Oxidised pyrogenic carbon sustains electron transfer capacity and organo mineral coupling in subsoils

Soil samples were collected from the long-term field experiment at Shangzhuang Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, and no additional sampling permission was required. The authors thank Professor Juan Gao and Dr Longgang Chu from the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for their valuable support with the cyclic voltammetry measurements.

Y.W. acknowledges support from the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 42207354, the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Beijing Association for Science and Technology under grant BYESS2023124, the China Agriculture Research System of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs under grant CARS23-B15, and the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University. J.Y.S. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 42377305. G.T.L. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 42177278.

Authors and Affiliations

1. College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China

   Yang Wang, Lin Su, Yingjie Yin, Guitong Li, Baoguo Li & Jianying Shang

2. State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

   Tianran Sun, Zhen Yang & Tong Liu

3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

   Tianran Sun, Zhen Yang & Tong Liu

4. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China

   Juan Liu

5. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

   Arai Yuji

6. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia

   Stephen Joseph

7. Electron Microscopy Centre, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia

   David R. G. Mitchell

8. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China

   Qimei Lin

9. College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

   Xuekai Wang

Corresponding author

Correspondence to
Jianying Shang.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions