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Elemental composition and physicochemical properties postharvest of the yerba mate produced in different cultivation systems and environments

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Abstract

The compounds present in yerba mate are related to the climatic, cultivation, and production factors. The study aimed to analyze the effects of production factors, environmental, and cropping systems on the elementary composition and physicochemical properties of yerba mate postharvest in the different regions of Southern Brazil. Among the factors evaluated are the age of the yerba mate plantation, shading, type of pruning, soil characteristics, use of fertilizers, and cleaning practices of the yerba mate plantation. The results indicated that the different cultivation and management conditions of yerba mate interconnected influenced its physical-chemical and elemental composition. The interactions between minerals such as Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, and V were predominantly positive. Yerba mate plantations over 21 years old presented the highest Aluminum and Arsenic contents. The color of yerba mate was mainly influenced by the green and yellow tones, varying according to the age of the yerba mate, the type of pruning, the use of fertilizers, and the cleanliness of the cultivation area. However, the caffeine and saponin content stood out, presenting variations in all conditions analyzed. The postharvest quality of yerba mate was closely related to agricultural practices and specific environmental conditions, mainly the age of the yerba mate and the type of pruning.

Data availability

Data will be made available as required. The data can be obtained from the author Paulo Carteri Coradi.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank UFSM (Federal University of Santa Maria)-Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS)-Research Group at Postharvest Innovation: Technology, Quality and Sustainability for their contributions in the research project, laboratories for carrying out the experiments.

Funding

The authors thank CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)-Financial Code 001, CNPq (National Council for Scientific Technological Development)- number 304966/2023-1, and FAPERGS-RS (Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul)-number 24/2551-0001150-1 for funding in the research projects, laboratories for carrying out the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo D Areia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil

    Marcela Trojahn Nunes & Paulo Carteri Coradi

  2. Technological Institute in Food for Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, 93022-750, Brazil

    Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira & Jéssica Fernanda Hoffmann

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil

    Erico Marlon de Moraes Flores

Authors

  1. Marcela Trojahn Nunes
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  2. Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira
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  3. Erico Marlon de Moraes Flores
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  4. Jéssica Fernanda Hoffmann
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  5. Paulo Carteri Coradi
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Contributions

Marcela Nunes Trojahn: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, and Writing—original draft. Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira, Erico Marlon de Moraes Flores, Jéssica Fernanda Hoffmann: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. Writing—review & editing and Writing—original draft. Paulo Carteri Coradi: Project Administration, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, and Writing—original draft.

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Correspondence to
Paulo Carteri Coradi.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

The authors state that permission was granted for the collection of yerba mate samples in the production areas. There were no voucher specimens. The formal identification of the plant material was realized by Paulo Carteri Coradi.

The authors declare that the research and field studies on yerba mate, including the collection of plant material were conducted in accordance with the relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation, following the IUCN Policy on Research Involving Endangered Species and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

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Nunes, M.T., Ferreira, C.D., de Moraes Flores, E.M. et al. Elemental composition and physicochemical properties postharvest of the yerba mate produced in different cultivation systems and environments.
Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-46932-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-46932-w

Keywords

  • Elemental composition
  • Physicochemical properties of yerba mate
  • Yerba mate cultivation and management factors
  • Yerba mate production

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