Kroodsma, D. A. et al. Tracking the global footprint of fisheries. Science 359, 904–908 (2018).
Google Scholar
Luong, A. D., Dewulf, J. & De Laender, F. Quantifying the primary biotic resource use by fisheries: A global assessment. Sci. Total Environ. 719, 137352 (2020).
Google Scholar
Pauly, D. How the global fish market contributes to human micronutrient deficiencies. Nature 574, 41–42 (2019).
Google Scholar
FAO. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020 (FAO, 2020). https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en.
Google Scholar
Shin, Y.-J., Rochet, M.-J., Jennings, S., Field, J. G. & Gislason, H. Using size-based indicators to evaluate the ecosystem effects of fishing. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62, 384–396 (2005).
Perry, A. L. Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308, 1912–1915 (2005).
Google Scholar
Novaglio, C., Smith, A. D. M., Frusher, S. & Ferretti, F. Identifying historical baseline at the onset of exploitation to improve understanding of fishing impacts. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshwat. Ecosyst. 30, 475–485 (2020).
Nagelkerken, I. & Connell, S. D. Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 13272–13277 (2015).
Google Scholar
Nagelkerken, I., Goldenberg, S. U., Ferreira, C. M., Ullah, H. & Connell, S. D. Trophic pyramids reorganize when food web architecture fails to adjust to ocean change. Science 832, 829–832 (2020).
Google Scholar
Lemoine, N. P. & Burkepile, D. E. Temperature-induced mismatches between consumption and metabolism reduce consumer fitness. Ecology 93, 2483–2489 (2012).
Google Scholar
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C. & Walker, B. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413, 591–596 (2001).
Google Scholar
Moore, J. K. et al. Sustained climate warming drives declining marine biological productivity. Science 359, 1139–1143 (2018).
Google Scholar
Ullah, H., Nagelkerken, I., Goldenberg, S. U. & Fordham, D. A. Climate change could drive marine food web collapse through altered trophic flows and cyanobacterial proliferation. PLoS Biol. 16, e2003446 (2018).
Google Scholar
Wing, S. R., Durante, L. M., Connolly, A. J., Sabadel, A. J. M. & Wing, L. C. Overexploitation and decline in kelp forests inflate the bioenergetic costs of fisheries. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13448 (2021).
Google Scholar
Maureaud, A. et al. Global change in the trophic functioning of marine food webs. PLoS One 12, e0182826 (2017).
Google Scholar
Wernberg, T. et al. Climate-driven regime shift of a temperate marine ecosystem. Science 353, 169–172 (2016).
Google Scholar
Pauly, D. Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 430 (1995).
Google Scholar
Chown, S. L. Marine food webs destabilized. Science 369, 770–771 (2020).
Google Scholar
Saporiti, F. et al. Longer and less overlapping food webs in anthropogenically disturbed marine ecosystems: Confirmations from the past. PLoS One 9, 1–13 (2014).
Gilby, B. L. et al. Human actions alter tidal marsh seascapes and the provision of ecosystem services. Estuaries Coasts https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00830-0 (2020).
Google Scholar
Halpern, B. S. et al. Recent pace of change in human impact on the world’s ocean. Sci. Rep. 9, 11609 (2019).
Google Scholar
Durante, L. M., Beentjes, M. P. & Wing, S. R. Shifting trophic architecture of marine fisheries in New Zealand: Implications for guiding effective ecosystem-based management. Fish Fish. 21, 813–830 (2020).
Shears, N. T. & Bowen, M. M. Half a century of coastal temperature records reveal complex warming trends in western boundary currents. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–9 (2017).
Google Scholar
Wing, S. R. & Wing, E. Prehistoric fisheries in the Caribbean. Coral Reefs 20, 1–8 (2001).
Halpern, B. S. et al. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319, 948–952 (2008).
Google Scholar
Irwin, G. & Walrond, C. ‘When was New Zealand first settled?—Extinction and decline’. Te Ara—the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 8 (2016). http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/when-was-new-zealand-first-settled/page-7. Accessed 4 June 2019.
Johnson, D. & Haworth, J. Hooked—The Sory of New Zealand Fishing Industry (Hazard Press, 2004).
Urlich, S. C. & Handley, S. J. From ‘clean and green’ to ‘brown and down’: A synthesis of historical changes to biodiversity and marine ecosystems in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. Ocean Coast. Manage. 198, 105349 (2020).
Ramos, R. & González-Solís, J. Trace me if you can: The use of intrinsic biogeochemical markers in marine top predators. Front. Ecol. Environ. 10, 258–266 (2012).
Graham, D. H. Food of fishes of Otago Harbour and Adjacent Sea. R. Soc. N. Z. 20, 421–436 (1939).
Hanchet, S. Diet of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, on the east coast, South Island, New Zealand. J. Fish Biol. 39, 313–323 (1991).
Connell, A., Dunn, M. & Forman, J. Diet and dietary variation of New Zealand hoki Macruronus novaezelandiae. NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 44, 289–308 (2010).
Forman, J. & Dunn, M. The influence of ontogeny and environment on the diet of lookdown dory, Cyttus traversi. NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 44, 329–342 (2010).
Horn, P. L., Forman, J. S. & Dunn, M. R. Dietary partitioning by two sympatric fish species, red cod (Pseudophycis bachus) and sea perch ( Helicolenus percoides), on Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Mar. Biol. Res. 8, 624–634 (2012).
Fisheries New Zealand. Fisheries Assessment Plenary, May 2020: Stock Assessments and Stock Status (2020).
Ladds, M., Pinkerton, M. H., Jones, E., Durante, L. & Dunn, M. Relationship between morphometrics and trophic levels in deep-sea fishes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 637, 225–235 (2020).
Google Scholar
Durante, L. M. et al. Oceanographic transport along frontal zones forms carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isoscapes on the east coast of New Zealand : Implications for ecological studies. Cont. Shelf Res. 216, 1–15 (2021).
Funes, M., Irigoyen, A. J., Trobbiani, G. A. & Galván, D. E. Stable isotopes reveal different dependencies on benthic and pelagic pathways between Munida gregaria ecotypes. Food Webs 17, 1–9 (2018).
Zeldis, J. R. & Jillett, J. B. Aggregation of pelagic Munida gregaria (Fabricius) (Decapoda, Anomura) by coastal fronts and internal waves. J. Plankton Res. 4, 839–857 (1982).
Durante, L. M., Beentjes, M. P. & Wing, S. R. Decadal changes in exploited fish communities and their relationship with temperature, fisheries exploitation, and ecological traits in New Zealand waters. NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 10, 1–27 (2021).
Prugh, L. R. et al. The rise of the mesopredator. Bioscience 59, 779–791 (2009).
Chiswell, S. M. & Sutton, P. J. H. Relationships between long-term ocean warming, marine heat waves and primary production in the New Zealand region. NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2020.1713181 (2020).
Google Scholar
Thomsen, M. S. et al. Local extinction of bull kelp (Durvillaea spp.) due to a marine heatwave. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 1–10 (2019).
Pinkerton, M. H. et al. Changes to the food-web of the Hauraki Gulf during the period of human occupation: A mass-balance model approach. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 160. (2015).
Garrison, L. Fishing effects on spatial distribution and trophic guild structure of the fish community in the Georges Bank region. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 723–730 (2000).
Link, J. S. & Garrison, L. P. Changes in piscivory associated with fishing induced changes to the finfish community on Georges Bank. Fish. Res. 55, 71–86 (2002).
Wainright, S. C., Fogarty, M. J., Greenfield, R. C. & Fry, B. Long-term changes in the Georges Bank food web: Trends in stable isotopic compositions of fish scales. Mar. Biol. 115, 481–493 (1993).
Udy, J. A. et al. Regional differences in supply of organic matter from kelp forests drive trophodynamics of temperate reef fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 621, 19–32 (2019).
Google Scholar
Koenigs, C., Miller, R. & Page, H. Top predators rely on carbon derived from giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 537, 1–8 (2015).
Google Scholar
Clark, M. R., Anderson, O. F., Chris Francis, R. I. C. & Tracey, D. M. The effects of commercial exploitation on orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) from the continental slope of the Chatham Rise, New Zealand, from 1979 to 1997. Fish. Res. 45, 217–238 (2000).
Fenaughty, J. M. & Bagley, N. M. WJ Scott New Zealand Trawling Survey—South Island East Coast. Technical Report 157. (1981).
Brodeur, R. & Pearcy, W. Effects of environmental variability on trophic interactions and food web structure in a pelagic upwelling ecosystem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 84, 101–119 (1992).
Google Scholar
Tam, J., Purca, S., Duarte, L. O., Blaskovic, V. & Espinoza, P. Changes in the diet of hake associated with El Niño 1997–1998 in the northern Humboldt Current ecosystem. Adv. Geosci. 6, 63–67 (2006).
Murphy, R. J., Pinkerton, M. H., Richardson, K. M., Bradford-Grieve, J. M. & Boyd, P. W. Phytoplankton distributions around New Zealand derived from SeaWiFS remotely-sensed ocean colour data. NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 35, 343–362 (2001).
Zeldis, J. Ecology of Munida gregaria (Decapoda, Anomura) distribution and abundance, population dynamics and fisheries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 22, 77–99 (1985).
Google Scholar
Williams, B. G. The effect of the environment on the morphology of Munida Gregaria (Fabricius) (Decapoda, Anomura). Crustaceana 24, 197–210 (1973).
Myers, R. A., Baum, J. K., Shepherd, T. D., Powers, S. P. & Peterson, C. H. Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean. Science 315, 1846–1850 (2007).
Google Scholar
Udy, J. A. et al. Organic matter derived from kelp supports a large proportion of biomass in temperate rocky reef fish communities: Implications for ecosystem-based management. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 29, 1503–1519 (2019).
Jackson, J. B. C. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293, 629–637 (2001).
Google Scholar
Kirby, R. R., Beaugrand, G. & Lindley, J. A. Synergistic effects of climate and fishing in a marine ecosystem. Ecosystems 12, 548–561 (2009).
MacGibbon, D. J., Beentjes, M. P., Lyon, W. L. & Ladroit, Y. Inshore trawl survey of Canterbury Bight and Pegasus Bay, April–June 2018 (KAH1803). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2019/03. (2019).
Stevens, W. D., O’Driscoll, R. L., Ballara, S. L. & Schimel, A. C. G. Trawl survey of hoki and middle-depth species on the Chatham Rise, January 2018 (TAN1801). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2018/41. (2018).
Durante, L. M., Sabadel, A. J. M., Frew, R. D., Ingram, T. & Wing, S. R. Effects of fixatives on stable isotopes of fish muscle tissue: Implications for trophic studies on preserved specimens. Ecol. Appl. 30, 1–16 (2020).
Post, D. M. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: Models, methods, and assumptions. Ecology 83, 703–718 (2002).
Post, D. M. et al. Getting to the fat of the matter: Models, methods and assumptions for dealing with lipids in stable isotope analyses. Oecologia 152, 179–189 (2007).
Google Scholar
Verburg, P. The need to correct for the Suess effect in the application of δ13C in sediment of autotrophic Lake Tanganyika, as a productivity proxy in the Anthropocene. J. Paleolimnol. 37, 591–602 (2007).
Google Scholar
Keeling, C. D. The Suess effect: 13Carbon-14Carbon interrelations. Environ. Int. 2, 229–300 (1979).
Google Scholar
Sabadel, A., Durante, L. & Wing, S. Stable isotopes of amino acids from reef fishes uncover Suess and nitrogen enrichment effects on local ecosystems. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 647, 149–160 (2020).
Google Scholar
Eide, M., Olsen, A., Ninnemann, U. S. & Eldevik, T. A global estimate of the full oceanic 13C Suess effect since the preindustrial. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 31, 492–514 (2017).
Google Scholar
McMahon, K. W. & McCarthy, M. D. Embracing variability in amino acid δ15N fractionation: Mechanisms, implications, and applications for trophic ecology. Ecosphere 7, 1–26 (2016).
Chikaraishi, Y. et al. Determination of aquatic food-web structure based on compound-specific nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 7, 740–750 (2009).
Google Scholar
Whiteman, J. P., Smith, E. A. E., Besser, A. C. & Newsome, S. D. A guide to using compound-specific stable isotope analysis to study the fates of molecules in organisms and ecosystems. Diversity 11, 1–18 (2019).
Hilton, G. M. et al. A stable isotopic investigation into the causes of decline in a sub-Antarctic predator, the rockhopper penguin. Glob. Change Biol. 12, 611–625 (2006).
Google Scholar
Lorrain, A. et al. Nitrogen and carbon isotope values of individual amino acids: A tool to study foraging ecology of penguins in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 391, 293–306 (2009).
Google Scholar
Quillfeldt, P. & Masello, J. F. Compound-specific stable isotope analyses in Falkland Islands seabirds reveal seasonal changes in trophic positions. BMC Ecol. 20, 1–12 (2020).
Sabadel, A. J. M., Woodward, E. M. S., Van Hale, R. & Frew, R. D. Compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids: A tool to unravel complex symbiotic trophic relationships. Food Webs 6, 9–18 (2016).
Styring, A. K. et al. Practical considerations in the determination of compound-specific amino acid δ15N values in animal and plant tissues by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, following derivatisation to their N-acetylisopropyl e. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 26, 2328–2334 (2012).
Google Scholar
Coplen, T. B. Guidelines and recommended terms for expression of stable-isotope-ratio and gas-ratio measurement results. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 25, 2538–2560 (2011).
Google Scholar
Phillips, D. L. & Gregg, J. W. J. W. Uncertainty in source partitioning using stable isotopes. Oecologia 127, 171–179 (2001).
Google Scholar
Jack, L. & Wing, S. R. Individual variability in trophic position and diet of a marine omnivore is linked to kelp bed habitat. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 443, 129–139 (2011).
Google Scholar
McCutchan, J. H., Lewis, W. M., Kendall, C. & McGrath, C. C. Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Oikos 102, 378–390 (2003).
Google Scholar
Hussey, N. E. et al. Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs. Ecol. Lett. 17, 239–250 (2014).
Google Scholar
McMahon, K. W., Thorrold, S. R., Elsdon, T. S. & Mccarthy, M. D. Trophic discrimination of nitrogen stable isotopes in amino acids varies with diet quality in a marine fish. Limnol. Oceanogr. 60, 1076–1087 (2015).
Google Scholar
Jackson, A. L., Inger, R., Parnell, A. C. & Bearhop, S. Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER—Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R. J. Anim. Ecol. 80, 595–602 (2011).
Google Scholar
Layman, C. A., Arrington, D. A., Montaña, C. G. & Post, D. M. Can stable isotope ratios provide for community-wide measures of trophic structure?. Ecology 88, 42–48 (2007).
Google Scholar
Wold, S., Sjöström, M. & Eriksson, L. PLS-regression: A basic tool of chemometrics. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 58, 109–130 (2001).
Google Scholar
Anderson, M., Gorley, R. N. & Clarke, K. R. PERMANOVA + for PRIMER: Guide to Software and Statistical Methods. 1, 1:218 (2008).
Mullan, A. Influence of Southern Oscillation on New Zealand Weather. In Proceedings of Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA-COARE (1996).
Francis, M. P., Hurst, R. J., McArdle, B. H., Bagley, N. W. & Anderson, O. F. New Zealand demersal fish assemblages. Environ. Biol. Fishes 65, 215–234 (2002).
Beentjes, M. P., Bull, B., Hurst, R. J. & Bagley, N. W. Demersal fish assemblages along the continental shelf and upper slope of the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 36, 197–223 (2002).
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (2020).
SAS Institute. JMP. (2018).
Clarke, K. R. & Gorley, R. N. PRIMER v6: User Manual/Tutorial. (PRIMER-E, 2006).
Source: Ecology - nature.com