in

Treeline ecotones shape the distribution of avian species richness and functional diversity in south temperate mountains

  • 1.

    Pearse, W. D. et al. Building up biogeography: pattern to process. J. Biogeogr. 45, 1223–1230 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 2.

    Wiens, J. J. The niche, biogeography and species interactions. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 366, 2336–2350 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 3.

    Blyth, S., Groombridge, B., Lysenko, I., Miles, L. & Newton, A. Mountain watch: environmental change and sustainable developmental in mountains. UNEP World Conserv. Monit. Centre https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44936 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 4.

    Nagy, L. & Grabherr, G. The Biology of Alpine Habitats (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • 5.

    Boyle, W. A., Sandercock, B. K. & Martin, K. Patterns and drivers of intraspecific variation in avian life history along elevational gradients: a meta-analysis. Biol. Rev. 91, 469–482 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 6.

    Martin, K. et al. Effects of severe weather on reproduction for sympatric songbirds in an alpine environment: interactions of climate extremes influence nesting success. Auk 134, 696–709 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 7.

    Freeman, B. G., Lee-Yaw, J. A., Sunday, J. M. & Hargreaves, A. L. Expanding, shifting and shrinking: the impact of global warming on species’ elevational distributions. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12774 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 8.

    Scridel, D. et al. A review and meta-analysis of the effects of climate change on Holarctic mountain and upland bird populations. Ibis (Lond. 1859) 160, 489–515 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 9.

    Rabosky, D. L. & Hurlbert, A. H. Species richness at continental scales is dominated by ecological limits. Am. Nat. 185, 572–583 (2015).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 10.

    Ibarra, J. T. & Martin, K. Biotic homogenization: loss of avian functional richness and habitat specialists in disturbed Andean temperate forests. Biol. Conserv. 192, 418–427 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 11.

    MacArthur, R. H. & MacArthur, J. W. On bird species diversity. Ecology 42, 594–598 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 12.

    Terborgh, J. Distribution on environmental gradients: theory and a preliminary interpretation of distributional patterns in the avifauna of the cordillera vilcabamba, Peru. Ecology 52, 23–40 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 13.

    Ghalambor, C. K., Huey, R. B., Martin, P. R., Tewksbury, J. J. & Wang, G. Are mountain passes higher in the tropics? Janzen’s hypothesis revisited. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46, 5–17 (2006).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 14.

    Jankowski, J. E., Ciecka, A. L., Meyer, N. Y. & Rabenold, K. N. Beta diversity along environmental gradients: Implications of habitat specialization in tropical montane landscapes. J. Anim. Ecol. 78, 315–327 (2009).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 15.

    Jankowski, J. E. et al. The relationship of tropical bird communities to tree species composition and vegetation structure along an Andean elevational gradient. J. Biogeogr. 40, 950–962 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 16.

    Janzen, D. H. Why mountain passes are higher in the tropics?. Am. Nat. 101, 233–249 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 17.

    Freeman, B. G. Lower elevation animal species do not tend to be better competitors than their higher elevation relatives. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13014 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 18.

    He, X., Luo, K., Brown, C. & Lin, L. A taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic perspective on the community assembly of passerine birds along an elevational gradient in southwest China. Ecol. Evol. 8, 2712–2720 (2018).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

  • 19.

    Terborgh, J. & Weske, J. S. The role of competition in the distribution of Andean birds. Ecology 56, 562–576 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 20.

    Vuilleumier, F. Forest birds of patagonia: ecological geography, speciation, endemism, and faunal history. Ornithol. Monogr. https://doi.org/10.2307/40168287 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 21.

    Estades, C. F., Condor, T. & Aug, N. Bird-habitat relationships in a vegetational gradient in the andes of central Chile. Condor 99, 719–727 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 22.

    Meynard, C. N. & Quinn, J. F. Bird metacommunities in temperate South American forest: vegetation structure, area, and climate effects. Ecology 89, 981–990 (2008).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 23.

    Devictor, V. et al. Spatial mismatch and congruence between taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity: the need for integrative conservation strategies in a changing world. Ecol. Lett. 13, 1030–1040 (2010).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 24.

    Díaz, S. & Cabido, M. Vive la différence: plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16, 646–655 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 25.

    Cadotte, M. W., Carscadden, K. & Mirotchnick, N. Beyond species: functional diversity and the maintenance of ecological processes and services. J. Appl. Ecol. 48, 1079–1087 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 26.

    Flynn, D. F. B. et al. Loss of functional diversity under land use intensification across multiple taxa. Ecol. Lett. 12, 22–33 (2009).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 27.

    Mayfield, M. M. et al. What does species richness tell us about functional trait diversity? Predictions and evidence for responses of species and functional trait diversity to land-use change. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 19, 423–431 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  • 28.

    Boersma, K. S. et al. Linking multidimensional functional diversity to quantitative methods: a graphical hypothesis-evaluation framework. Ecology 97, 583–593 (2016).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 29.

    Borges, S. H. et al. Dissecting bird diversity in the Pantepui area of endemism, northern South America. J. Ornithol. 159, 1073–1086 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 30.

    Herzog, S. K., Kessler, M. & Bach, K. The elevational gradient in Andean bird species richness at the local scale: a foothill peak and a high-elevation plateau. Ecography (Cop.) 28, 209–222 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 31.

    Araneda, P., Sielfeld, W., Bonacic, C. & Ibarra, J. T. Bird diversity along elevational gradients in the Dry Tropical Andes of northern Chile: the potential role of Aymara indigenous traditional agriculture. PLoS ONE 13, e0207544 (2018).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

  • 32.

    Caviedes, J. & Ibarra, J. T. Influence of anthropogenic disturbances on stand structural complexity in Andean temperate forests: implications for managing key habitat for biodiversity. PLoS ONE 12, e0169450 (2017).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 33.

    Altamirano, T. A., Ibarra, J. T., Martin, K. & Bonacic, C. The conservation value of tree decay processes as a key driver structuring tree cavity nest webs in South American temperate rainforests. Biodivers. Conserv. 26, 2453–2472 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 34.

    Blake, J. G. & Loiselle, B. A. Diversity of birds along an elevational gradient in the Cordillera Central, Costa Rica. Auk 117, 663–686 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 35.

    Ibarra, J. T., Martin, M., Cockle, K. L. & Martin, K. Maintaining ecosystem resilience: Functional responses of tree cavity nesters to logging in temperate forests of the Americas. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–9 (2017).

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • 36.

    Ibarra, J. T. et al. Seasonal dynamics of avian guilds inside and outside core protected areas in an Andean Biosphere Reserve of southern Chile. Bird Study 64, 410 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 37.

    Lindenmayer, D. B. Conserving large old trees as small natural features. Biol. Conserv. 211, 51–59 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 38.

    Salguero-Gómez, R., Violle, C., Gimenez, O. & Childs, D. Delivering the promises of trait-based approaches to the needs of demographic approaches, and vice versa. Funct. Ecol. 32, 1424–1435. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13148 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 39.

    Stork, N. E. et al. Consistency of effects of tropical-forest disturbance on species composition and richness relative to use of indicator taxa. Conserv. Biol. 31, 924–933 (2017).

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 40.

    Ibarra, J. T. & Martin, K. Beyond species richness: an empirical test of top predators as surrogates for functional diversity and endemism. Ecosphere 6, 1–15 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 41.

    Jankowski, J. E., Robinson, S. K. & Levey, D. J. Squeezed at the top: interspecific aggression may constrain elevational ranges in tropical birds. Ecology 91, 1877–1884 (2010).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 42.

    Mouchet, M. A., Villéger, S., Mason, N. W. H. & Mouillot, D. Functional diversity measures: an overview of their redundancy and their ability to discriminate community assembly rules. Funct. Ecol. 24, 867–876 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 43.

    Huey, R. B., Hertz, P. E. & Sinervo, B. Behavioral drive versus behavioral inertia in evolution: a null model approach. Am. Nat. 161, 357–366 (2003).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 44.

    Martin, T. E. Evolutionary determinants of clutch size in cavity-nesting birds: nest predation or limited breeding opportunities?. Am. Nat. 142, 937–946 (1993).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 45.

    Jackson, M. M., Gergel, S. E. & Martin, K. Effects of climate change on habitat availability and configuration for an endemic coastal alpine bird. PLoS ONE 10(11), e0142110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146838 (2015).

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 46.

    Martin, K. The ecological values of mountain environments and wildlife. In The Impacts of Skiing and Related Winter Recreational Activities on Mountain Environments (eds Rixen, C. & Rolando, A.) 3–29 (Bentham Science Publishers, Sharjah, 2013). https://doi.org/10.2174/9781608054886113010004.

    Google Scholar 

  • 47.

    Chen, I.-C., Hill, J. K., Ohlemüller, R., Roy, D. B. & Thomas, C. D. Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science (80-.) 333, 1024–1026 (2011).

    ADS  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • 48.

    Harsch, M. A., Hulme, P. E., McGlone, M. S. & Duncan, R. P. Are treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming. Ecol. Lett. 12, 1040–1049 (2009).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 49.

    Braunisch, V. et al. Temperate mountain forest biodiversity under climate change: Compensating negative effects by increasing structural complexity. PLoS ONE 9, e97718 (2014).

    ADS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 50.

    Boyle, W. A. & Martin, K. The conservation value of high elevation habitats to North American migrant birds. Biol. Conserv. 192, 461–476 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 51.

    Buckland, S. T. et al. Introduction to Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • 52.

    Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D., Hill, D. A. & Mustoe, S. Bird Census Techniques (Academic Press, Cambridge, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • 53.

    Petchey, O. L. & Gaston, K. J. Functional diversity: back to basics and looking forward. Ecol. Lett. 9, 741–758 (2006).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 54.

    Laiolo, P., Pato, J. & Obeso, J. R. Ecological and evolutionary drivers of the elevational gradient of diversity. Ecol. Lett. 21, 1022–1032 (2018).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 55.

    Ikin, K. et al. Avian functional responses to landscape recovery. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 286, 20190114 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 56.

    Barbe, L., Morel, R., Rantier, Y., Lebas, J. F. & Butet, A. Bird communities of a temperate forest: spatio-temporal partitioning between resident and migratory species. J. Ornithol. 159, 457–469 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 57.

    Luck, G. W., Carter, A. & Smallbone, L. Changes in bird functional diversity across multiple land uses: interpretations of functional redundancy depend on functional group identity. PLoS ONE 8, e63671 (2013).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

  • 58.

    Brown, J. H., Gillooly, J. F., Allen, A. P., Savage, V. M. & West, G. B. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85, 1771–1789 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 59.

    Woodward, G. et al. Body size in ecological networks. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20, 402–409 (2005).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 60.

    Royle, J. A., Dawson, D. K. & Bates, S. Modelling abundance effects in distance sampling. Ecology 85, 1591–1597 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 61.

    Marques, T. A., Thomas, L., Fancy, S. G. & Buckland, S. T. Improving estimates of bird density using multiple-covariate distance sampling. Auk 124, 1229–1243 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 62.

    Chandler, R. Distance Sampling Analysis in Unmarked (ISGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • 63.

    Harrison, X. A. et al. A brief introduction to mixed effects modelling and multi-model inference in ecology. PeerJ 6, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4794 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 64.

    Drever, M. C. & Martin, K. Response of woodpeckers to changes in forest health and harvest: Implications for conservation of avian biodiversity. For. Ecol. Manage. 259, 958–966 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 65.

    Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Ecological Modelling Vol. 172 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • 66.

    Mason, N. W. H., Mouillot, D., Lee, W. G. & Wilson, J. B. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity. Oikos 111, 112–118 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 67.

    De Cáceres, M., Legendre, P. & He, F. Dissimilarity measurements and the size structure of ecological communities. Methods Ecol. Evol. 4, 1167–1177 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 68.

    Anderson, M. J. Distance-based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Biometrics 62, 245–253 (2006).

    MathSciNet  PubMed  MATH  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 69.

    Laliberté, E. & Legendre, P. A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits. Ecology 91, 299–305 (2010).

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 70.

    R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing (2018).

  • 71.

    Jaksic, F. M. & Feinsinger, P. Bird assemblages in temperate forests of North and South America: a comparison of diversity, dynamics, guild structure, and resource use. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 64, 491–510 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • 72.

    Martínez, D. & González, G. Aves de Chile. Guías de campo y breve historia natural (Ediciones del Naturalista, Madrid, 2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • 73.

    Altamirano, T. A. et al. Hábitos de nidificación de las aves del bosque templado andino de Chile (2012).

  • 74.

    Jaramillo, A., Burke, P. & Beadle, D. Birds of Chile (Christopher Helm, London, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • 75.

    Altamirano, T. A., Ibarra, J. T., de la Maza, M., Navarrete, S. A. & Bonacic, C. Reproductive life-history variation in a secondary cavity-nester across an elevational gradient in Andean temperate ecosystems. Auk 132, 826–835 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 76.

    Medrano, F., Barros, R., Norambuena, H. V., Matus, R. & Schmitt, F. Atlas de las aves nidificantes de Chile (Red de Observadores de Aves y Vida Silvestre de Chile, Chile, 2018).

    Google Scholar 

  • 77.

    del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. & Kirwan, G. Handbook of the birds of the World Alive (Lynx Editions, Barcelona, 2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • 78.

    Dunning, J. B. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses (CRC Press, London, 2007).

    Google Scholar 


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    Co-haplotyping symbiont and host to unravel invasion pathways of the exotic pest Halyomorpha halys in Italy

    Drivers of tropical soil invertebrate community composition and richness across tropical secondary forests using DNA metasystematics