
Meinshausen, M. et al. Historical greenhouse gas concentrations for climate modelling (CMIP6). Geosci. Model Dev. 10, 2057–2116 (2017).
Saunois, M. et al. The global methane budget 2000–2012. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 8, 697–751 (2016).
Schwietzke, S. et al. Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database. Nature 538, 88–91 (2016); corrigendum 543, 452 (2017).
Lassey, K. R., Etheridge, D. M., Lowe, D. C., Smith, A. M. & Ferretti, D. F. Centennial evolution of the atmospheric methane budget: what do the carbon isotopes tell us? Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 2119–2139 (2007).
Zazzeri, G., Acuña Yeomans, E. & Graven, H. D. Global and regional emissions of radiocarbon from nuclear power plants from 1972 to 2016. Radiocarbon 60, 1067–1081 (2018).
Etiope, G. Natural Gas Seepage: The Earth’s Hydrocarbon Degassing Vol. 1 (Springer International Publishing, 2015).
Etiope, G., Ciotoli, G., Schwietzke, S. & Schoell, M. Gridded maps of geological methane emissions and their isotopic signature. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 11, 1–22 (2019).
Petrenko, V. V. et al. Minimal geological methane emissions during the Younger Dryas–Preboreal abrupt warming event. Nature 548, 443–446 (2017).
Höglund-Isaksson, L. Global anthropogenic methane emissions 2005–2030: technical mitigation potentials and costs. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 9079–9096 (2012).
Howarth, R. W. Methane emissions and climatic warming risk from hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development: implications for policy. Eng. Emis. Con. Tech. 3, 45–54 (2015).
Nicewonger, M. R., Aydin, M., Prather, M. J. & Saltzman, E. S. Large changes in biomass burning over the last millennium inferred from paleoatmospheric ethane in polar ice cores. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 12413–12418 (2018).
Bock, M. et al. Glacial/interglacial wetland, biomass burning, and geologic methane emissions constrained by dual stable isotopic CH4 ice core records. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, E5778–E5786 (2017).
Lassey, K. R., Lowe, D. C. & Smith, A. M. The atmospheric cycling of radiomethane and the “fossil fraction” of the methane source. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 2141–2149 (2007).
Etiope, G., Milkov, A. V. & Derbyshire, E. Did geologic emissions of methane play any role in Quaternary climate change? Global Planet. Change 61, 79–88 (2008).
Petrenko, V. V. et al. Measurements of 14C in ancient ice from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica constrain in situ cosmogenic 14CH4 and 14CO production rates. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac. 177, 62–77 (2016).
Petrenko, V. V. et al. 14CH4 measurements in Greenland Ice: investigating last glacial termination CH4 sources. Science 324, 506–508 (2009).
Severinghaus, J. P. et al. Deep air convection in the firn at a zero-accumulation site, central Antarctica. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 293, 359–367 (2010).
Buizert, C. et al. Gas transport in firn: multiple-tracer characterisation and model intercomparison for NEEM, Northern Greenland. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 4259–4277 (2012).
Rommelaere, V., Arnaud, L. & Barnola, J.-M. Reconstructing recent atmospheric trace gas concentrations from polar firn and bubbly ice data by inverse methods. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 102, 30069–30083 (1997).
Trudinger, C. et al. Reconstructing atmospheric histories from measurements of air composition in firn. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 107, (2002).
Smil, V. Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (ABC-CLIO, 2016).
Hua, Q., Barbetti, M. & Rakowski, A. Z. Atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950–2010. Radiocarbon 55, 2059–2072 (2013).
Etiope, G. & Klusman, R. W. Microseepage in drylands: flux and implications in the global atmospheric source/sink budget of methane. Global Planet. Change 72, 265–274 (2010).
McGinnis, D. F., Greinert, J., Artemov, Y., Beaubien, S. & Wüest, A. Fate of rising methane bubbles in stratified waters: how much methane reaches the atmosphere? J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 111, C09007 (2006).
Leonte, M. et al. Rapid rates of aerobic methane oxidation at the feather edge of gas hydrate stability in the waters of Hudson Canyon, US Atlantic Margin. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 204, 375–387 (2017).
Sparrow, K. J. et al. Limited contribution of ancient methane to surface waters of the U.S. Beaufort Sea shelf. Sci. Adv. 4, eaao4842 (2018).
Nicewonger, M. R., Verhulst, K. R., Aydin, M. & Saltzman, E. S. Preindustrial atmospheric ethane levels inferred from polar ice cores: a constraint on the geologic sources of atmospheric ethane and methane. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 214–221 (2016).
Alvarez, R. A. et al. Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain. Science 361, 186–188 (2018).
Source: Ecology - nature.com