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    Gregariousness in the giant sloth Lestodon (Xenarthra): multi-proxy approach of a bonebed from the Last Maximum Glacial of Argentine Pampas

    1. Fariña, R. A., Vizcaíno, S. F. & De Iuliis, G. Megafauna: Giant Beasts of Pleistocene South America 416 (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2013). Google Scholar  2. Fariña, R. A. et al. Arroyo del Vizcaíno, Uruguay: a fossil-rich 30-ka-old megafaunal locality with cut-marked bones. Proc. R. Soc. Lon. B 281, 20132211. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2211 (2013). Article  Google […] More

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    A Congo Basin ethnographic analogue of pre-Columbian Amazonian raised fields shows the ephemeral legacy of organic matter management

    Construction and maintenance of RFs Construction of RFs is described in detail by Comptour et al.11 and summarized here. RFs in Mossaka are constructed in the floodplain on heavy clay soils where two tributary rivers, the Sangha and the Likouala-Mossaka, join the Congo River (see SI for detailed description of the study area). RFs in […] More

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    Physical controls and ENSO event influence on weathering in the Panama Canal Watershed

    Empirical studies over the past two decades have documented the importance of small mountainous rivers (SMRs), particularly those in the tropics, on global silicate weathering and associated CO2 consumption budgets. In a search for controls, studies have recognized the strong positive feedback between physical and chemical weathering1,2,3 and noted the importance of underlying volcanic lithologies […] More

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    Multiple drivers of Miocene C4 ecosystem expansions

    1. Cerling, T. E. et al. Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 389, 153–158 (1997). Article  Google Scholar  2. Tipple, B. & Pagani, M. The early origins of terrestrial C4 photosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 35, 435–461 (2007). Article  Google Scholar  3. Polissar, P. J., Rose, C., Uno, K. T., Phelps, S. […] More

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    Effect of rice straw and swine manure biochar on N2O emission from paddy soil

    Soil characteristics The physiochemical parameters of the paddy soil during the different rice growth stages are shown in Fig. 1. The pH value increased in the 1% RSBC, 1% SMBC, 5% RSBC and 5% SMBC-supplemented soils in that order compared to the control samples. Thus, SMBC had a greater alkalization effect than RSBC at both application […] More

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    Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015

    1. Forest Europe. State of Europe’s Forests 2015 (Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, 2015); https://foresteurope.org/state-europes-forests-2015-report/. 2. Grassi, G. et al. The key role of forests in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation. Nat. Clim. Chang. 7, 220–226 (2017). ADS  Article  Google Scholar  3. Masson-Delmotte, V. et al. (eds) IPCC […] More

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    Root exudate composition of grass and forb species in natural grasslands

    Chemical richness and composition of metabolites detected by GC-MS (polar metabolites) The untargeted metabolite profiling of the investigated samples revealed an annotation of 285 features (detected monoisotopic signals characterized by their specific retention time and mass to charge ration) (Supplementary Table 1). A total of 66 of these features were identified and classified as metabolites of […] More