Jarvis, E. D. et al. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science 346, 1320–1331 (2014).
Google Scholar
Jetz, W., Thomas, G. H., Joy, J. B., Hartmann, K. & Mooers, A. O. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491, 444–448 (2012).
Google Scholar
Claramunt, S. & Cracraft, J. A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds. Sci. Adv. 1, e1501005 (2015).
Google Scholar
Jenni, L. & Winkler, R. Moult and Ageing of European Passerines. (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020).
Ginn, H. B. & Melville, D. S. Moult in Birds (BTO guide). (British Trust for Ornithology, 1983).
Stresemann, E. & Stresemann, V. Die Mauser der Vögel. (Friedländer, 1966).
Jenni, L. & Winkler, R. The Biology of Moult in Birds. (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020).
Kiat, Y., Izhaki, I. & Sapir, N. The effects of long-distance migration on the evolution of moult strategies in Western-Palearctic passerines. Biol. Rev. 94, 700–720 (2019).
Google Scholar
Kiat, Y. et al. Sequential molt in a feathered dinosaur and implications for early paravian ecology and locomotion. Curr. Biol. 30, 3633–3638 (2020).
Google Scholar
Pyle, P. Identification guide to North American birds: A Compendium of Information on Identifying, Ageing, and Sexing ‘Near-Passerines’ and Passerines in the Hand. (Slate Creek Press, 1997).
Berlow, E. L., Brose, U. & Martinez, N. D. The, “Goldilocks factor” in food webs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 4079–4080 (2008).
Google Scholar
Dale, J., Dey, C. J., Delhey, K., Kempenaers, B. & Valcu, M. The effects of life history and sexual selection on male and female plumage colouration. Nature 529, 367–370 (2015).
Google Scholar
Kleiber, M. Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia 6, 315–353 (1932).
Google Scholar
McKinnon, L. et al. Lower predation risk for migratory birds at high latitudes. Science 327, 326–327 (2010).
Google Scholar
Meiri, S., Dayan, T. & Simberloff, D. Biogeographical patterns in the Western Palearctic: the fasting-endurance hypothesis and the status of Murphy’s rule. J. Biogeogr. 32, 369–375 (2005).
Google Scholar
Millar, J. S. & Hickling, G. J. Fasting endurance and the evolution of mammalian body size. Funct. Ecol. 4, 5–12 (1990).
Google Scholar
Peters, R. H. & Peters, R. H. The Ecological Implications of Body Size. vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1986).
Pérez-Granados, C. et al. Time available for moulting shapes inter- and intra-specific variability in post-juvenile moult extent in wheatears (genus Oenanthe). J. Ornithol. 162, 255–264 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hemborg, C., Sanz, J. & Lundberg, A. Effects of latitude on the trade-off between reproduction and moult: a long-term study with Pied Flycatcher. Oecologia 129, 206–212 (2001).
Google Scholar
de la Hera, I., Díaz, J. a., Pérez-Tris, J. & Tellería, J. L. A comparative study of migratory behaviour and body mass as determinants of moult duration in passerines. J. Avian Biol. 40, 461–465 (2009).
Kiat, Y. & Sapir, N. Age-dependent modulation of songbird summer feather moult by temporal and functional constraints. Am. Nat. 189, 184–195 (2017).
Google Scholar
Møller, A. P. The allometry of number of feathers in birds changes seasonally. Avian Res. 6, 1–5 (2015).
Google Scholar
Rohwer, S., Ricklefs, R. E., Rohwer, V. G. & Copple, M. M. Allometry of the duration of flight feather molt in birds. PLoS Biol. 7, 1246 (2009).
Google Scholar
Rohwer, V. G. & Rohwer, S. How do birds adjust the time required to replace their flight feathers?. Auk 130, 699–707 (2013).
Google Scholar
Barta, Z. et al. Annual routines of non-migratory birds: optimal moult strategies. Oikos 112, 580–593 (2006).
Google Scholar
Barta, Z. et al. Optimal moult strategies in migratory birds. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci. 363, 211–229 (2008).
Wunderle, J. M. Age-specific foraging proficiency in birds. Curr. Ornithol. 8, 273–324 (1991).
Marchetti, K. & Price, T. Differences in the foraging of juvenile and adult birds: the importance of developmental constraints. Biol. Rev. 64, 51–70 (1989).
Google Scholar
Delhey, K. et al. Partial or complete? The evolution of post-juvenile moult strategies in passerine birds. J. Anim. Ecol. 89, 2896–2908 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kiat, Y. & Izhaki, I. Why renew fresh feathers? Advantages and conditions for the evolution of complete post-juvenile moult. J. Avian Biol. 47, 47–56 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kiat, Y. & Sapir, N. Life-history trade-offs result in evolutionary optimization of feather quality. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 125, 613–624 (2018).
Callan, L. M., La Sorte, F. A., Martin, T. E. & Rohwer, V. G. Higher nest predation favors rapid fledging at the cost of plumage quality in nestling birds. Am. Nat. 193, 717–724 (2019).
Google Scholar
Del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. & de Juana, E. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (Lynx Edicions, 2019).
Dunning Jr, J. B. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. (CRC Press, 2007).
Billerman, S. M., Keeney, B. K., Rodewald, P. G. & Schulenberg, T. S. Birds of the World. (Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 2020).
Bird species distribution maps of the world. BirdLife International (2019).
Jetz, W. et al. Global distribution and conservation of evolutionary distinctness in birds. Curr. Biol. 24, 919–930 (2014).
Google Scholar
Rubolini, D., Liker, A., Garamszegi, L. Z., Møller, A. P. & Saino, N. Using the BirdTree.org website to obtain robust phylogenies for avian comparative studies: a primer. Curr. Zool. 61, 959–965 (2015).
Revell, L. J. phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods Ecol. Evol. 3, 217–223 (2012).
Google Scholar
Akaike, H. Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika 52, 317–332 (1987).
Google Scholar
Rabosky, D. L. No substitute for real data: a cautionary note on the use of phylogenies from birth–death polytomy resolvers for downstream comparative analyses. Evolution 69, 3207–3216 (2015).
Google Scholar
Thomas, G. H. An avian explosion. Nature 526, 516–517 (2015).
Google Scholar
Prum, R. O. et al. A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ives, A. R. & Garland, T. Jr. Phylogenetic logistic regression for binary dependent variables. Syst. Biol. 59, 9–26 (2010).
Google Scholar
Tung Ho, L. si & Ané, C. A linear-time algorithm for Gaussian and non-Gaussian trait evolution models. Syst. Biol. 63, 397–408 (2014).
Felsenstein, J. A comparative method for both discrete and continuous characters using the threshold model. Am. Nat. 179, 145–156 (2012).
Google Scholar
Cody, M. L. A general theory of clutch size. Evolution 174–184 (1966).
Newton, I. The Migration Ecology of Birds. (Academic Press, 2010).
Newton, I. Speciation and Biogeography of Birds. (Academic Press, 2003).
Terrill, R. S., Seeholzer, G. F. & Wolfe, J. D. Evolution of breeding plumages in birds: a multiple-step pathway to seasonal dichromatism in New World warblers (Aves: Parulidae). Ecol. Evol. 10, 9223–9239 (2020).
Google Scholar
Fogden, M. P. L. The seasonality and population dynamics of equatorial forest birds in Sarawak. Ibis 114, 307–343 (1972).
Google Scholar
Kiat, Y., Davaasuren, B., Erdenechimeg, T., Troupin, D. & Sapir, N. Large-scale longitudinal climate gradient across the Palearctic region affects passerine feather moult extent. Ecography 44, 124–133 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kiat, Y., Vortman, Y. & Sapir, N. Feather moult and bird appearance are correlated with global warming over the last 200 years. Nat. Commun. 10, 1–7 (2019).
Google Scholar
Bojarinova, J. G., Lehikoinen, E. & Eeva, T. Dependence of postjuvenile moult on hatching date, condition and sex in the Great Tit. J. Avian Biol. 30, 437–446 (1999).
Google Scholar
Ryzhanovsky, V. N. Subspecies-specific features of molt in the Common Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) from Europe and Western Siberia. Russ. J. Ecol. 48, 268–274 (2017).
Google Scholar
Slavenko, A. et al. Global patterns of body size evolution in squamate reptiles are not driven by climate. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 28, 471–483 (2019).
Google Scholar
Graham, C. H., Storch, D. & Machac, A. Phylogenetic scale in ecology and evolution. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 27, 175–187 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hone, D. W. E., Dyke, G. J., Haden, M. & Benton, M. J. Body size evolution in Mesozoic birds. J. Evol. Biol. 21, 618–624 (2008).
Google Scholar
Xu, X. et al. An integrative approach to understanding bird origins. Science 346, 1253293 (2014).
Google Scholar
Berv, J. S. & Field, D. J. Genomic signature of an avian Lilliput effect across the K-Pg extinction. Syst. Biol. 67, 1–13 (2018).
Google Scholar
Dececchi, T. A. & Larsson, H. C. E. Body and limb size dissociation at the origin of birds: uncoupling allometric constraints across a macroevolutionary transition. Evolution 67, 2741–2752 (2013).
Google Scholar
Puttick, M. N., Thomas, G. H. & Benton, M. J. High rates of evolution preceded the origin of birds. Evolution 68, 1497–1510 (2014).
Google Scholar
Vizcaíno, S. F. & Fariña, R. A. On the flight capabilities and distribution of the giant Miocene bird Argentavis magnificens (Teratornithidae). Lethaia 32, 271–278 (1999).
Google Scholar
McNeill Alexander, R. All-time giants: the largest animals and their problems. Palaeontology 41, 1231–1246 (1998).
