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Comparative analysis of soil microbial diversity and chemical properties in different Phallus dongsun habitats

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Abstract

Phallus dongsun is a rare edible mushroom, and soil covering cultivation is its main cultivation mode. Soil microbial community and chemical properties play crucial roles in the growth, development and yield formation of P. dongsun. To clarify differences in microbial community composition, structure, and soil chemical properties across soils associated with the growth of P. dongsun, four types of soil samples were collected from its habitats, namely wild soil (YS), no-yield soil (JC), medium-yield soil (ZC), and high-yield soil (GC). Systematic analyses were conducted on soil nutrient contents, pH values, and microbial communities. The results showed that compared with JC and ZC soils, YS and GC soils had significantly higher abundances of beneficial microbial phyla and genera. Specifically, they include the phyla Pseudomonadota, Gemmatimonadota, and Myxococcota, as well as the genera Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Candidatus Angelobacter, Pseudolabrys, and Rhodoplanes. The enrichment of these beneficial microorganisms may provide a favorable soil environment for the growth of P. dongsun. In addition, the results of microbial α-diversity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) further indicated that the YS soil and GC soil had higher microbial richness and evenness. Moreover, these two soil types showed relatively small differences and high similarity in the composition and structure of the microbial community. Analysis of soil chemical properties indicated that YS and GC had higher pH values, and higher contents of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) than JC and ZC. Meanwhile, a strong correlation was observed between multiple soil chemical properties and microbial communities in YS and GC. This study clarifies the microecological characteristics of different soils supporting P. dongsun growth and provides a theoretical basis for the high-yield simulated wild cultivation of P. dongsun.

Data availability

The raw Illumina sequencing data have been deposited at NCBI under the bioproject accession No. PRJNA1396612.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Guizhou Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation and Restoration (Grant No. ZSYS[2025]015); Guizhou High-Level Innovation Talent Project (Bi Ke Ren Cai He [2025] No. 10); Project of Bijie City Science and Technology Joint Fund (Bi Ke Lian He [2025] No. 25); Project of Bijie City Science and Technology Joint Fund (Bi Ke Lian He [2025] No. 107); Dongfeng Lake and Liuchong River Basin of Observation and Research Station of Guizhou Province (Grant No. QKHPT YWZ[2025]002); Guizhou Edible Mushroom Industry Technology System (GZSYJCYJSTX-10); Science and Technology Project of Bijie city of open competition mechanism to select the best candidates (Grant No: BKHZDZX〔2023〕1); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for College Students༈S2024106680596༉.

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Author notes

  1. Li Cao and Qunying Xiao contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Typical Plateau Wetlands, Guizhou Province, 551700, Bijie, China

    Li Cao, Qunying Xiao, Rongxian Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xiaohui Xue & Lijian Ouyang

  2. School of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700, China

    Li Cao, Qunying Xiao, Yuan Yao, Rongxian Zhang, Juncheng Hu, Wei Zhang, Xiaohui Xue & Lijian Ouyang

  3. Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie, 551700, China

    Jie Ma

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  1. Li Cao
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  7. Wei Zhang
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Contributions

Q.X. ,L.C. and X.X proposed a concept and methodology；L.C., Y.Y.,J.H., W.Z. and R.Z analyzed the relevant data and conducted validation; Q.X. and L.C. written the original manuscript; Q.X., R.Z.,W.Z, J.M., Y.Y., X.X and Y.O. provided financial support.

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Correspondence to
Qunying Xiao.

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Cao, L., Xiao, Q., Yao, Y. et al. Comparative analysis of soil microbial diversity and chemical properties in different Phallus dongsun habitats.
Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45668-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45668-x

Keywords


  • Phallus dongsun
  • microbial community
  • soil chemical properties
  • high-throughput sequencing

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