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Growth, immunity, and antioxidant activity responses of phytobiotics and probiotics incorporated into Oreochromis niloticus diets under stressors of unchanged water

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of incorporating commercial mixture phytobiotic/probiotics as feed additives in terms of performance, survival rate proximate composition, hematological parameters, immunological response and antioxidant enzymes activity of Oreochromis niloticus reared under un-exchanged water system. Nile tilapia with an average beginning weight ranged from 48.49 to 52.50 g and were distributed in concrete ponds (1 m × 1 m × 1 m; L × W × H) at 20 fish / pond. Four treatments were performed as follows: control group (CG) fish fed a basal feed without water exchange and three groups were reared under zero water exchange with adding three different doses of commercial phytobiotic /probiotics on the basal feed (Garlex®, Superimmune®, and Gallipro 200®): Group 1: (200 mg, 500 mg, and 200 mg)/kg diet, Group 2: (400 mg, 1000 mg, and 400 mg)/ kg diet and Group 3: (600 mg, 1500 mg, and 600 mg)/ kg diet. This trial lasted for ninety days. Groups 1 and 2 had the best growth indices and survival rates, and there was not a significant (P ≤ 0.05) distinction between them. Fish fed Groups 1 and 2 showed the greatest improvement in proximate body composition, immunological responses, and antioxidant enzyme activity, including lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). This study has detected that feed additives of commercial mixture of 200 mg/kg Garlex®, 400 mg/kg Super Immune®, and 200 mg/kg GallPro-200® led to improved growth and physiological status of O. niloticus under un-exchanged water ponds.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank all staff members of Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Aquaculture and Marine fisheries, Arish University, Egypt for supporting this research. Also, authors would like to acknowledge all members and staff of Water Resources Research Station, National institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF in Fayoum, Egypt for their help and support in completing this work.

Funding

Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquaculture and Marine Fisheries, Arish University, Arish, Egypt

    Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz

  2. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Arish, Egypt

    Rabab M. Alkaradawe

  3. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), PO Box 11516, Cairo, Egypt

    Hamed H. E. Saleh, Mohamed A. Elokaby & Abdel-Moneim M. Yones

  4. Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt

    Fatma Ragab Abouel Azm

  5. Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia

    Dalia S. Hamza

  6. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt

    Dalia S. Hamza

  7. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Qena University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

    Naglaa R. A. Kasem

Authors

  1. Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz
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  2. Rabab M. Alkaradawe
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  3. Hamed H. E. Saleh
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  4. Fatma Ragab Abouel Azm
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  5. Mohamed A. Elokaby
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  6. Abdel-Moneim M. Yones
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  7. Dalia S. Hamza
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  8. Naglaa R. A. Kasem
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Contributions

Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz, Rabab M. Alkaradawe, Hamed H. E. Saleh, Fatma Ragab Abouel Azm, Mohamed A. Elokaby, Abdel-Moneim M. Yones, Dalia S. Hamza and Naglaa R.A. Kasem : Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Supervision, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review, editing. Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz: Writing – original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to
Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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All research protocols of this work were ethically approved by the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries’ (NIOF, Egypt) Committee for Ethical Care and Use of Animals/Aquatic Animals (NIOF-IACUC) with code number (NIOF-AQ4-F-24-R-022). The authors confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and that the study is reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.

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Abdel-Aziz, M.F., Alkaradawe, R.M., Saleh, H.H.E. et al. Growth, immunity, and antioxidant activity responses of phytobiotics and probiotics incorporated into Oreochromis niloticus diets under stressors of unchanged water.
Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30248-2

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Keywords

  • Growth performance
  • Nile tilapia
  • Hematology
  • Immunological
  • Antioxidant enzyme
  • Phytobiotic/probiotics

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