
Veríssimo, D. et al. Increased conservation marketing effort has major fundraising benefits for even the least popular species. Biol. Conserv. 211, 95–101 (2017).
Veríssimo, D., MacMillan, D. C. & Smith, R. J. Toward a systematic approach for identifying conservation flagships. Conserv. Lett. 4, 1–8 (2011).
Smith, R. J., Veríssimo, D., Isaac Nicholas, J. B. & Jones Kate, E. Identifying Cinderella species: uncovering mammals with conservation flagship appeal. Conserv. Lett. 5, 205–212 (2012).
Macdonald, E. A. et al. Conservation inequality and the charismatic cat: Felis felicis. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 3, 851–866 (2015).
Joseph, L. N., Maloney Richard, F., Watson James, E. M. & Possingham Hugh, P. Securing nonflagship species from extinction. Conserv. Lett. 4, 324–325 (2011).
Caro, T. Conservation by Proxy: Indicator, Umbrella, Keystone, Flagship, and Other Surrogate Species (Island Press, Washington, DC, 2010).
Ripple, W. J. et al. Saving the world’s terrestrial megafauna. BioScience 66, 807–812 (2016).
Macdonald, E. A. et al. Identifying ambassador species for conservation marketing. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 12, 204–214 (2017).
Williams, P. H., Burgess, N. D. & Rahbek, C. Flagship species, ecological complementarity and conserving the diversity of mammals and birds in sub-Saharan Africa. Anim. Conserv. 3, 249–260 (2000).
Simberloff, D. Flagships, umbrellas, and keystones: Is single-species management passé in the landscape era? Biol. Conserv. 83, 247–257 (1998).
Andelman, S. J. & Fagan, W. F. Umbrellas and flagships: efficient conservation surrogates or expensive mistakes? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5954 (2000).
Smith, R. J., Verissimo, D. & MacMillan, D. C. in Marketing and conservation: How to lose friends and influence people. Trade-offs in Conservation: Deciding What to Save (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010).
Eken, G. et al. Key biodiversity areas as site conservation targets. BioScience 54, 1110–1118 (2004).
IUCN. A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas, Version 1.0. 1st edn (IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 2016).
BirdLife International. Marine Important Bird Areas: Priority Sites for the Conservation of Biodiversity (BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK, 2010).
Orme, C. D. L. et al. Global hotspots of species richness are not congruent with endemism or threat. Nature 436, 1016 (2005).
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853 (2000).
Roberts, C. M. et al. Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs. Science 295, 1280 (2002).
Grenyer, R. et al. Global distribution and conservation of rare and threatened vertebrates. Nature 444, 93 (2006).
Brum, F. T. et al. Global priorities for conservation across multiple dimensions of mammalian diversity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 7641–7646 (2017).
Roll, U. et al. The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation. Nat. Evol. Ecol. 1, 1677–1682 (2018).
Turner, W. R. et al. Global conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. BioScience 57, 868–873 (2007).
Watson, J. E. M. et al. Catastrophic declines in wilderness areas undermine global environment targets. Curr. Biol. 26, 2929–2934 (2016).
Brooks, T. M. et al. Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science 313, 58 (2006).
Smith, R. J., Veríssimo, D., Leader-Williams, N., Cowling, R. M. & Knight, A. T. Let the locals lead. Nature 462, 280 (2009).
Halpern, B. S. et al. Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world’s ocean. Nat. Commun. 6, 7615 (2015).
Venter, O. et al. Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation. Nat. Commun. 7, 12558 (2016).
Tulloch, V. J. D. et al. Why do we map threats? Linking threat mapping with actions to make better conservation decisions. Front. Ecol. Environ. 13, 91–99 (2015).
Wilson, K. A., McBride, M. F., Bode, M. & Possingham, H. P. Prioritizing global conservation efforts. Nature 440, 337 (2006).
Brown, C. J. et al. Effective conservation requires clear objectives and prioritizing actions, not places or species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, E4342 (2015).
Game, E. T., Kareiva, P. & Possingham, H. P. Six common mistakes in conservation priority setting. Conserv. Biol. 27, 480–485 (2013).
Wall, T. U., McNie, E. & Garfin Gregg, M. Use-inspired science: making science usable by and useful to decision makers. Front. Ecol. Environ. 15, 551–559 (2017).
Groves, C. & Game, E. T. (eds) Conservation Planning: Informed Decisions for a Healthier Planet 608 (Roberts and Company Publishers Inc., Colorado, USA, 2015).
Di Minin, E. & Moilanen, A. Improving the surrogacy effectiveness of charismatic megafauna with well-surveyed taxonomic groups and habitat types. J. Appl. Ecol. 51, 281–288 (2013).
IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (2016).
Olson, M. D. & Dinerstein, E. The Global 200: a representation approach to conserving the Earth’s most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conserv. Biol. 12, 502–515 (2008).
UNEP-WCMC. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, Cambridge, UK, 2017). www.protectedplanet.net.
Bennett, J. R., Maloney, R. & Possingham, H. P. Biodiversity gains from efficient use of private sponsorship for flagship species conservation. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2693 (2015).
Albert, C., Luque, M. L. & Courchamp, F. The twenty most charismatic species. PLoS ONE 13, e0199149 (2018).
Douglas, L. & Veríssimo, R. D. Flagships or battleships: deconstructing the relationship between social conflict and conservation flagship species. Environ. Soc. 4, 98–116 (2013).
Smith et al. Synergies between the key biodiversity area and systematic conservation planning approaches. Conserv. Lett. 12, e12625 (2019).
Dinerstein, E. et al. An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience 67, 534–545 (2017).
McCarthy, D. P. et al. Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs. Science 338, 946–949 (2012).
Barbier, E. B., Burgess, J. C. & Dean, T. J. How to pay for saving biodiversity. Science 360, 486 (2018).
Isaak, R. The Making of the Ecopreneur (Schaper, M. ed.) Making Ecopreneurs: Developing Sustainable Entrepreneurship (Routledge, London, 2010).
Hausmann, A., Slotow, R., Fraser, I. & Di Minin, E. Ecotourism marketing alternative to charismatic megafauna can also support biodiversity conservation. Anim. Conserv. 20, 91–100 (2016).
Roll, U. et al. Using Wikipedia page views to explore the cultural importance of global reptiles. Biol. Conserv. 204, 42–50 (2016).
BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World. 2016 Bird species distribution maps of the world. Version 6.0. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/requestdis (2016).
Butchart, S. et al. Shortfalls and solutions for meeting national and global conservation area targets. Conserv. Lett. 8, 329–337 (2015).
Visconti, P. et al. Effects of errors and gaps in spatial data sets on assessment of conservation progress. Conserv. Biol. 27, 1000–1010 (2013).
Maréchaux, I., Rodrigues, A. S. & Charpentier, A. The value of coarse species range maps to inform local biodiversity conservation in a global context. Ecography 40, 1166–1176 (2016).
Allan, J. R. et al. Recent increases in human pressure and forest loss threaten many Natural World Heritage Sites. Biol. Conserv. 206, 47–55 (2017).
R Core Team. R Foundation for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2013).
Source: Ecology - nature.com