Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
M. Aaron MacNeil & Taylor Gorham
Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
Demian D. Chapman, Michael Heithaus, Jeremy Kiszka, Mark E. Bond, Kathryn I. Flowers, Gina Clementi, Khadeeja Ali, Laura García Barcia, Erika Bonnema, Camila Cáceres, Naomi F. Farabough, Virginia Fourqurean, Kirk Gastrich, Devanshi Kasana, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Jessica Quinlan, Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann & Elizabeth Whitman
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Michelle Heupel & Leanne M. Currey-Randall
Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Colin A. Simpfendorfer, C. Samantha Sherman, Stacy Bierwagen, Brooke D’Alberto, Lachlan George, Sushmita Mukherji & Audrey Schlaff
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Mark Meekan, Conrad W. Speed, Matthew J. Rees & Dianne McLean
The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
Mark Meekan, Conrad W. Speed & Dianne McLean
School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
Euan Harvey & Jordan Goetze
Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
Jordan Goetze
Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
Matthew J. Rees
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
Vinay Udyawer
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Jasmine Valentin-Albanese, Diego Cardeñosa, Stephen Heck & Bradley Peterson
International Pole and Line Foundation, Malé, Maldives
M. Shiham Adam
Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Maldives
Khadeeja Ali
Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros (CIEC), Cayo Coco, Morón, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
Fabián Pina-Amargós
Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba
Jorge A. Angulo-Valdés & Alexei Ruiz-Abierno
Galbraith Marine Science Laboratory, Eckerd College, St Petersburg, FL, USA
Jorge A. Angulo-Valdés
Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
Jacob Asher
Habitat and Living Marine Resources Program, Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
Jacob Asher
Réseau requins des Antilles Francaises, Kap Natirel, Vieux-Fort, Guadeloupe
Océane Beaufort
Mahonia Na Dari Research and Conservation Centre, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea
Cecilie Benjamin
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
Anthony T. F. Bernard
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Anthony T. F. Bernard
Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Michael L. Berumen, Jesse E. M. Cochran & Royale S. Hardenstine
Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Rosalind M. K. Bown, Daniel Fernando, Nishan Perera & Akshay Tanna
Bren School of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Darcey Bradley
Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas
Edd Brooks
Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
J. Jed Brown
University of the West Indies, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica
Dayne Buddo
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Patrick Burke
Albion College, Albion, MI, USA
Jeffrey C. Carrier
Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Jennifer E. Caselle
Coastal Impact, Quitula, Aldona Bardez, India
Venkatesh Charloo
CUFR Mayotte & Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
Thomas Claverie
PSL Research University, LABEX CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Mòorea, French Polynesia
Eric Clua
Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
Neil Cook, Lanya Fanovich & Aljoscha Wothke
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Neil Cook
ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Jessica Cramp & Joshua E. Cinner
Sharks Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Jessica Cramp
Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
Martin de Graaf
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
Mareike Dornhege
Waitt Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Andy Estep
Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA
Anna L. Flam, Andrea Marshall & Alexandra M. Watts
The South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
Camilla Floros
Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
Ricardo Garla
Independent consultant, Hull, UK
Rory Graham
Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
Tristan Guttridge & Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann
Saving the Blue, Kendall, Miami, FL, USA
Tristan Guttridge
Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Aaron C. Henderson
The School for Field Studies Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
Aaron C. Henderson & Heidi Hertler
Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
Robert Hueter
Operation Wallacea, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, UK
Mohini Johnson
Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
Stacy Jupiter
Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
Steven T. Kessel
Kenya Fisheries Service, Mombasa, Kenya
Benedict Kiilu
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Development, Kiritimati, Kiribati
Taratu Kirata
Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Baraka Kuguru
University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
Fabian Kyne
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Tim Langlois
Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Elodie J. I. Lédée
Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau
Steve Lindfield
Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
Andrea Luna-Acosta
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hataitai, New Zealand
Jade Maggs
Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
Philip Matich
Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, CA, USA
Erin McCombs
Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Annapolis, MD, USA
Llewelyn Meggs
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation & Attractions, Parks & Wildlife WA, Pilbara Region, Nickol, Western Australia, Australia
Stephen Moore
Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, The Philippines
Ryan Murray & Alessandro Ponzo
Wasage Divers, Wakatobi and Buton, Indonesia
Muslimin Kaimuddin
Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
Stephen J. Newman & Michael J. Travers
Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
Josep Nogués
CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
Clay Obota & Melita Samoilys
The Centre for Ocean Research and Education, Gregory Town, Eleuthera, Bahamas
Owen O’Shea
Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
Kennedy Osuka
Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
Andhika Prasetyo
Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin Bau-Bau, Bau-Bau, Indonesia
L. M. Sjamsul Quamar
Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
Enric Sala
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Melita Samoilys
HJR Reefscaping, Boquerón, Puerto Rico
Michelle Schärer-Umpierre
SalvageBlue, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Nikola Simpson
School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
Adam N. H. Smith
Indo Ocean Project, PT Nomads Diving Bali, Nusa Penida, Indonesia
Lauren Sparks
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Akshay Tanna & Alexandra M. Watts
Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Rubén Torres
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR ENTROPIE (IRD-UR-UNC-CNRS-IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia
Laurent Vigliola
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional, Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa
Juney Ward
Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
Colin Wen
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Aaron J. Wirsing
Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park, GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
Esteban Zarza-Gonzâlez
D. Chapman and M. Heithaus conceived the study with assistance from M. Heupel, C.A.S., M.M., E.H. and M.A.M. D. Chapman, M. Heithaus, M. Heupel, C.A.S., M.M. and E.H. directed fieldwork run by J.G., J.K., M.E.B., L.M.C.-R., C.W.S., K.I.F., J.V.-A., G.C. and C.S.S. Database management was by T. Gorham. M.A.M. and D. Chapman drafted the manuscript, with help from M. Heithaus, M. Heupel, C.A.S., J.E.M.C., M.M., E.H., J.G., J.K., M.E.B., L.M.C.-R., C.W.S., C.S.S., M.J.R., V.U. and T. Gorham. All other authors contributed equally, made substantial contributions to data collection, provided input and approved the text in the manuscript.
Source: Ecology - nature.com
