Bates, H. W. XXXII. Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Lepidoptera: Heliconidæ. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond 23, 495–566 (1862).
Google Scholar
Müller, F. Ituna and thyridia: A remarkable case of mimicry in butterflies. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1879, 20–29 (1879).
Baxter, S. W. et al. Convergent evolution in the genetic basis of Müllerian mimicry in Heliconius butterflies. Genetics 180, 1567–1577 (2008).
Google Scholar
Sheppard, P. M., Turner, J. R. G., Brown, K., Benson, W. & Singer, M. Genetics and the evolution of Muellerian mimicry in Heliconius butterflies. Philos. Trans R. Soc. Lond. B, Biol. Sci. 308, 433–610 (1985).
Google Scholar
Mallet, J. & Gilbert, L. E. Jr. Why are there so many mimicry rings? Correlations between habitat, behaviour and mimicry in Heliconius butterflies. Biol. J. Lin. Soc. 55, 159–180 (1995).
Brower, A. V. Parallel race formation and the evolution of mimicry in Heliconius butterflies: A phylogenetic hypothesis from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Evolution 50, 195–221 (1996).
Google Scholar
Wilson, J. S. et al. North American velvet ants form one of the world’s largest known Müllerian mimicry complexes. Curr. Biol. 25, R704–R706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.053 (2015).
Google Scholar
Wilson, J. S., Williams, K. A., Forister, M. L., Von Dohlen, C. D. & Pitts, J. P. Repeated evolution in overlapping mimicry rings among North American velvet ants. Nat. Commun. 3, 1272 (2012).
Google Scholar
Wilson, J. S., Pan, A. D., Limb, E. S. & Williams, K. A. Comparison of African and North American velvet ant mimicry complexes: Another example of Africa as the ‘odd man out’. PLoS ONE 13, e0189482. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189482 (2018).
Google Scholar
Plowright, R. & Owen, R. E. The evolutionary significance of bumble bee color patterns: A mimetic interpretation. Evolution 34, 622–637 (1980).
Google Scholar
Williams, P. The distribution of bumblebee colour patterns worldwide: Possible significance for thermoregulation, crypsis, and warning mimicry. Biol. J. Lin. Soc. 92, 97–118 (2007).
Google Scholar
Hines, H. M. & Williams, P. H. Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 166, 805–826 (2012).
Google Scholar
Koch, J. B., Rodriguez, J., Pitts, J. P. & Strange, J. P. Phylogeny and population genetic analyses reveals cryptic speciation in the Bombus fervidus species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae). PLoS ONE 13, e0207080 (2018).
Google Scholar
Ezray, B. D., Wham, D. C., Hill, C. E. & Hines, H. M. Unsupervised machine learning reveals mimicry complexes in bumblebees occur along a perceptual continuum. Proc. R. Soc. B 286, 20191501 (2019).
Google Scholar
Bateson, W. The alleged “Aggressive Mimicry” of volucellæ. Nature 46, 585 (1892).
Google Scholar
Poulton, E. B. The volucellœ as alleged examples of variation “almost unique among animals”. Nature 47, 126 (1892).
Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. New social bees. Psyche A J. Entomol. 24, 120–128 (1917).
Google Scholar
Koch, J., Strange, J. & Williams, P. In: Bumble bees of the western United States (US Forest Service, San Francisco California, 2012).
Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. & Colla, S. R. In: Bumble bees of North America: An identification guide Vol. 87 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2014).
Ruxton, G. D., Franks, D. W., Balogh, A. C. & Leimar, O. Evolutionary implications of the form of predator generalization for aposematic signals and mimicry in prey. Evol Int. J. Org. Evol. 62, 2913–2921 (2008).
Google Scholar
Rowe, C., Lindström, L. & Lyytinen, A. The importance of pattern similarity between Müllerian mimics in predator avoidance learning. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 271, 407–413 (2004).
Google Scholar
Beatty, C. D., Beirinckx, K. & Sherratt, T. N. The evolution of Müllerian mimicry in multispecies communities. Nature 431, 63 (2004).
Google Scholar
Chittka, L. & Osorio, D. Cognitive dimensions of predator responses to imperfect mimicry. PLoS Biol. 5, e339 (2007).
Google Scholar
Dittrigh, W., Gilbert, F., Green, P., McGregor, P. & Grewcock, D. Imperfect mimicry: A pigeon’s perspective. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 251, 195–200 (1993).
Google Scholar
Sherratt, T. N., Whissell, E., Webster, R. & Kikuchi, D. W. Hierarchical overshadowing of stimuli and its role in mimicry evolution. Anim. Behav. 108, 73–79 (2015).
Google Scholar
Beatty, C. D., Bain, R. S. & Sherratt, T. N. The evolution of aggregation in profitable and unprofitable prey. Anim. Behav. 70, 199–208 (2005).
Google Scholar
Kazemi, B., Gamberale-Stille, G., Tullberg, B. S. & Leimar, O. Stimulus salience as an explanation for imperfect mimicry. Curr. Biol. 24, 965–969 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kikuchi, D. W., Dornhaus, A., Gopeechund, V. & Sherratt, T. N. Signal categorization by foraging animals depends on ecological diversity. Elife. 8, e43965 (2019).
Google Scholar
Rapti, Z., Duennes, M. A. & Cameron, S. A. Defining the colour pattern phenotype in bumble bees (Bombus): A new model for evo devo. Biol. J. Lin. Soc. 113, 384–404 (2014).
Google Scholar
Wilson, J. S., Sidwell, J. S., Forister, M. L., Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. Thistledown velvet ants in the desert mimicry ring and the evolution of white coloration: Müllerian mimicry, camouflage and thermal ecology. Biol. Lett. 16, 20200242 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ascher, J. & Pickering, J. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) (2019).
iNaturalist. Available from https://www.inaturalist.org. Accessed [2022].
Bombus Latreille, 1802 in GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2021-12-03.
Source: Ecology - nature.com
