Kiani, M. et al. Iran supports a great share of biodiversity and floristic endemism for Fritillaria spp.(Liliaceae): A review. Plant Diver. 39, 245–262 (2017).
Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh, M., Khalighi, A., Naderi, R., Sardari, M. & Ebrahimie, E. Petal: a reliable explant for direct bulblet regeneration of endangered wild populations of Fritillaria imperialis L. Acta Physiol. Plant. 30, 395–399 (2008).
Bonyadi, A., Mozaffarpur, S., Azadbakht, M. & Mojahedi, M. The Emergence of Fritillaria imperialis in Written References of Traditional Persian Medicine: a Historical Review. Herb. Med. J. 2, 39–42 (2017).
van Leeuwen, P. J., Trompert, J. P., & van der Weijden, J. A. The Forcing of Fritillaria imperialis L. In VIII International Symposium on Flowerbulbs 570. (2000).
Dole, J. M. Research approaches for determining cold requirements for forcing and flowering of geophytes. Hort. Sci. 38, 341–346 (2003).
Nievola, C. C., Carvalho, C. P., Carvalho, V. & Rodrigues, E. Rapid responses of plants to temperature changes. Temperature. 4, 371–405 (2017).
Lv, X. et al. The role of calcium-dependent protein kinase in hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and ABA-dependent cold acclimation. J. Exp. Bot. 69, 4127–4139 (2018).
K Jha, S., Sharma, M. & K Pandey, G. Role of cyclic nucleotide gated channels in stress management in plants. Curr. Genom. 17, 315–329 (2016).
Tsai, T. M. et al. PaCDPK1, a gene encoding calcium-dependent protein kinase from orchid, Phalaenopsis amabilis, is induced by cold, wounding, and pathogen challenge. Plant Cell Rep. 26, 1899–1908 (2007).
Schulz, E., Tohge, T., Zuther, E., Fernie, A. R. & Hincha, D. K. Flavonoids are determinants of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci. Rep. 6, 34027 (2016).
Yoshida, S. & Uemura, M., Alterations of plasma membranes related to cold acclimation of plants, in Low Temperature Stress Physiology in Crops. CRC Press. 41–52 (2018).
John, R., Anjum, N., Sopory, S., Akram, N. & Ashraf, M. Some key physiological and molecular processes of cold acclimation. Biol. Plant. 60, 603–618 (2016).
Renaut, J., Hoffmann, L. & Hausman, J. F. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms related to cold acclimation and enhanced freezing tolerance in poplar plantlets. Physiol. Plant. 125, 82–94 (2005).
Jiang, Y. P. et al. Brassinosteroids accelerate recovery of photosynthetic apparatus from cold stress by balancing the electron partitioning, carboxylation and redox homeostasis in cucumber. Physiol. Plant. 148, 133–145 (2013).
Janská, A., Maršík, P., Zelenková, S. & Ovesná, J. Cold stress and acclimation–what is important for metabolic adjustment? Plant Biol. 12, 395–405 (2010).
Ensminger, I., Busch, F. & Huner, N. P. Photostasis and cold acclimation: sensing low temperature through photosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 126, 28–44 (2006).
Hajihashemi, S., Noedoost, F., Geuns, J. M. C., Djalovic, I., & Siddique, K. H. M. Effect of Cold Stress on Photosynthetic Traits, Carbohydrates, Morphology, and Anatomy in Nine Cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana. Front. Plant Sci. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls (2018).
Adams, W. W., Muller, O., Cohu, C. M., & Demmig-Adams, B., Photosystem II efficiency and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in the context of source-sink balance, in Non-photochemical quenching and energy dissipation in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Springer. p. 503–529 (2014).
Liu, B., Xia, Y.-p, Krebs, S. L., Medeiros, J. & Arora, R. Seasonal responses to cold and light stresses by two elevational ecotypes of Rhododendron catawbiense: A comparative study of overwintering strategies. Env.Exp.l Bot. 163, 86–96 (2019).
Farooq, M. et al. Seed priming improves chilling tolerance in chickpea by modulating germination metabolism, trehalose accumulation and carbon assimilation. Plant Physiolo. Biochem. 111, 274–283 (2017).
Pennycooke, J. C., Cox, S. & Stushnoff, C. Relationship of cold acclimation, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity with chilling tolerance in petunia (Petunia× hybrida). Environ. Exp. Bot. 53, 225–232 (2005).
Wang, W. et al. The late embryogenesis abundant gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis): Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis in response to cold and dehydration stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 135, 277–286 (2019).
Takumi, S., Shimamura, C. & Kobayashi, F. Increased freezing tolerance through up-regulation of downstream genes via the wheat CBF gene in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46, 205–211 (2008).
Kobayashi, F. et al. Comparative study of the expression profiles of the Cor/Lea gene family in two wheat cultivars with contrasting levels of freezing tolerance. Physiol. Plant. 120, 585–594 (2004).
Fan, W., Deng, G., Wang, H., Zhang, H. & Zhang, P. Elevated compartmentalization of Na+ into vacuoles improves salt and cold stress tolerance in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Physiol. Plant. 154, 560–571 (2015).
Zhang, Y., et al NHX1 and eIF4A1-stacked transgenic sweetpotato shows enhanced tolerance to drought stress. Plant Cell Rep. 1–12 (2019).
Barragán, V. et al. Ion exchangers NHX1 and NHX2 mediate active potassium uptake into vacuoles to regulate cell turgor and stomatal function in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell. 24, 1127–1142 (2012).
Li, J., Jiang, G., Huang, P., Ma, J. & Zhang, F. Overexpression of the Na+/H+ antiporter gene from Suaeda salsa confers cold and salt tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 90, 41 (2007).
Martìnez, J. P., Lutts, S., Schanck, A., Bajji, M. & Kinet, J.-M. Is osmotic adjustment required for water stress resistance in the Mediterranean shrub Atriplex halimus L? J. Plant Physiol. 161, 1041–1051 (2004).
DuBois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. T. & Smith, F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28, 350–356 (1956).
Somogyi, M. Notes on sugar determination. Journal of biological chemistry. 195, 19–23 (1952).
Bates, L., Waldren, R. & Teare, I. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39, 205–207 (1973).
Hajihashemi, S. & Ehsanpour, A. A. Antioxidant response of Stevia rebaudiana B. to polyethylene glycol and paclobutrazol treatments under in vitro culture. App. Biochem. Biotechnol. 172, 4038–4052 (2014).
Bradford, M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248–254 (1976).
Beauchamp, C. & Fridovich, I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 44, 276–287 (1971).
Aebi, H. Catalase in vitro. Meth. Enzym. 105, 121–126 (1984).
Asada, K. Ascorbate peroxidase–a hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme in plants. Physiol. Plant. 85, 235–241 (1992).
Flurkey, W. H. & Jen, J. J. Purification of peach polyphenol oxidase in the presence of added protease inhibitors. J. Food Biochem. 4, 29–41 (1980).
Velikova, V., Yordanov, I. & Edreva, A. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci. 151, 59–66 (2000).
Singleton, V. & Rossi, J. A. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Viticul. 16, 144–158 (1965).
Wagner, G. J. Content and vacuole/extravacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids, and anthocyanin in protoplasts. Plant Physiol. 64, 88–93 (1979).
Szôllôsi, R. & Varga, I. S. Total antioxidant power in some species of Labiatae (Adaptation of FRAP method). Acta Biol. Szeged. 46, 125–127 (2002).
Heath, R. L. & Packer, L. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125, 189–198 (1968).
Hajihashemi, S., Kiarostami, K., Enteshari, S. & Saboora, A. Effect of paclobutrazol on wheat salt tolerance at pollination stage. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 56, 251–257 (2009).
Hajihashemi, S., Geuns, J. M. & Ehsanpour, A. A. Gene transcription of steviol glycoside biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under polyethylene glycol, paclobutrazol and gibberellic acid treatments in vitro. Acta Physiol. Plant. 35, 2009–2014 (2013).
Si, T., et al Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide mediate wounding-induced freezing tolerance through modifications in photosystem and antioxidant system in wheat. Front. Plant Sci. 8 (2017).
Nawaz, Z., Kakar, K. U., Saand, M. A. & Shu, Q.-Y. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene family in rice, identification, characterization and experimental analysis of expression response to plant hormones, biotic and abiotic stresses. BMC Genom. 15, 853 (2014).
Almadanim, M. C. et al. Rice calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK17 targets plasma membrane intrinsic protein and sucrose-phosphate synthase and is required for a proper cold stress response. Plant Cell Environ. 40, 1197–1213 (2017).
Dubrovina, A. S., Kiselev, K. V., Khristenko, V. S. & Aleynova, O. A. VaCPK20, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene of wild grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr., mediates cold and drought stress tolerance. J. Plant. Physiol. 185, 1–12 (2015).
Vernieri, P., Lenzi, A., Figaro, M., Tognoni, F. & Pardossi, A. How the roots contribute to the ability of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to cope with chilling-induced water stress. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 2199–2206 (2001).
Palta, J. P. & Weiss, L. S. Ice formation and freezing injury: an overview on the survival mechanisms and molecular aspects of injury and cold acclimation in herbaceous plants, in advances in plant cold hardiness. CRC Press. p. 143–176 (2018).
Rooy, S. S. B., Salekdeh, G. H., Ghabooli, M., Gholami, M. & Karimi, R. Cold-induced physiological and biochemical responses of three grapevine cultivars differing in cold tolerance. Acta Physiol. Plant. 39, 264 (2017).
Chen, T. H. Plant adaptation to low temperature stress. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16, 231–236 (1994).
Vitasse, Y., Lenz, A. & Körner, C. The interaction between freezing tolerance and phenology in temperate deciduous trees. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 541 (2014).
Hur, J., Jung, K.-H., Lee, C.-H. & An, G. Stress-inducible OsP5CS2 gene is essential for salt and cold tolerance in rice. Plant Sci. 167, 417–426 (2004).
Sasaki, K., Christov, N. K., Tsuda, S. & Imai, R. Identification of a novel LEA protein involved in freezing tolerance in wheat. Plant Cell Physiol. 55, 136–147 (2013).
Aroca, R. et al. Involvement of abscisic acid in leaf and root of maize (Zea mays L.) in avoiding chilling-induced water stress. Plant Sci. 165, 671–679 (2003).
Boese, S., Wolfe, D. & Melkonian, J. Elevated CO2 mitigates chilling-induced water stress and photosynthetic reduction during chilling. Plant Cell Environ. 20, 625–632 (1997).
Mishra, S., Alavilli, H., Lee, B.-H., Panda, S. K. & Sahoo, L. Cloning and functional characterization of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from mungbean (VrNHX1) and its ectopic expression enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PloS one. 9, e106678 (2014).
Dong, H. et al. Overexpression of PbrNHX2 gene, a Na+/H+ antiporter gene isolated from Pyrus betulaefolia, confers enhanced tolerance to salt stress via modulating ROS levels. Plant Sci. 285, 14–25 (2019).
Campo, S. et al. Overexpression of a calcium-dependent protein kinase confers salt and drought tolerance in rice by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Plant Physiol. 165, 688–704 (2014).
Lee, D. H. & Lee, C. B. Chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of cucumber: in gel enzyme activity assays. Plant Sci. 159, 75–85 (2000).
Oidaira, H., Sano, S., Koshiba, T. & Ushimaru, T. Enhancement of antioxidative enzyme activities in chilled rice seedlings. J. Plant Physiol. 156, 811–813 (2000).
Couée, I., Sulmon, C., Gouesbet, G. & El Amrani, A. Involvement of soluble sugars in reactive oxygen species balance and responses to oxidative stress in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 449–459 (2006).
Demidchik, V. Mechanisms of oxidative stress in plants: from classical chemistry to cell biology. Environ. Exp. Bot. 109, 212–228 (2015).
Hincha, D. K., Zuther, E. & Heyer, A. G. The preservation of liposomes by raffinose family oligosaccharides during drying is mediated by effects on fusion and lipid phase transitions. Biochimi. Biophys. Acta-Biomembranes. 1612, 172–177 (2003).
Sami, F., Yusuf, M., Faizan, M., Faraz, A. & Hayat, S. Role of sugars under abiotic stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 109, 54–61 (2016).
Haque, M. S., Islam, M. M., Rakib, M. A. & Haque, M. A. A regulatory approach on low temperature induced enzymatic and anti oxidative status in leaf of Pui vegetable (Basella alba). Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 21, 366–373 (2014).
Li, S.-J. et al. Anthocyanins accumulate in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) sprout in response to cold stress. Acta Physiol. Plant. 37, 159 (2015).
Ahmed, N. U., Park, J. I., Jung, H. J., Hur, Y. & Nou, I. S. Anthocyanin biosynthesis for cold and freezing stress tolerance and desirable color in Brassica rapa. Func. Int. Genom. 15, 383–394 (2015).
Jeon, J., Kim, J. K., Wu, Q. & Park, S. U. Effects of cold stress on transcripts and metabolites in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Environ. Exp. Bot. 155, 488–496 (2018).
Adams, W. W. III, Stewart, J. J., Cohu, C. M., Muller, O. & Demmig-Adams, B. Habitat temperature and precipitation of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes determine the response of foliar vasculature, photosynthesis, and transpiration to growth temperature. Front. Plant Sci. 7, 1026 (2016).
Mai, J. et al. Effect of chilling on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. Trees. 23, 863–874 (2009).
Jurczyk, B., Rapacz, M., Pociecha, E. & Kościelniak, J. Changes in carbohydrates triggered by low temperature waterlogging modify photosynthetic acclimation to cold in Festuca pratensis. Environ. Exp. Bot. 122, 60–67 (2016).
Roitsch, T. Source-sink regulation by sugar and stress. Curr. Opinion Plant Biol. 2, 198–206 (1999).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
