Kruuk, H. Foraging and spatial-organization of European badger, Meles meles L. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 4, 75–89, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00302562 (1978).
Kruuk, H. Spatial organization and territorial behavior of European badger Meles meles. Journal of Zoology 184, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03262.x (1978).
Pope, L. C., Domingo-Roura, X., Erven, K. & Burke, T. Isolation by distance and gene flow in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) at both a local and broad scale. Molecular Ecology 15, 371–386, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02815.x (2006).
Rogers, L. M. et al. Movement of badgers (Meles meles) in a high-density population: individual, population and disease effects. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 265, 1269–1276, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0429 (1998).
Huck, M., Frantz, A. C., Dawson, D. A., Burke, T. & Roper, T. J. Low genetic variability, female-biased dispersal and high movement rates in an urban population of Eurasian badgers Meles meles. Journal of Animal Ecology 77, 905–915, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01415.x (2008).
Gaughran, A. et al. Dispersal patterns in a medium-density Irish badger population: Implications for understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission. Ecology and Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5753 (2019).
Christian, S. F. Dispersal and other intergroup movements in badgers, Meles meles. Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde-International Journal of Mammalian Biology 59, 218–223 (1994).
Roper, T. J. Badger. (HarperCollins, 2010).
Carpenter, P. J. et al. Mating system of the Eurasian badger, Meles meles, in a high density population. Molecular Ecology 14, 273–284, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02401.x (2005).
Dugdale, H. L., Macdonald, D. W., Pope, L. C. & Burke, T. Polygynandry, extra-group paternity and multiple-paternity litters in European badger (Meles meles) social groups. Molecular Ecology 16, 5294–5306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03571.x (2007).
Corner, L. A. L., Stuart, L. J., Kelly, D. J. & Marples, N. M. Reproductive Biology Including Evidence for Superfetation in the European Badger Meles meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Plos One 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138093 (2015).
Greenwood, P. J. Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals. Animal Behaviour 28, 1140–1162, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(80)80103-5 (1980).
Keller, L. F., Arcese, P., Smith, J. N. M., Hochachka, W. M. & Stearns, S. C. Selection against inbred song sparrows during a natural population bottleneck. Nature 372, 356–357, https://doi.org/10.1038/372356a0 (1994).
Huisman, J., Kruuk, L. E. B., Ellis, P. A., Clutton-Brock, T. & Pemberton, J. M. Inbreeding depression across the lifespan in a wild mammal population. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113, 3585–3590, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518046113 (2016).
O’Brien, S. J. et al. Genetic basis for species vulnerability in an endangered species the African cheetah. Science, 53, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2983425 (1988).
Pusey, A. & Wolf, M. Inbreeding avoidance in animals. Trends in Ecology &. Evolution 11, 201–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8 (1996).
Archie, E. A. et al. Behavioural inbreeding avoidance in wild African elephants. Molecular Ecology 16, 4138–4148, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03483.x (2007).
Sparkman, A. M., Adams, J. R., Steury, T. D., Waits, L. P. & Murray, D. L. Pack social dynamics and inbreeding avoidance in the cooperatively breeding red wolf. Behavioral Ecology 23, 1186–1194, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars099 (2012).
Woodroffe, R., Macdonald, D. W. & da Silva, J. Dispersal and philopatry in the European badger, Meles meles. Journal of Zoology 237, 227–239, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02760.x (1993).
Mayer, M., Zedrosser, A. & Rosell, F. Extra-territorial movements differ between territory holders and subordinates in a large, monogamous rodent. Scientific Reports 7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15540-0 (2017).
Havens, R. P., Crawford, J. C. & Nelson, T. A. Survival, Home Range, and Colony Reproduction of Beavers in East-Central Illinois, an Agricultural Landscape. American Midland Naturalist 169, 17–29 (2013).
Young, A. J., Spong, G. & Clutton-Brock, T. Subordinate male meerkats prospect for extra-group paternity: alternative reproductive tactics in a cooperative mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274, 1603–1609, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0316 (2007).
Soulsbury, C. D., Iossa, G., Baker, P. J., White, P. C. L. & Harris, S. Behavioral and spatial analysis of extraterritorial movements in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Journal of Mammalogy 92, 190–199, https://doi.org/10.1644/09-mamm-a-187.1 (2011).
Rioux, M. J., Lai, S., Casajus, N., Bety, J. & Berteaux, D. Winter home range fidelity and extraterritorial movements of Arctic fox pairs in the Canadian High Arctic. Polar Research 36, https://doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2017.1316930 (2017).
White, P. J., Ralls, K. & Siniff, D. B. Nocturnal encounters between kit foxes. Journal of Mammalogy 81, 456–461, doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0456:nebkf>2.0.co;2 (2000).
Mancinelli, S. & Ciucci, P. Beyond home: Preliminary data on wolf extraterritorial forays and dispersal in Central Italy. Mammalian Biology 93, 51–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2018.08.003 (2018).
Macdonald, D. W., Newman, C., Buesching, C. D. & Johnson, P. J. Male-biased movement in a high-density population of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles). Journal of Mammalogy 89, 1077–1086, https://doi.org/10.1644/07-mamm-a-185.1 (2008).
Woodroffe, R. et al. Ranging behaviour of badgers Meles meles vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin. Journal of Applied Ecology 54, 718–725, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12837 (2017).
Silk, M. J. et al. Seasonal variation in daily patterns of social contacts in the European badger Meles meles. Ecology and Evolution 7, 9006–9015, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3402 (2017).
Kruuk, H. The social badger: ecology and behaviour of a group-living carnivore (Meles meles) (Oxford University Press, 1989).
Sleeman, D. P. & Mulcahy, M. F. In The Badger (ed Hayden T & Murray D) 154–165 (Royal Irish Academy, 1993).
O’Mahony, D. T. B. Meles meles) contact metrics in a medium-density population. Mammalian Biology 80, 484–490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.07.002 (2015).
Byrne, A. W. et al. Large-scale movements in European badgers: has the tail of the movement kernel been underestimated? Journal of Animal Ecology 83, 991–1001, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12197 (2014).
Neal, E. G. & Cheeseman, C. Badgers. (T and AD Poyser Ltd, 1998).
Cleary, G. P., Corner, L. A. L., O’Keeffe, J. & Marples, N. M. The diet of the badger Meles meles in the Republic of Ireland. Mammalian Biology 74, 438–445, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2009.07.003 (2009).
Cleary, G. P., Corner, L. A. L., O’Keeffe, J. & Marples, N. M. Diet of the European badger (Meles meles) in the Republic of Ireland: A comparison of results from an analysis of stomach contents and rectal faeces. Mammalian Biology 76, 470–475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.012 (2011).
Buesching, C. D., Waterhouse, J. S. & Macdonald, D. W. Gas-chromatographic analyses of the subcaudal gland secretion of the European badger (Meles meles) Part I: Chemical differences related to individual parameters. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28, 41–56, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013558718057 (2002).
Palphramand, K. L. & White, P. C. L. Badgers, Meles meles, discriminate between neighbour, alien and self scent. Animal Behaviour 74, 429–436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10.026 (2007).
Gorman, M. L. & Trowbridge, B. J. in Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution (ed Gittleman J. L.) 57–88 (Springer, 1989).
Tinnesand, H. V. et al. Will trespassers be prosecuted or assessed according to their merits? A consilient interpretation of territoriality in a group-living carnivore, the European badger (Meles meles). PLoS ONE 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132432 (2015).
Kilshaw, K., Newman, C., Buesching, C., Bunyan, J. & Macdonald, D. Coordinated latrine use by European badgers, Meles meles: potential consequences for territory defense. Journal of Mammalogy 90, 1188–1198, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-200.1 (2009).
Kowalczyk, R., Jedrzejewska, B. & Zalewski, A. Annual and circadian activity patterns of badgers (Meles meles) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) compared with other Palaearctic populations. Journal of Biogeography 30, 463–472, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00804.x (2003).
Gaughran, A. et al. Super-ranging. A new ranging strategy in European badgers. Plos One 13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191818 (2018).
Ellwood, S. A. et al. An active-radio-frequency-identification system capable of identifying co-locations and social-structure: Validation with a wild free-ranging animal. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8, 1822–1831, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12839 (2017).
Kruuk, H. Scent marking by otters (Lutra lutra) – signaling the use of resources. Behavioral Ecology 3, 133–140, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/3.2.133 (1992).
Potts, J. R., Harris, S. & Giuggioli, L. Quantifying behavioral changes in territorial animals caused by sudden population declines. American Naturalist 182, E73–E82, https://doi.org/10.1086/671260 (2013).
Rasa, O. A. Marking behaviour and its social significance in the African dwarf mongoose, Helogale undulata rufula. Z. Tierpsychol. 32, 293–318 (1973).
Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D. W. Helpers provide no detectable benefits in the European badger (Meles meles). Journal of Zoology 250, 113–119, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836900001102 (2000).
Roper, T. J., Shepherdson, D. J. & Davies, J. M. Scent marking with faeces and anal secretion in the European badger (Meles meles) – seasonal and spatial characteristics of latrine use in relation to territoriality. Behaviour 97, 94–117, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853986×00333 (1986).
Judge, J., Wilson, G. J., Macarthur, R., Delahay, R. J. & McDonald, R. A. Density and abundance of badger social groups in England and Wales in 2011-2013. Scientific Reports 4, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03809 (2014).
Woodroffe, R. et al. Badgers prefer cattle pasture but avoid cattle: implications for bovine tuberculosis control. Ecology Letters 19, 1201–1208, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12654 (2016).
Roper, T. J., Ostler, J. R. & Conradt, L. The process of dispersal in badgers Meles meles. Mammal Review 33, 314–318, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2907.2003.00031.x (2003).
Weber, N. et al. Badger social networks correlate with tuberculosis infection. Current Biology 23, R915–R916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.011 (2013).
Doolan, S. P. & Macdonald, D. W. Dispersal and extra-territorial prospecting by slender-tailed meerkats (Suricata suricatta) in the south-western Kalahari. Journal of Zoology 240, 59–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05486.x (1996).
Mulder, J. L. S-organization, movements and dispersal in a Dutch red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population – some preliminary results. Revue D’Ecologie – La Terre et La Vie 40, 133–138 (1985).
Mullen, E. M. et al. The avoidance of farmyards by European badgers Metes meles in a medium density population. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 171, 170–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.021 (2015).
Dall, S. R. X., Giraldeau, L. A., Olsson, O., McNamara, J. M. & Stephens, D. W. Information and its use by animals in evolutionary ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, 187–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.01.010 (2005).
Marples, N. M., Speed, M. P. & Thomas, R. J. An individual-based profitability spectrum for understanding interactions between predators and their prey. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly088 (2018).
Danchin, E., Giraldeau, L. A., Valone, T. J. & Wagner, R. H. Public information: From nosy neighbors to cultural evolution. Science 305, 487–491, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1098254 (2004).
MacWhite, T., Maher, P., Mullen, E., Marples, N. & Good, M. Satellite tracking study of badgers (Meles meles) to establish normal ranging behaviour prior to a road realignment. Irish Naturalists’ Journal 32, 99–105 (2013).
Chao, A. Estimating animal abundance with capture frequency data. Journal of Wildlife Management 52, 295–300, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801237 (1988).
Murphy, D., O’Keeffe, J. J., Martin, S. W., Gormley, E. & Corner, L. A. L. An assessment of injury to European badgers (Meles meles) due to capture in stopped restraints. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45, 481–490, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.481 (2009).
Davison, K. E. et al. Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of combinations of ketamine, medetomidine, romifidine and butorphanol in European badgers (Meles meles). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 34, 394–402, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00339.x (2007).
da Silva, J. & Macdonald, D. W. Limitations to the use of tooth wear as a means of aging Eurasian badgers, Meles meles. Revue D Ecologie-La Terre Et La Vie 44, 275–278 (1989).
Hancox, M. A review of age determination criteria in the Eurasian badger. Lynx (Praha) 24, 77–86 (1988).
Kauhala, K. Changes in distribution of the European badger Meles meles in Finland during the rapid colonization of the raccoon dog. Annales Zoologici Fennici 32, 183–191 (1995).
Kowalczyk, R., Zalewski, A. & Jedrzejewska, B. Daily movement and territory use by badgers Meles meles in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland. Wildlife Biology 12, 385–391, https://doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396 (2006).
Revilla, E. & Palomares, F. Spatial organization, group living and ecological correlates in low-density populations of Eurasian badgers, Meles meles. Journal of Animal Ecology 71, 497–512, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00617.x (2002).
O’Brien, J., Elliott, S. & Hayden, T. J. Use of hedgerows as a key element of badger (Meles meles) behaviour in Ireland. Mammalian Biology 81, 104–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.10.004 (2016).
da Silva, J., Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D. W. Habitat, food availability and group territoriality in the European badger, Meles meles. Oecologia 95, 558–564, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00317441 (1993).
van Apeldoorn, R. C., Vink, J. & Matyastik, T. Dynamics of a local badger (Meles meles) population in the Netherlands over the years 1983–2001. Mammalian Biology 71, 25–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2005.08.005 (2006).
R: A language and environment for statistical computing v. 3.6.1 (2019-07-05)–“Action of the Toes” (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2019).
Brooks, M. E. et al. glmmTMB Balances Speed and Flexibility Among Packages for Zero-inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling. R Journal 9, 378–400, https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2017-066 (2017).
MuMIn: multi-model inference. v. 1.42.1. (2018).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
