Abstract
Livestock systems contribute substantially to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, highlighting the need for interventions that enhance productivity while lowering environmental impact. This study assessed GHG emissions and emission intensity (EI) in Ethiopian Menz and Bonga sheep managed under Community-Based Breeding Programs (CBBP) compared with non-CBBP flocks. Using FAO’s GLEAM-i model with long-term performance data (2009–2022) and surveys of 321 households, we found that CBBPs reduced total emissions by 14.56% in Menz and 7.04% in Bonga sheep, while protein output rose by 42% and 2%, respectively. EI declined by 21.49% in Menz and 6.29% in Bonga. At the household level, CBBP flocks achieved markedly lower EI, 39.39% in Menz and 30.68% in Bonga, despite higher absolute emissions from larger flocks. Methane, mainly from enteric fermentation, accounted for a higher proportion compared to other GHG gases. EI was positively associated with reproductive inefficiencies while negatively associated with growth traits, underscoring key levers for mitigation. These results demonstrate that CBBPs deliver both productivity gains and environmental co-benefits, offering a scalable model for climate-smart small ruminant development with relevance beyond Ethiopia.
Acknowledgements
We sincerely acknowledge DBARC and BARC for providing primary data from CBBP villages. We extend our gratitude to the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and AbacusBio for the development of data collection tools, Digital Tool for Recording and Evaluation of Animals (DTREO), which improved data quality and accessibility. The Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and the Unique Land Use project are thanked for their funding support of the first author as part of his PhD research. We appreciate the efforts of researchers and enumerators for their contributions to data collection, expert elicitation, and the provision of valuable insights into the two sheep CBBPs. Special thanks to Mr. Asfaw Bisrat and Metsafe Mamiru for coordinating fieldwork and managing households for primary data collections. We also acknowledge the CBBP enumerators and cooperative leaders for their role in ensuring high-quality data collection and sustaining village operations.
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This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies.
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Tesfa, A., Taye, M., Haile, A. et al. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from Bonga and Menz sheep breeds managed under community-based breeding program.
Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39912-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39912-7
Keywords
- Community-based breeding
- Emission intensity
- Environmental footprint
- Greenhouse gas
- GLEAM-i
- Selection efficiency
Source: Ecology - nature.com
