstract

Urban and peri-urban forests are vital nature-based climate solutions in urban centers undergoing rapid urbanization and rising temperatures. While their ecological role in carbon sequestration is documented in West Africa, how environmental factors affect aboveground carbon (AGC) storage in peri-urban forests remains poorly understood. This study investigates biotic and abiotic drivers of AGC storage across three peri-urban forests in Burkina Faso. Using inventory data of 4840 individuals across 158 plots, we investigated AGC variation patterns and drivers. We applied two-way analysis of variance to examine variations in AGC across forest sites and diameter size classes, and a structural equation model (SEM) to assess the direct and indirect effects of diversity, structural, climatic and topographic variables. Results showed significant main and interactive effects of site and diameter class on AGC (p value < 0.001), indicating that carbon allocation to diameter classes varies between forests. Twenty woody species accounted for 72.5 to 92.3% of total AGC stocks across forest sites, highlighting their high carbon storage potential. SEM results showed positive direct effects of tree size variation (β = 0.41) and density (β = 0.45) on AGC, while species diversity (β =  − 0.25) and elevation (β =  − 0.37) reduced AGC. Precipitation seasonality had no direct effect on AGC (β =  − 0.26) but positively influenced species diversity (β = 0.42). Tree density also indirectly reduced AGC (β =  − 0.11) via increased diversity (β = 0.47). These findings emphasize that enhanced carbon storage in peri-urban forests can be achieved by increasing tree density and size variation. Therefore, promoting high-carbon storing trees in planting campaigns can significantly enhance climate change mitigation efforts.

Data availability

Data supporting the findings of this study is provided within the manuscript or supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the “Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (MESRI)” and to the “Fond National de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pour le Développent (FONRID)”.

Funding

This research was funded by the ʻʻMinistère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (MESRI)ʼʼ of Burkina Faso through the ʻʻFond National de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pour le Développent (FONRID, N°FONRID/AAP7/NCP/PC/2020) ʼʼ.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Institute of Sciences and Technology, 01 Box 1757, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Larba Hubert Balima

  2. Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 Box 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Larba Hubert Balima, Moussa Ganamé, Philippe Bayen, Henry Kiemtoré, Lassané Nakoulma, Mohamed Cissé, Issouf Zerbo & Adjima Thiombiano

  3. University Nazi Boni / University Centre of Banfora, Banfora, Burkina Faso

    Moussa Ganamé & Mohamed Cissé

  4. Department of Applied and Technological Sciences, University Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly, Box 176, Dédougou, Burkina Faso

    Philippe Bayen

  5. University Thomas Sankara / University Centre of Tenkodogo, 12 Box 417, Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso

    Issouf Zerbo

Authors

  1. Larba Hubert Balima
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  2. Moussa Ganamé
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  3. Philippe Bayen
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  4. Henry Kiemtoré
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  5. Lassané Nakoulma
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  6. Mohamed Cissé
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  7. Issouf Zerbo
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  8. Adjima Thiombiano
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Contributions

LHB, MG, PB, MC, IZ and AT contributed to the study design. HK and LN conducted fieldwork data collection. LHB, MG, PB and IZ performed data analysis. LHB wrote the main manuscript text. MG, BP, HK, LN, MC, IZ and AT revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to
Larba Hubert Balima.

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Balima, L.H., Ganamé, M., Bayen, P. et al. Biotic and abiotic drivers of biomass carbon storage in peri-urban forests in Burkina Faso.
Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40132-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40132-2

Keywords

  • Global warming
  • Peri-urban forestry
  • Regulating services
  • Sahel cities
  • Urbanization

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