Rahman, M. A. et al. Comparing the infiltration potentials of soils beneath the canopies of two contrasting urban tree species. Urban For. Urban Green. 38, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.11.002 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zölch, T., Henze, L., Keilholz, P. & Pauleit, S. Regulating urban surface runoff through nature-based solutions – An assessment at the micro-scale. Environ. Res. 157, 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.023 (2017).
Google Scholar
Barron, O. V., Barr, A. D. & Donn, M. J. Effect of urbanisation on the water balance of a catchment with shallow groundwater. J. Hydrol. 485, 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.027 (2013).
Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, B. R. et al. The value of urban flood modeling. Earth’s Future 9, e2020EF001739. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001739 (2021).
Google Scholar
Pauleit, S., Fryd, O., Backhaus, A. & Jensen, M. B. In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (ed. Meyers, R. A.) 1–29 (Springer, 2020).
Rahman, M. A. et al. Traits of trees for cooling urban heat islands: A meta-analysis. Build. Environ. 170, 106606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106606 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ziter, C. D., Pedersen, E. J., Kucharik, C. J. & Turner, M. G. Scale-dependent interactions between tree canopy cover and impervious surfaces reduce daytime urban heat during summer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 7575–7580. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817561116 (2019).
Google Scholar
Waldrop, M. M. News feature: The quest for the sustainable city. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 17134–17138. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912802116 (2019).
Google Scholar
Cleugh, H. A., Bui, E., Simon, D., Xu, J. & Mitchell, V. G. The Impact of Suburban Design on Water Use and Microclimate (2005).
Chan, F. K. S. et al. “Sponge City” in China—A breakthrough of planning and flood risk management in the urban context. Land Use Policy 76, 772–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.005 (2018).
Google Scholar
Morgan, R. P. C. Soil Erosion and Conservation (Wiley, 2005).
Xu, C. et al. Surface runoff in urban areas: The role of residential cover and urban growth form. J. Clean. Prod. 262, 121421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121421 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ostoić, S. K. & van den Bosch, C. C. K. Exploring global scientific discourses on urban forestry. Urban For. Urban Green. 14, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.01.001 (2015).
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. A. et al. Tree cooling effects and human thermal comfort under contrasting species and sites. Agric. For. Meteorol. 287, 107947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107947 (2020).
Google Scholar
Rötzer, T., Rahman, M. A., Moser-Reischl, A., Pauleit, S. & Pretzsch, H. Process based simulation of tree growth and ecosystem services of urban trees under present and future climate conditions. Sci. Total Environ. 676, 651–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.235 (2019).
Google Scholar
Grote, R. et al. Functional traits of urban trees: Air pollution mitigation potential. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14, 543–550. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1426 (2016).
Google Scholar
Pace, R. et al. A single tree model to consistently simulate cooling, shading, and pollution uptake of urban trees. Int. J. Biometeorol. 65, 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-02030-8 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kuehler, E., Hathaway, J. & Tirpak, A. Quantifying the benefits of urban forest systems as a component of the green infrastructure stormwater treatment network. Ecohydrology https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1813 (2017).
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. A., Moser, A., Gold, A., Rötzer, T. & Pauleit, S. Vertical air temperature gradients under the shade of two contrasting urban tree species during different types of summer days. Sci. Total Environ. 633, 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.168 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. A., Smith, J. G., Stringer, P. & Ennos, A. R. Effect of rooting conditions on the growth and cooling ability of Pyrus calleryana. Urban For. Urban Green. 10, 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.05.003 (2011).
Google Scholar
Schellekens, J., Scatena, F. N., Bruijnzeel, L. A. & Wickel, A. J. Modelling rainfall interception by a lowland tropical rain forest in northeastern Puerto Rico. J. Hydrol. 225, 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00157-2 (1999).
Google Scholar
Guevara-Escobar, A., González-Sosa, E., Véliz-Chávez, C., Ventura-Ramos, E. & Ramos-Salinas, M. Rainfall interception and distribution patterns of gross precipitation around an isolated Ficus benjamina tree in an urban area. J. Hydrol. 333, 532–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.017 (2007).
Google Scholar
Xiao, Q. F. & McPherson, E. G. Surface water storage capacity of twenty tree species in Davis, California. J. Environ. Qual. 45, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.02.0092 (2016).
Google Scholar
Xiao, Q. F., McPherson, E. G., Ustin, S. L. & Grismer, M. E. A new approach to modeling tree rainfall interception. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 105, 29173–29188. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900343 (2000).
Google Scholar
Carlyle-Moses, D. E. & Gash, J. H. C. In Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry: Synthesis of Past Research and Future Directions (eds Levia, D. F. et al.) 407–423 (Springer, 2011).
Google Scholar
Hirano, T. et al. The difference in the short-term runoff characteristic between the coniferous catchment and the deciduous catchment: The effects of storm size on storm generation processes of small forested catchment. J. Jpn. Soc. Hydrol. Water Resour. 22, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.3178/jjshwr.22.24 (2009).
Google Scholar
Chandler, K. R. & Chappell, N. A. Influence of individual oak (Quercus robur) trees on saturated hydraulic conductivity. For. Ecol. Manage. 256, 1222–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.033 (2008).
Google Scholar
Stewart, I. D. A systematic review and scientific critique of methodology in modern urban heat island literature. Int. J. Climatol. 31, 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2141 (2011).
Google Scholar
Beck, H. E. et al. Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Sci. Data 5, 180214. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.214 (2018).
Google Scholar
Moreno-de las Heras, M., Nicolau, J. M., Merino-Martín, L. & Wilcox, B. P. Plot-scale effects on runoff and erosion along a slope degradation gradient. Water Resour. Res. 46, W04503. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007875 (2010).
Google Scholar
Wu, L., Peng, M., Qiao, S. & Ma, X.-Y. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff and sediment yield characteristics of bare loess soil. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 3480–3487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0713-8 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rutter, A. J., Kershaw, K. A., Robins, P. C. & Morton, A. J. A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests, 1. Derivation of the model from observations in a plantation of Corsican pine. Agric. Meteorol. 9, 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1571(71)90034-3 (1971).
Google Scholar
Gash, J. H. C. An analytical model of rainfall interception by forests. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 105, 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710544304 (1979).
Google Scholar
Véliz-Chávez, C., Mastachi-Loza, C. A., Gonzalez-Sosa, E., Becerril-Pia, R. & Ramos-Salinas, N. M. Canopy storage implications on interception loss modeling. Am. J. Plant Sci. 05, 3032–3048. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.520320 (2014).
Google Scholar
Fan, J., Oestergaard, K. T., Guyot, A. & Lockington, D. A. Measuring and modeling rainfall interception losses by a native Banksia woodland and an exotic pine plantation in subtropical coastal Australia. J. Hydrol. 515, 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.066 (2014).
Google Scholar
Ghimire, C. P., Bruijnzeel, L. A., Lubczynski, M. W. & Bonell, M. Rainfall interception by natural and planted forests in the Middle Mountains of Central Nepal. J. Hydrol. 475, 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.051 (2012).
Google Scholar
Pereira, F. L. et al. Modelling interception loss from evergreen oak Mediterranean savannas: Application of a tree-based modelling approach. Agric. For. Meteorol. 149, 680–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.014 (2009).
Google Scholar
Pypker, T. G., Bond, B. J., Link, T. E., Marks, D. & Unsworth, M. H. The importance of canopy structure in controlling the interception loss of rainfall: Examples from a young and an old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 130, 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.03.003 (2005).
Google Scholar
Ringgaard, R., Herbst, M. & Friborg, T. Partitioning forest evapotranspiration: Interception evaporation and the impact of canopy structure, local and regional advection. J. Hydrol. 517, 677–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.007 (2014).
Google Scholar
Price, A. G. & Carlyle-Moses, D. E. Measurement and modelling of growing-season canopy water fluxes in a mature mixed deciduous forest stand, southern Ontario, Canada. Agric. For. Meteorol. 119, 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00117-5 (2003).
Google Scholar
Fathizadeh, O., Hosseini, S. M., Zimmermann, A., Keim, R. F. & Darvishi Boloorani, A. Estimating linkages between forest structural variables and rainfall interception parameters in semi-arid deciduous oak forest stands. Sci. Total Environ. 601–602, 1824–1837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.233 (2017).
Google Scholar
Livesley, S. J., Baudinette, B. & Glover, D. Rainfall interception and stem flow by eucalypt street trees—the impacts of canopy density and bark type. Urban For. Urban Green. 13, 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2013.09.001 (2014).
Google Scholar
Xiao, Q. & McPherson, E. G. Rainfall interception by Santa Monica’s municipal urban forest. Urban Ecosyst. 6, 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:UECO.0000004828.05143.67 (2002).
Google Scholar
Rohatgi, A. WebPlotDigitizer (4.4), 2020).
Team, R. C. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2020).
García-Palacios, P., Gross, N., Gaitán, J. & Maestre, F. T. Climate mediates the biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationship globally. PNAS 115, 8400–8405. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800425115 (2018).
Google Scholar
Le Provost, G. et al. Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups. PNAS 117, 1573–1579. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910023117 (2020).
Google Scholar
El Kateb, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, P. & Mosandl, R. Soil erosion and surface runoff on different vegetation covers and slope gradients: A field experiment in Southern Shaanxi Province, China. CATENA 105, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.12.012 (2013).
Google Scholar
Oliveira, P. T. S. et al. The water balance components of undisturbed tropical woodlands in the Brazilian cerrado. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 19, 2899–2910. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2899-2015 (2014).
Google Scholar
Hümann, M. et al. Identification of runoff processes – The impact of different forest types and soil properties on runoff formation and floods. J. Hydrol. 409, 637–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.067 (2011).
Google Scholar
Sun, D. et al. Soil erosion and water retention varies with plantation type and age. For. Ecol. Manage. 422, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.048 (2018).
Google Scholar
Jost, G., Schume, H., Hager, H., Markart, G. & Kohl, B. A hillslope scale comparison of tree species influence on soil moisture dynamics and runoff processes during intense rainfall. J. Hydrol. 420–421, 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.057 (2012).
Google Scholar
Sadeghi, S. M. M., Attarod, P., Van Stan, J. T. & Pypker, T. G. The importance of considering rainfall partitioning in afforestation initiatives in semiarid climates: A comparison of common planted tree species in Tehran, Iran. Sci. Total Environ. 568, 845–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.048 (2016).
Google Scholar
Pretzsch, H. et al. Climate change accelerates growth of urban trees in metropolises worldwide. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14831-w (2017).
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. A., Moser, A., Rötzer, T. & Pauleit, S. Microclimatic differences and their influence on transpirational cooling of Tilia cordata in two contrasting street canyons in Munich, Germany. Agric. For. Meteorol. 232, 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.10.006 (2017).
Google Scholar
Nytch, C. J., Meléndez-Ackerman, E. J., Pérez, M. E. & Ortiz-Zayas, J. R. Rainfall interception by six urban trees in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Urban Ecosyst. 22, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0768-4 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. A. et al. Comparative analysis of shade and underlying surfaces on cooling effect. Urban For. Urban Green. 63, 127223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127223 (2021).
Google Scholar
Chen, L., Zhang, Z. & Ewers, B. E. Urban tree species show the same hydraulic response to vapor pressure deficit across varying tree size and environmental conditions. PLoS One https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047882 (2012).
Google Scholar
Moser-Reischl, A., Rahman, M. A., Pauleit, S., Pretzsch, H. & Rötzer, T. Growth patterns and effects of urban micro-climate on two physiologically contrasting urban tree species. Landsc. Urban Plan. 183, 88–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.11.004 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hao, M. et al. Impacts of changes in vegetation on saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil in subtropical forests. Sci. Rep. 9, 8372. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44921-w (2019).
Google Scholar
Peters, E. B., McFadden, J. P. & Montgomery, R. A. Biological and environmental controls on tree transpiration in a suburban landscape. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jg001266 (2010).
Google Scholar
Komatsu, H., Kume, T. & Otsuki, K. Increasing annual runoff—broadleaf or coniferous forests?. Hydrol. Process. 25, 302–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7898 (2011).
Google Scholar
Li, X. et al. Process-based rainfall interception by small trees in Northern China: The effect of rainfall traits and crown structure characteristics. Agric. For. Meteorol. 218–219, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.11.017 (2016).
Google Scholar
Lukaszkiewicz, J. & Kosmala, M. Determining the age of streetside trees with diameter at breast height-based multifactorial model. Arboricult. Urban For. 34, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.018 (2008).
Google Scholar
Buttle, J. M. & Farnsworth, A. G. Measurement and modeling of canopy water partitioning in a reforested landscape: The Ganaraska Forest, southern Ontario, Canada. J. Hydrol. 466–467, 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.021 (2012).
Google Scholar
Yang, B., Lee, D. K., Heo, H. K. & Biging, G. The effects of tree characteristics on rainfall interception in urban areas. Landsc. Ecol. Eng. 15, 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-019-00383-w (2019).
Google Scholar
Klamerus-Iwan, A. & Witek, W. Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L). Water 10, 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060695 (2018).
Google Scholar
Van Stan, J. T., Siegert, C. M., Levia, D. F. & Scheick, C. E. Effects of wind-driven rainfall on stemflow generation between codominant tree species with differing crown characteristics. Agric. For. Meteorol. 151, 1277–1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.008 (2011).
Google Scholar
Selbig, W. R. et al. Quantifying the stormwater runoff volume reduction benefits of urban street tree canopy. Sci. Total Environ. 806, 151296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151296 (2022).
Google Scholar
Centre for Watershed Protection. Review of the Available Literature and Data on the Runoff and Pollutant Removal Capabilities of Urban Trees (Center for Watershed Protection, 2017).
Berland, A. et al. The role of trees in urban stormwater management. Landsc. Urban Plan. 162, 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.02.017 (2017).
Google Scholar
Pauleit, S. Urban street tree plantings: Indentifying the key requirements. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Municipal Eng. 156, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1680/muen.2003.156.1.43 (2003).
Google Scholar
Weller, M. Tree Inventory Data of Central European Cities—Studies on the Composition and Structure of Urban Tree Populations and Derivation of Ecosystem Services. MSC thesis, Technical University of Munich, Germany (2021).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
