Lyman, C. P. & Chatfield, P. O. Physiology of hibernation in mammals. Physiol. Rev. 35, 403–425 (1955).
Google Scholar
Geiser, F. Hibernation. Curr. Biol. 23, R188–R193 (2013).
Google Scholar
Humphries, M. M., Thomas, D. W. & Speakman, J. R. Climate-mediated energetic constraints on the distribution of hibernating mammals. Nature 418, 313–316 (2002).
Google Scholar
Wilkinson, G. S. & Adams, D. M. Recurrent evolution of extreme longevity in bats. Biol. Lett. 15, 20180860 (2019).
Google Scholar
Frick, W. F., Reynolds, D. S. & Kunz, T. H. Influence of climate and reproductive timing on demography of little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus. J. Anim. Ecol. 79, 128–136 (2010).
Google Scholar
Willis, C. K. Trade-offs influencing the physiological ecology of hibernation in temperate-zone bats. Integr. Comp. Biol. 57, 1214–1224 (2017).
Google Scholar
Lane, J. E. In Living in a Seasonal World 51–61 (Springer, 2012).
Inouye, D. W., Barr, B., Armitage, K. B. & Inouye, B. D. Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97, 1630–1633 (2000).
Google Scholar
Lane, J. E., Kruuk, L. E., Charmantier, A., Murie, J. O. & Dobson, F. S. Delayed phenology and reduced fitness associated with climate change in a wild hibernator. Nature 489, 554–557 (2012).
Google Scholar
Feder, M. E. In New Directions in Ecological Physiology (eds M. E. Feder, A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren, & R. B Huey) 38–75 (Cambridge University Press, 1987).
Geiser, F. Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 66, 239–274. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105 (2004).
Google Scholar
Boyles, J. G. et al. A global heterothermic continuum in mammals. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 22, 1029–1039 (2013).
Google Scholar
Ruf, T. & Arnold, W. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on hibernation and torpor: A review and hypothesis. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 294, R1044-1052. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00688.2007 (2008).
Google Scholar
Ruf, T. & Geiser, F. Daily torpor and hibernation in birds and mammals. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12137 (2014).
Google Scholar
Heldmaier, G., Ortmann, S. & Elvert, R. Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 141, 317–329 (2004).
Google Scholar
van Breukelen, F. & Martin, S. L. The hibernation continuum: Physiological and molecular aspects of metabolic plasticity in mammals. Physiology 30, 273–281 (2015).
Google Scholar
Nowack, J., Levesque, D. L., Reher, S. & Dausmann, K. H. Variable climates lead to varying phenotypes: ‘Weird’mammalian torpor and lessons from non-Holarctic species. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8, 60 (2020).
Google Scholar
Stawski, C., Willis, C. & Geiser, F. The importance of temporal heterothermy in bats. J. Zool. 292, 86–100 (2014).
Google Scholar
Thomas, D. W., Dorais, M. & Bergeron, J.-M. Winter energy budgets and cost of arousals for hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. J. Mammal. 71, 475–479 (1990).
Google Scholar
Kunz, T. H., Wrazen, J. A. & Burnett, C. D. Changes in body mass and fat reserves in pre-hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Ecoscience 5, 8–17 (1998).
Google Scholar
Thomas, D. W. & Cloutier, D. Evaporative water loss by hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. Physiol. Zool. 65, 443–456 (1992).
Google Scholar
Kornfeld, S. F., Biggar, K. K. & Storey, K. B. Differential expression of mature microRNAs involved in muscle maintenance of hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus: A model of muscle atrophy resistance. Genom. Proteom. Bioinform. 10, 295–301 (2012).
Google Scholar
Eddy, S. F., Morin, P. Jr. & Storey, K. B. Differential expression of selected mitochondrial genes in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. J. Exp. Zool. A Comp. Exp. Biol. 305, 620–630 (2006).
Google Scholar
Brigham, R., Ianuzzo, C., Hamilton, N. & Fenton, M. Histochemical and biochemical plasticity of muscle fibers in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). J. Comp. Physiol. B. 160, 183–186 (1990).
Google Scholar
McGuire, L. P., Mayberry, H. W. & Willis, C. K. R. White-nose syndrome increases torpid metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in hibernating bats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 313, R680–R686 (2017).
Google Scholar
Jonasson, K. A. & Willis, C. K. Hibernation energetics of free-ranging little brown bats. J. Exp. Biol. 215, 2141–2149 (2012).
Google Scholar
Klüg-Baerwald, B. J. & Brigham, R. M. Hung out to dry? Intraspecific variation in water loss in a hibernating bat. Oecologia 183, 977–985 (2017).
Google Scholar
Dunbar, M. B. & Brigham, R. M. Thermoregulatory variation among populations of bats along a latitudinal gradient. J. Comp. Physiol. B 180, 885–893 (2010).
Google Scholar
Yacoe, M. E. Protein metabolism in the pectoralis muscle and liver of hibernating bats, Eptesicus fuscus. J. Comp. Physiol. 152, 137–144 (1983).
Google Scholar
Yacoe, M. E. Maintenance of the pectoralis muscle during hibernation in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. J. Comp. Physiol. 152, 97–104 (1983).
Google Scholar
Twente, J. W. & Twente, J. Biological alarm clock arouses hibernating big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus. Can. J. Zool. 65, 1668–1674 (1987).
Google Scholar
Boratyński, J. S., Willis, C. K., Jefimow, M. & Wojciechowski, M. S. Huddling reduces evaporative water loss in torpid Natterer’s bats, Myotis nattereri. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 179, 125–132 (2015).
Google Scholar
Hope, P. R. & Jones, G. Warming up for dinner: Torpor and arousal in hibernating Natterer’s bats (Myotis nattereri) studied by radio telemetry. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 182, 569–578 (2012).
Google Scholar
Park, K. J., Jones, G. & Ransome, R. D. Torpor, arousal and activity of hibernating greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Funct. Ecol. 14, 580–588 (2000).
Google Scholar
Ben-Hamo, M., Muñoz-Garcia, A., Williams, J. B., Korine, C. & Pinshow, B. Waking to drink: Rates of evaporative water loss determine arousal frequency in hibernating bats. J. Exp. Biol. 216, 573–577 (2013).
Google Scholar
Lausen, C. & Barclay, R. Winter bat activity in the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Zool. 84, 1079–1086 (2006).
Google Scholar
McGuire, L. P. et al. Similar physiology in hibernating bats across broad geographic ranges. J. Comp. Physiol. B. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-021-01400-x (2021).
Google Scholar
Zuur, A., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N., Saveliev, A. A. & Smith, G. M. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R (Springer, New York, 2009).
Google Scholar
Hothorn, T. & Everitt, B. S. A handbook of statistical analyses using R (CRC Press, London, 2014).
Google Scholar
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. National white-nose syndrome decontamination protocol-Version 09-13-2018. http://www.whitenosesyndrome.org (2018).
Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre. Guidelines for decontamination of equipment and clothing to prevent the spread of white-nose syndrome (the causal fungus: Pseudogymnoascus destructans) in Canada, http://www2.cwhc-rcsf.ca/wns_decontamination.php (2020).
R: A language and environment for statistical computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2020).
McGuire, L. P., Guglielmo, C. G., Mackenzie, S. A. & Taylor, P. D. Migratory stopover in the long-distance migrant silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans. J. Anim. Ecol. 81, 377–385 (2012).
Google Scholar
Nagorsen, D. W. & Brigham, R. M. Bats of British Columbia. Vol. 1 (UBC Press, 1993).
Villa, B. R. & Cockrum, E. L. Migration in the guano bat Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure). J. Mammal. 43, 43–64 (1962).
Google Scholar
Kunkel, E. L. Ecology and energetics of partial migration and facultative hibernation of Mexican free-tailed bats MS thesis, Texas Tech University (2020).
Sandel, J. K. et al. Use and selection of winter hibernacula by the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) in Texas. J. Mammal. 82, 173–178 (2001).
Google Scholar
Jones, C. & Pagels, J. Notes on a population of Pipistrellus subflavus in southern Louisiana. J. Mammal. 49, 134–139 (1968).
Google Scholar
McClure, M. M. et al. A hybrid corelative-mechanistic approach for modeling and mapping winter distributions of North American bat species. J. Biogeogr. 48, 2429–2444 (2021).
Google Scholar
McClure, M. M. et al. Linking surface and subterranean climate: Implications for the study of hibernating bats and other cave dwellers. Ecosphere 11, E03274 (2020).
Google Scholar
Perry, R. W. A review of factors affecting cave climates for hibernating bats in temperate North America. Environ. Rev. 21, 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0042 (2013).
Google Scholar
Hranac, C. R. et al. What is winter? Modelling spatial variation in bat host traits and hibernation and their implications for overwintering energetics. Ecol. Evol. 11, 11604–11614 (2021).
Google Scholar
McGuire, L., Muise, K. A., Shrivastav, A. & Willis, C. K. R. No evidence of hyperphagia during prehibernation in a northern population of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Can. J. Zool. 94, 821–827 (2016).
Google Scholar
Czenze, Z. J., Jonasson, K. A. & Willis, C. K. Thrifty females, frisky males: Winter energetics of hibernating bats from a cold climate. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 90, 502–511 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kurta, A. The misuse of relative humidity in ecological studies of hibernating bats. Acta Chiropt. 16, 249–254 (2014).
Google Scholar
Weller, T. J. et al. A review of bat hibernacula across the western United States: Implications for white-nose syndrome surveillance and management. PLoS One 13, e0205647 (2018).
Google Scholar
Gearhart, C., Adams, A. M., Pinshow, B. & Korine, C. Evaporative water loss in Kuhl’s pipistrelles declines along an environmental gradient, from mesic to hyperarid. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 240, 110587 (2020).
Google Scholar
Thomas, D. W. & Geiser, F. Periodic arousals in hibernating mammals: Is evaporative water loss involved?. Funct. Ecol. 11, 585–591 (1997).
Google Scholar
Haase, C. G. et al. Incorporating evaporative water loss into bioenergetic models of hibernation to test for relative influence of host and pathogen traits on white-nose syndrome. PLoS One 14, e0222311 (2019).
Google Scholar
Willis, C. K. Conservation physiology and conservation pathogens: White-nose syndrome and integrative biology for host–pathogen systems. Integr. Comp. Biol. 55, 631–641 (2015).
Google Scholar
Frick, W. F. et al. Disease alters macroecological patterns of North American bats. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 24, 741–749 (2015).
Google Scholar
Willis, C. K., Menzies, A. K., Boyles, J. G. & Wojciechowski, M. S. Evaporative water loss is a plausible explanation for mortality of bats from white-nose syndrome. Integr. Comp. Biol. 51, 364–373. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr076 (2011).
Google Scholar
Wilder, A. P., Frick, W. F., Langwig, K. E. & Kunz, T. H. Risk factors associated with mortality from white-nose syndrome among hibernating bat colonies. Biol. Lett. 7, 950–953 (2011).
Google Scholar
Langwig, K. E. et al. Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates determine the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal disease, white-nose syndrome. Ecol. Lett. 15, 1050–1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01829.x (2012).
Google Scholar
Voigt, C. C. & Kingston, T. Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World (Springer, New York, 2016).
Google Scholar
Kahle, D. & Wickham, H. ggmap: Spatial visualization with ggplot2. R J. 5, 144–161 (2013).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
