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Patterns of brown bear damages to agro-livestock activities in North-Eastern Italy across 15 years

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Abstract

Livestock predations along with damages to croplands and beehives, are some of the main drivers of human-bear conflicts in shared landscapes. In the North-Eastern Italian Alps, the only brown bear Ursus arctos breeding population persists in the Autonomous Province of Trento, reintroduced via the LIFE Ursus program (1999–2004), while in Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) few dispersing males are detected annually. Both areas report damages mainly to agro-livestock activities near human settlements. This study aimed to: (i) describe bear-related damages to livestock (sum of preyed, injured, and missing individuals), agriculture, beehives, and structures using 15 years of claims data; (ii) assess temporal trends in damages near human settlements; and (iii) evaluate the spatial expansion of damages. We analysed official compensation claims from 2009 to 2023 in the Autonomous Province of Trento and FVG. Generalized Additive Models assessed proximity trends, while spatial expansion was analysed using 5 × 5 km grid-based hotspot analysis. Findings revealed that livestock and structural damages occurred significantly closer to human settlements across years; but a significant spatial expansion of damages was observed only in the Autonomous Province of Trento. Results highlight the need for effective prevention to reduce conflicts and support human-bear coexistence.

Data availability

The data presented in this study were shared by the Autonomous Province of Trento and the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Data are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author only in the case of previous consent obtained from the Autonomous Province of Trento and the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Data are not publicly available due to privacy reasons.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to all the staff working for the Autonomous Province of Trento and the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. A special thanks goes to Drs. Giulia Bombieri, Dario Colombi, Luca Cristofoli, Umberto Fattori, Claudio Groff, Giuliana Nadalin, and Luca Pedrotti for sharing the datasets and/or providing valuable suggestions.

Funding

No funds were received for the realization of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Marcello Franchini, Mirco Corazzin & Stefano Bovolenta

  2. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy

    Salvatore Raniolo

  3. Wildlife Service, Large Carnivores Sector, Autonomous Province of Trento, Trento, Italy

    Paolo Zanghellini & Natalia Bragalanti

Authors

  1. Marcello Franchini
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  2. Salvatore Raniolo
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  3. Mirco Corazzin
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  4. Paolo Zanghellini
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  5. Natalia Bragalanti
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  6. Stefano Bovolenta
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Contributions

Marcello Franchini: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Salvatore Raniolo: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Mirco Corazzin: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Paolo Zanghellini: Investigation, Data curation, Visualization, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Natalia Bragalanti: Investigation, Data curation, Visualization, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Stefano Bovolenta: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, Project administration.

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Salvatore Raniolo.

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Franchini, M., Raniolo, S., Corazzin, M. et al. Patterns of brown bear damages to agro-livestock activities in North-Eastern Italy across 15 years.
Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38371-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38371-4

Keywords

  • Agriculture
  • Beehives
  • Livestock
  • Grazing practices
  • Human-bear conflict
  • Human-carnivore coexistence

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