Philippa Kaur

Urban areas are often found to have high levels of biodiversity, but little is known on how fine-scale land use is structuring species diversity in cities. We used species occurrence records from GBIF and official land cover classifications to determine how habitat affects total species richness, and the number of threatened and alien species. We […] More

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1. Valkiunas, G. Avian malaria parasites and other Haemosporidia. (CRC Press, 2005). 2. Work, T. M. & Rameyer, R. A. Haemoproteus iwa n. sp. in Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor [Gmelin]) from Hawaii: Parasite morphology and prevalence. J. Parasitol. 82, 489–491 (1996). 3. Padilla, L. R. et al. Health Assesment of seabirds on Isla Genovesa, Galapagos […] More

Experimental procedures Experiments were performed at three Camponotus japonicus colonies (denoted by A1, MS, and MG). An average distance between colonies was 131.7 m, and they were located at Seoul National University Gwanak campus (latitude = 37° 27′ N; longitude = 126° 57′ E). We conducted trials at MS, MG in 2016 and at A1 in […] More

Animal collection, characteristics and care For the experiments, we used a total of 24 P. elephas individuals of a wide range of sizes. Only inter-moult individuals with full sets of intact appendages were selected for this study. We carefully collected 17 juveniles by hand while scuba diving in the Bay of Perros Guirec (48°50′2.044″ N, 3°26′28.312″ […] More

Model A detailed model description is provided in the Supplementary methods. Here, we only illustrate the core equations. In the model, an individual’s potential growth rate (without neighbors) is defined as: $$frac{{dm}}{{dt}} = am^{frac{3}{4}}left[ {1 – S – left( {frac{m}{M}} right)^{frac{1}{4}}} right]$$ (1) where m is total mass, a is a species-specific constant, and M […] More

1. Sobek, S., Söderbäck, B., Karlsson, S., Andersson, E. & Brunberg, A. K. A Carbon budget of a small humic lake: an example of the importance of lakes for organic matter cycling in boreal catchments. Ambio 35, 469–475 (2006). 2. Tranvik, L. J., Cole, J. J. & Praire, Y. T. The study of carbon in […] More

1. Pecl, G. T. et al. Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science 355, eaai9214 (2017). 2. Smale, D. A. et al. Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. Nat. Clim. Chang. 9, 306–312 (2019). 3. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. & Bruno, J. F. The impact of climate […] More