Zooming in at fine spatial scales reveals that pathogens spread through close contact can produce striking variation in infection rates among groups of host animals just metres apart, which drives hidden epidemics and population collapse.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access through your institution
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Levin, S. A. Ecology 73, 1943–1967 (1992).
Google Scholar
Cohen, J. M. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E3359–E3364 (2016).
Google Scholar
Altizer, S. et al. Ecol. Lett. 9, 467–484 (2006).
Google Scholar
Valenzuela-Sánchez, A. et al. Nat. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02930-1 (2026).
Google Scholar
Scheele, B. C. et al. Science 363, 1459–1463 (2019).
Google Scholar
Valenzuela-Sánchez, A. et al. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 284, 20171176 (2017).
Salkeld, D. J., Salathé, M., Stapp, P. & Jones, J. H. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14247–14250 (2010).
Google Scholar
Buttimer, S. et al. Glob. Change Biol. 31, e70275 (2025).
Google Scholar
Weldon, C. et al. Afr. J. Herpetol. 69, 151–164 (2020).
Google Scholar
Barrile, G. M. et al. Biol. Conserv. 261, 109247 (2021).
Google Scholar
Miller, M. W. et al. J. Wildl. Dis. 36, 676–690 (2000).
Google Scholar
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
Reprints and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barrile, G.M. Hidden outbreaks in an amphibian pandemic.
Nat Ecol Evol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02950-x
Published:
Version of record:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02950-x
Source: Ecology - nature.com
