in

Response of woody vegetation to bush thinning on freehold farmlands in north-central Namibia

  • MAWF. National Rangeland Management Policy & Strategy. Restoring Namibia’s Rangelands (2012).

  • SAIEA. Strategic environmental assessment of large-scale bush thinning and value-addition activities in Namibia. (2016).

  • de Klerk, J. N. Bush Encroachment in Namibia. Report on Phase 1 of the Bush Encroachment Research, Monitoring and Management Project. (2004).

  • Muntifering, J. R. et al. Managing the matrix for large carnivores: A novel approach and perspective from cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) habitat suitability modelling. Anim. Conserv. 9, 103–112 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Marker, L. L., Dickman, A. J., Mills, M. G. L., Jeo, R. M. & Macdonald, D. W. Spatial ecology of cheetahs on north-central Namibian farmlands. J. Zool. 274, 226–238 (2008).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. et al. Impacts of juniper woody plant encroachment into grasslands on local climate. Agric. For. Meteorol. 307, 108508 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, X. et al. Effect of shrub encroachment on land surface temperature in semi-arid areas of temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Agric. For. Meteorol. 320, 108943 (2022).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, X. et al. Vegetation greening, extended growing seasons, and temperature feedbacks in warming temperate grasslands of China. J. Clim. 35, 5103–5117 (2022).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Martins, A. R. O. & Shackleton, C. M. Population structure and harvesting selection of two palm species ( Hyphaene coriacea and Phoenix reclinata ) in Zitundo area, southern Mozambique. For. Ecol. Manage. 398, 64–74 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. W., Murphy, A., Fanson, B. & Tolsma, A. The influence of different restoration thinning treatments on tree growth in a depleted forest system. For. Ecol. Manage. 437, 10–16 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, A. Influences of trees on savanna productivity: Tests of shade, nutrients and grass–tree competition. Ecology 75, 922–932 (1994).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagos, M. G. & Smit, G. N. Soil enrichment by Acacia mellifera subsp. detinens on nutrient poor sandy soil in a semi-arid southern African savanna. J. Arid Environ. 61, 47–59 (2005).

  • Ludwig, F., Kroon, H. D., Berendse, F. & Prins, H. H. T. The influence of savanna trees on nutrient, water and light availability and the understorey vegetation. Plant Ecol. 170, 93–105 (2004).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridolfi, L., Laio, F., D’Odorico, P. & D’Odorico, P. Fertility island formation and evolution in dryland ecosystems. Ecol. Soc. 13, 13 (2008).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiegand, K., Ward, D. & Saltz, D. Multi-scale patterns and bush encroachment in an arid savanna with a shallow soil layer. J. Veg. Sci. 16, 311–320 (2005).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, A. Savanna trees in Namibia – Factors controlling their distribution at the arid end of the spectrum. Flora Morphol. Distrib. Funct. Ecol. Plants 201, 181–201 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buyer, J. S., Schmidt-Küntzel, A., Nghikembua, M., Maul, J. E. & Marker, L. Soil microbial communities following bush removal in a Namibian savanna. Soil 2, 101–110 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi, V. & Soni, P. A review on the role of soil microbial biomass in eco-restoration of degraded ecosystem with special reference to mining areas. J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 151–158 (2011). https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i1.173.

  • Smit, G. N. An approach to tree thinning to structure southern African savannas’ for long-term restoration from bush encroachment. J. Environ. Manage. 71, 179–191 (2004).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • MAWF. Forestry and environmental authorisation process for bush harvesting projects. 34 (2017).

  • Smit, G. N., de Klerk, J. N., Schneider, M. B. & van Eck, J. Detailed assessment of the biomass resource and potential yield in a selected bush encroached area of Namibia. 141 (2015).

  • Marker, L. et al. and Distribution. in Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation: Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes (eds. Marker, L., Boast, L. k. & Schmidt-Küntzel, A.) 9–20 (John Fedor, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00004-6.

  • NAPHA. Namibia Professional Hunting Association. http://www.napha-namibia.com/conservation/huntable-species/carnivora/ (2015).

  • SWA. Nature Conservation Ordinance, 1975 (No. 4 of 1975). vol. 1975 (1975).

  • Marker, L. et al. The status of Key pre species and the Consequences of Prey Loss for Cheetah Conservation in North and West Africa. in Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation: Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. (eds. Marker, L., Boast, L. k. & Schmidt-Küntzel, A.) 151–161 (John Fedor, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00004-6.

  • Kiruki, H. M., van der Zanden, E. H., Gikuma-Njuru, P. & Verburg, P. H. The effect of charcoal production and other land uses on diversity, structure and regeneration of woodlands in a semi-arid area in Kenya. For. Ecol. Manage. 391, 282–295 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmse, C. J., Kellner, K. & Dreber, N. Restoring productive rangelands: A comparative assessment of selective and non-selective chemical bush control in a semi-arid Kalahari savanna. J. Arid Environ. 135, 39–49 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nghikembua, M. T. et al. Response of wildlife to bush thinning on the north central freehold farmlands of Namibia. For. Ecol. Manage. 473, 118330 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Soto-Shoender, J. R., McCleery, R. A., Monadjem, A. & Gwinn, D. C. The importance of grass cover for mammalian diversity and habitat associations in a bush encroached savanna. Biol. Conserv. 221, 127–136 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Strohbach, B. J. Environmental information service, Namibia for the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, the Namibian Chamber of Environment and the Namibia University of Contribution to the knowledge of southern African Lepismatidae. Namibian J. Environ. 8327, 14–33 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smit, N. BECVOL 3: An expansion of the aboveground biomass quantification model for trees and shrubs to include the wood component. Afr. J. Range Forage Sci. 31, 179–186 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, I. Causes and Consequences of Fenceline Contrasts in Namibia. (Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 2009).

  • Dwyer, J. M. & Mason, R. Plant community responses to thinning in densely regenerating Acacia harpophylla forest. Restor. Ecol. 26, 97–105 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, S. C. & Martin, A. R. Carbon content of tree tissues: A synthesis. Forests 3, 332–352 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chave, J. et al. Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 3177–3190 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Djomo, A. N. & Chimi, C. D. Tree allometric equations for estimation of above, below and total biomass in a tropical moist forest: Case study with application to remote sensing. For. Ecol. Manage. 391, 184–193 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganamé, M., Bayen, P., Dimobe, K., Ouédraogo, I. & Thiombiano, A. Aboveground biomass allocation, additive biomass and carbon sequestration models for Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. in Burkina Faso. Heliyon 6, (2020).

  • Picard, N., Saint-André, L. & Henry, M. Manual for building tree volume and biomass allometric equations: From field measurement to prediction. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement. (2012).

  • Feyisa, K. et al. Allometric equations for predicting above-ground biomass of selected woody species to estimate carbon in East African rangelands. Agrofor. Syst. 92, 599–621 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Boys, J. M. & Smit, N. G. Development of an Excel Based Bush Biomass Quantification Tool. (2020).

  • Ngomanda, A. et al. Site-specific versus pantropical allometric equations: Which option to estimate the biomass of a moist central African forest?. For. Ecol. Manage. 312, 1–9 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • CCF. Cheetah Conservation Fund Bush PTY (Ltd). https://bushblok.com/management-plan (2019).

  • Wykstra, M. et al. Improved and Alternative Livelihoods: Links Between Poverty Alleviation, Biodiversity, and Cheetah Conservation. in Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation: Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes (eds. Marker, L., Boast, L. k. & Schmidt-Küntzel, A.) 223–237 (John Fedor, 2018).

  • Zimmermann, I. et al. The influence of two levels of debushing in Namibia’s Thornbush Savanna on overall soil fertility, measured through bioassays. Namibian J. Environ. 1, 52–59 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nghikembua, M. T. et al. Restoration thinning reduces bush encroachment on freehold farmlands in north-central Namibia. For. An Int. J. For. Res. 1–14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab009.

  • Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302–4315 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn, J., Jarvis, A., Roberts, C. & Robertson, T. Atlas of Namibia: A portrait of the land and its people. (2003).

  • Curtis, B. A. & Mannheimer, C. A. Tree Atlas of Namibia; National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI). (National Botanical Research Institute, 2005).

  • Mannheimer, C. & Curtis, B. Le Roux and Muller’s Field Guide to the Trees & Shrubs of Namibia. (Macmillan Education Namibia (PTY) LTD, 2009).

  • Honsbein, D., Shiningavamwe, K., Iikela, J. & de la Puerta Fernandez, Maria, L. Animal Feed from Namibian Encroacher Bush. (2017).

  • Coates Palgrave, K. Trees of Southern Africa. (Struik publishers, 1993).

  • Nghikembua, M., Harris, J., Tregenza, T. & Marker, L. Spatial and temporal habitat use by GPS collared male cheetahs in modified bushland habitat. Open J. For. 06, 269–280 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D. Modern Applied Statistics with S. (Springer, 2002).

  • Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1–48 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehtatalo, L. & Lappi, J. Forest biometrics with examples in R. (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020).

  • R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2021).

  • Birch, C. & Middleton, A. Economics of Land Degradation Related To Bush Encroachment in Namibia. (2017).

  • Neke, K. S., Owen-Smith, N. & Witkowski, E. T. F. Comparative resprouting response of Savanna woody plant species following harvesting: the value of persistence. For. Ecol. Manage. 232, 114–123 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smit, N. Response of Colophospermum mopane to different intensities of tree thinning in the Mopane Bushveld of southern Africa. Afr. J. Range Forage Sci. 31, 173–177 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • DAS. Bush Control Manual. (John Meinert Printing, 2017).

  • Leinonen, A. Wood chip production technology and costs for fuel in Namibia. VTT Tiedotteita – Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (2007).

  • Chakanga, M. A preliminary analysis of the Economic Plots Research Data of the CCF Bush Project. (2003).

  • West, P. W. Thinning. in Growing Plantation Forests vol. 9783319018 115–129 (Springer International Publishing, 2014).

  • Dwyer, J. M., Fensham, R. & Buckley, Y. M. Restoration thinning accelerates structural development and carbon sequestration in an endangered Australian ecosystem. J. Appl. Ecol. 47, 681–691 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Groengroeft, A., de Blécourt, M., Classen, N., Landschreiber, L. & Eschenbach, A. Acacia trees modify soil water dynamics and the potential groundwater recharge in savanna ecosystems. in Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa – assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions (ed. (eds. Revermann, R. et al.) 177–186 (Klaus Hess Publishers, 2018).

  • Richter, C. G. F., Snyman, H. A. & Smit, G. N. The influence of tree density on the grass layer of three semi-arid savanna types of southern africa. Afr. J. Range Forage Sci. 18, 103–109 (2001).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, W. et al. The economics of landscape restoration: Benefits of controlling bush encroachment and invasive plant species in South Africa and Namibia. Ecosyst. Serv. 27, 193–202 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Joubert, D. F., Smit, G. N. & Hoffman, M. T. The influence of rainfall, competition and predation on seed production, germination and establishment of an encroaching Acacia in an arid Namibian savanna. J. Arid Environ. 91, 7–13 (2013).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar 


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    New MIT internships expand research opportunities in Africa

    Bacterial response to glucose addition: growth and community structure in seawater microcosms from North Pacific Ocean