Liu, X. Y. et al. Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for Arctic tundra plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115(13), 3398–3403 (2018).
Galloway, J. N. et al. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320(5878), 889–892 (2008).
Zheng, W. et al. Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield under wheat-maize double cropping system. Field Crops Res. 197, 52–62 (2016).
Wang, G. et al. Identification and characterization of improved nitrogen efficiency in interspecific hybridized new-type Brassica napus. Ann. Bot. 114(3), 549–559 (2014).
Grant, C. A. et al. Crop yield and nitrogen concentration with controlled release urea and split applications of nitrogen as compared to non-coated urea applied at seeding. Field Crops Res. 127, 170–180 (2012).
Zhang, X. et al. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature 528(7580), 51 (2015).
Gul, S. & Whalen, J. K. Biochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in biochar-amended soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 103, 1–15 (2016).
Case, S. D., McNamara, N. P., Reay, D. S. & Whitaker, J. The effect of biochar addition on N2O and CO2 emissions from a sandy loam soil—the role of soil aeration. Soil Biol. Biochem. 51, 125–134 (2012).
Güereña, D. et al. Nitrogen dynamics following field application of biochar in a temperate North American maize-based production system. Plant Soil 365(1–2), 239–254 (2013).
Kim, P., Hensley, D. & Labbé, N. Nutrient release from switchgrass-derived biochar pellets embedded with fertilizers. Geoderma 232, 341–351 (2014).
Schmidt, H. et al. Fourfold increase in pumpkin yield in response to low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar to a fertile tropical soil. Agriculture. 5(3), 723–741 (2015).
Kammann, C. I. et al. Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar. Sci. Rep. 5, 11080 (2015).
Montes-Morán, M. A., Suárez, D., Menéndez, J. A. & Fuente, E. On the nature of basic sites on carbon surfaces: an overview. Carbon 42(7), 1219–1225 (2004).
Amonette, J. E., Joseph, S. Characteristics of biochar: microchemical properties. In Biochar for environmental management, 65–84 (Routledge, 2012).
Qian, L. et al. Biochar compound fertilizer as an option to reach high productivity but low carbon intensity in rice agriculture of China. Carbon Manag. 5(2), 145–154 (2014).
Chunxue, Y. et al. Developing more effective enhanced biochar fertilisers for improvement of pepper yield and quality. Pedosphere. 25(5), 703–712 (2015).
Chen, L. et al. Formulating and optimizing a novel biochar-based fertilizer for simultaneous slow-release of nitrogen and immobilization of cadmium. Sustainability. 10(8), 2740 (2018).
Wen, P. et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of a novel biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with enhanced water-retention capacity. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5(8), 7374–7382 (2017).
Zheng, H. et al. Enhanced growth of halophyte plants in biochar-amended coastal soil: roles of nutrient availability and rhizosphere microbial modulation. Plant Cell Environ. 41(3), 517–532 (2017).
Zhou, Z. et al. Increases in bacterial community network complexity induced by biochar-based fertilizer amendments to karst calcareous soil. Geoderma 337, 691–700 (2019).
Nelson, M. B., Martiny, A. C. & Martiny, J. B. Global biogeography of microbial nitrogen-cycling traits in soil. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113(29), 8033–8040 (2016).
Lehmann, J. et al. Biochar effects on soil biota–a review. Soil Biol. Biochem. 43(9), 1812–1836 (2011).
Levy-Booth, D. J., Prescott, C. E. & Grayston, S. J. Microbial functional genes involved in nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification in forest ecosystems. Soil Biol. Biochem. 75, 11–25 (2014).
Francis, C. A., Beman, J. M. & Kuypers, M. M. New processes and players in the nitrogen cycle: the microbial ecology of anaerobic and archaeal ammonia oxidation. ISME J. 1(1), 19 (2007).
Song, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, B., Chang, S. X. & Gong, J. Biochar addition affected the dynamics of ammonia oxidizers and nitrification in microcosms of a coastal alkaline soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 50(2), 321–332 (2014).
Wang, Z. et al. Reduced nitrification and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in acidic soil amended with biochar. Chemosphere 138, 576–583 (2015).
Ducey, T. F., Ippolito, J. A., Cantrell, K. B., Novak, J. M. & Lentz, R. D. Addition of activated switchgrass biochar to an aridic subsoil increases microbial nitrogen cycling gene abundances. Appl. Soil. Ecol. 65, 65–72 (2013).
Harter, J. et al. Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community. ISME J. 8(3), 660 (2014).
Bai, S. H. et al. Wood biochar increases nitrogen retention in field settings mainly through abiotic processes. Soil Biol. Biochem. 90, 232–240 (2015).
Han, Y. L. et al. Nitrogen use efficiency is mediated by vacuolar nitrate sequestration capacity in roots of Brassica napus. Plant Physiol. 170(3), 1684–1698 (2016).
USDA FAS (Foreign Agricultural Service) Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade (2015).
Barłóg, P. & Grzebisz, W. Effect of timing and nitrogen fertilizer application on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). II. Nitrogen uptake dynamics and fertilizer efficiency. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 190(5), 314–323 (2004).
Li, X. et al. Responses of plant development, biomass and seed production of direct sown oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to nitrogen application at different stages in Yangtze River Basin. Field Crops Res. 194, 12–20 (2016).
Liu, X. R. et al. A biochar-based route for environmentally friendly controlled release of nitrogen: urea-loaded biochar and bentonite composite. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 2045–2322 (2019).
Gao, X., Li, C., Zhang, M., Wang, R. & Chen, B. Controlled release urea improved the nitrogen use efficiency, yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on silt loamy soil. Field Crops Res. 181, 60–68 (2015).
Liang, Y., Cao, X., Zhao, L., Xu, X. & Harris, W. Phosphorus release from dairy manure, the manure-derived biochar, and their amended soil: effects of phosphorus nature and soil property. J. Environ. Qual. 43(4), 1504–1509 (2014).
Li, D. et al. Effects of low nitrogen supply on relationships between photosynthesis and nitrogen status at different leaf position in wheat seedlings. Plant Growth Regul. 70(3), 257–263 (2013).
Gombert, J. et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen dynamics in oilseed rape using 15N-labeling field experiment. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 173(6), 875–884 (2010).
Kuypers, M. M., Marchant, H. K. & Kartal, B. The microbial nitrogen-cycling network. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 16(5), 263 (2018).
Stein, L. Y. & Klotz, M. G. The nitrogen cycle. Curr. Biol. 26, R94–R98 (2016).
Li, J. et al. amoA gene abundances and nitrification potential rates suggest that benthic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and not archaea dominate N cycling in the Colne Estuary, United Kingdom. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81(1), 159–165 (2015).
Zhang, L. M., Hu, H. W., Shen, J. P. & He, J. Z. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea have more important role than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in ammonia oxidation of strongly acidic soils. ISME J. 6(5), 1032 (2012).
Shen, X. Y. et al. Nitrogen loading levels affect abundance and composition of soil ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes in semiarid temperate grassland. J. Soils Sediments. 11(7), 1243 (2011).
Simonin, M. et al. Coupling between and among ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers in grassland mesocosms submitted to elevated CO2 and nitrogen supply. Microb. Ecol. 70(3), 809–818 (2015).
Kolton, M., Graber, E. R., Tsehansky, L., Elad, Y. & Cytryn, E. Biochar-stimulated plant performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere. New Phytol. 213(3), 1393–1404 (2017).
Xu, S. et al. Linking N2O emissions from biofertilizer-amended soil of tea plantations to the abundance and structure of N2O-reducing microbial communities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 52(19), 11338–11345 (2018).
Farrell, M. et al. Microbial utilisation of biochar-derived carbon. Sci. Total Environ. 465, 288–297 (2013).
Whitman, T. et al. Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter. ISME J. 10(12), 2918 (2016).
Trivedi, P., Anderson, I. C. & Singh, B. K. Microbial modulators of soil carbon storage: integrating genomic and metabolic knowledge for global prediction. Trends Microbiol. 21(12), 641–651 (2013).
Kindaichi, T., Yamaoka, S., Uehara, R., Ozaki, N., Ohashi, A., Albertsen, M., Nielsen, J. L. Phylogenetic diversity and ecophysiology of Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria in activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 92(6) (2016).
Gregersen, L. H., Bryant, D. A. & Frigaard, N. U. Mechanisms and evolution of oxidative sulfur metabolism in green sulfur bacteria. Front. Microbiol. 2, 116 (2011).
Rivas, R. et al. A new species of Devosia that forms a unique nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis with the aquatic legume Neptunia natans (Lf) Druce. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68(11), 5217–5222 (2002).
Kappler, A. et al. Biochar as an electron shuttle between bacteria and Fe (III) minerals. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 1, 339–344 (2014).
Saquing, J. M., Yu, Y. & Chiu, P. C. Wood-derived black carbon (biochar) as a microbial electron donor and acceptor. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 3, 62–66 (2016).
Yu, L., Yuan, Y., Tang, J., Wang, Y. & Zhou, S. Biochar as an electron shuttle for reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol by Geobacter sulfurreducens. Sci. Rep. 5, 16221 (2015).
Zhou, G. et al. Electron shuttles enhance anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron (III) reduction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 9298–9307 (2016).
Lu, S., Lepo, J. E., Song, H. X., Guan, C. Y. & Zhang, Z. H. Increased rice yield in long-term crop rotation regimes through improved soil structure, rhizosphere microbial communities, and nutrient bioavailability in paddy soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 54(8), 909–923 (2018).
Medina, L., Sartain, J. B., Obreza, T. A., Hall, W. L. & Thiex, N. J. Evaluation of a soil incubation method to characterize nitrogen release patterns of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers. J. AOAC Int. 97(3), 643–660 (2014).
Zhang, S. et al. Bio-based interpenetrating network polymer composites from locust sawdust as coating material for environmentally friendly controlled-release urea fertilizers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 64(28), 5692–5700 (2016).
Sciubba, L., Cavani, L., Marzadori, C. & Ciavatta, C. Effect of biosolids from municipal sewage sludge composted with rice husk on soil functionality. Biol. Fertil. Soils 49(5), 597–608 (2013).
He, J. Z. et al. Quantitative analyses of the abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea of a Chinese upland red soil under long-term fertilization practices. Environ. Microbiol. 9(9), 2364–2374 (2007).
Schnürer, J. & Rosswall, T. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43(6), 1256–1261 (1982).
Yao, M. et al. The differentiation of soil bacterial communities along a precipitation and temperature gradient in the eastern Inner Mongolia steppe. CATENA 152, 47–56 (2017).
Luo, H. H., Zhang, Y. L. & Zhang, W. F. Effects of water stress and rewatering on photosynthesis, root activity, and yield of cotton with drip irrigation under mulch. Photosynthetica. 54(1), 65–73 (2016).
Fan, X. et al. Comparing nitrate storage and remobilization in two rice cultivars that differ in their nitrogen use efficiency. J. Exp. Bot. 58(7), 1729–1740 (2007).
Vestergaard, G., Schulz, S., Schöler, A. & Schloter, M. Making big data smart—how to use metagenomics to understand soil quality. Biol. Fertil. Soils 53(5), 479–484 (2017).
Schöler, A., Jacquiod, S., Vestergaard, G., Schulz, S. & Schloter, M. Analysis of soil microbial communities based on amplicon sequencing of marker genes. Biol. Fertil. Soils 53, 485–489 (2017).
Oksanen J., Blanchet F G., Friendly M., Kindt R., Legendre P., McGlinn D., Minchin P R., O’Hara R B., Simpson G L., Solymos P., Stevens M H. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.4–1 (2016).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
