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Low-intensity management promotes the soil priming effect in European agroecosystems

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Abstract

Agricultural management is critical in shaping soil carbon (C) stocks, pools and fluxes. The soil priming effect (PE) is known as a key component of the global C cycle that reflects alterations in soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization induced by fresh C inputs. Here, we show that priming can help to predict soil C content across European Long-Term Experiments (LTEs), a result which was maintained at continental and global scales. Results reveal that lower-intensity management significantly enhances PE in soils from European croplands. Conversely, high-intensity management led to lower or even negative PE. Management intensity influences PE directly through alterations in SOC and indirectly by modifying aggregates stability and microbial biomass. Both fertilization and tillage affect PE, with soils under organic fertilization and no-tillage showing higher values of PE. These findings advance our understanding of the long-term impacts of agricultural management on the C cycle at the continental scale.

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Data availability

The data used in this study have been deposited in figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31429163 and https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31429322.

Code availability

The code used in this study has been deposited in figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31568962.

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Acknowledgments

This study is part of the EJP Soil MINOTAUR network. EJP SOIL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program: Grant agreement No 862695. This study is part of the project PID2024-160074NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 by FEDER, UE. Authors acknowledge funding from “Programa Regional de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica—Convocatoria de ayudas a Grupos de Excelencia de la Fundación Séneca 2026–2029. FSRM/10.13039/100007801(23015/GERM/25). España”. Part of this research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U22A20612). Part of this research is funded by the AGROALNEXT program, funded by MCIN with funds from NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and Seneca Foundation with funds from “Comunidad Autonoma de la Region de Murcia” (CARM). The management and maintenance of the Swedish LTEs was funded by the Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Maria Viketoft was partly funded by the SLU Center for Biological Control (CBC). Thanks to Pan Yin for assistance in experimental data processing. X.H.D acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). J.A.S. acknowledges the support of the grant RYC2023-044125-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF+.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain

    Xiaohan Dong, Alfonso Vera, María Patiño, José A. Siles & Felipe Bastida

  2. Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China

    Xiaohan Dong & Weidong Zhang

  3. Hunan Key Laboratory for structure and Ecosystem service of subtropical forest, Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong, China

    Xiaohan Dong & Weidong Zhang

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xiaohan Dong

  5. Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA- CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Cristina Aponte, Inés Santín-Montanya & Miguel Ángel Porcel

  6. Departamento de Dinámica y Gestión Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC), Ctra A Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain

    Cristina Aponte

  7. Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via di Lanciola 12A, Firenze, FI, Italy

    Elena Tondini, Francesco Vitali, Sara Del Duca & Stefano Mocali

  8. Departamento de Suelos, Biosistemas y Ecología Agroforestal, MBG sede Santiago (CSIC), Apartado 122, E-15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Carmen Trasar-Cepeda & Ángeles Prieto-Fernández

  9. Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    Anna Edlinger

  10. Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    Tess F. J. van de Voorde & Maria-Franca Dekkers

  11. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Marcel G. A. van der Heijden

  12. Plant-Soil Interactions Group, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, Switzerland

    Marcel G. A. van der Heijden & Raphaël Wittwer

  13. Institut Agro, INRAE, UMR SAS, Rennes, France

    Guénola Pérès & Issaga Diallo

  14. Institute of Zoology, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria

    Johann G. Zaller

  15. Institute of Soil Research, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria

    Rajasekaran Murugan

  16. Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Marjetka Suhadolc, Anton Govednik & Rok Mihelič

  17. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden

    Maria Viketoft & Mohammad Bahram

  18. Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark

    Mohammad Bahram

  19. State key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Chengjie Ren

  20. The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Chengjie Ren

  21. Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, Sevilla, Spain

    Guiyao Zhou & Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo

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  1. Xiaohan Dong
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  2. Alfonso Vera
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  3. María Patiño
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  4. José A. Siles
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  32. Felipe Bastida
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Contributions

F.B and X.D conceived the study and obtained funding. X.D., A.V., M.P., J.A.S., W.Z., M.d.B., and G.Z. conducted experimental analyses and processed data and models. C.A. and S.M. provided funding. C.A., E.T., I.S., M.A.P., F.V., S.D.D., C.T., A.P.F., A.E., Tv.V., M.F.D., M.v.H., R.W., G.P., I.D., J.Z., R.M., M.S., A.G., C.R., R.M., M.V., and M.B provided soil samples and background data for modeling. F.B and X.D. wrote the manuscript with inputs from all co-authors. All coauthors contributed to the writing and review.

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Correspondence to
Felipe Bastida.

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Dong, X., Vera, A., Patiño, M. et al. Low-intensity management promotes the soil priming effect in European agroecosystems.
Nat Commun (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71255-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71255-9

Source: Ecology - nature.com

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