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Large stocks of permafrost soil organic carbon and nitrogen in Arctic river deltas


Abstract

Arctic deltas are highly dynamic environments at the land-ocean interface that have acted as long-term sinks of sediment, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). Climate impacts Arctic deltas and their upstream catchments through sea-level rise, altered river discharge, increased sediment fluxes, intensified biogeochemical cycling, and permafrost thaw. As a result, soil C and N in Arctic delta deposits are becoming more bioavailable. Here, we present a C and N inventory for Arctic delta compiled from over 1600 soil samples spanning 17 river deltas. We estimate that Arctic delta deposits store 57.5 ( + 9.2/−8.2) Pg C and 3.8 ( + 0.8/−0.7) Pg N across a combined area of nearly 100,000 km², representing large and potentially vulnerable biogeochemical pools. Our findings underscore the potentially pivotal role of Arctic deltas in the pan-Arctic carbon cycle and highlight their importance as dynamic zones of both C and N storage and release in a rapidly changing Arctic.

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Acknowledgements

This work is embedded into the Permafrost Carbon Network. We thank Michail Grigoriev for supporting field logistics in the Lena Delta, and Paul Göckeritz, Tanja Herbst and Dyke Scheidemann for their help with the laboratory analyses. We kindly acknowledge the support by the Research Station Samoylov Island and the Teshekpuk Lake Observatory for providing critical field logistics. In addition, we thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Kotzebue, NANA Regional Cooperation, and the U.S. National Park Service for their support and their permissions granted for the field work in summer 2016 in northwest Alaska. This study was supported by the NERC-BMBF CACOON project (#03F0806A), ERC Starting Grant PETA-CARB (#338335), the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (#ERC-0013), the EU Nunataryuk project (#773421), the BMBF KoPf project (#03F0764B), the DFG project POLYGON (#164232461), ESA GlobPermafrost, and the U.S. National Science Foundation awards NSF #1927872, NSF #2052107, OISE-1927553, OPP-1903735, and OPP-2336164. The authors acknowledge support by the Open Access publication fund of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung.

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Matthias Fuchs.

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Fuchs, M., Sachs, T., Jongejans, L.L. et al. Large stocks of permafrost soil organic carbon and nitrogen in Arctic river deltas.
Nat Commun (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73092-2

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