Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R. & Milo, R. The biomass distribution on Earth. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 6506–6511 (2018).
Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T. & Falkowski, P. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science 281, 237–240 (1998).
Menden-Deuer, S. & Kiørboe, T. HORIZONS small bugs with a big impact: linking plankton ecology with ecosystem processes. J. Plankton Res. 38, 1036–1043 (2016).
Azam, F. Microbial control of oceanic carbon flux: the plot thickens. Science 280, 694–696 (1998).
McManus, M. A. & Woodson, C. B. Plankton distribution and ocean dispersal. J. Exp. Biol. 215, 1008–1016 (2012).
Schuech, R. & Menden-Deuer, S. Going ballistic in the plankton: anisotropic swimming behavior of marine protists. Limnol. Oceanogr. Fluids Environ. 4, 1–16 (2014).
von Wangenheim, D. et al. Live tracking of moving samples in confocal microscopy for vertically grown roots. eLife 6, e26792 (2017).
Berg, H. C. How to track bacteria. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, 868–871 (1971).
Kim, D. H. et al. Pan-neuronal calcium imaging with cellular resolution in freely swimming zebrafish. Nat. Methods 14, 1107–1114 (2017).
Darnige, T. et al. Lagrangian 3D tracking of fluorescent microscopic objects in motion. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 055106 (2017).
Drescher, K., Goldstein, R. E., Michel, N., Polin, M. & Tuval, I. Direct measurement of the flow field around swimming microorganisms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 1–4 (2010).
Cong, L. et al. Rapid whole-brain imaging of neural activity in freely behaving larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). eLife 6, 1–20 (2017).
Ploug, H. & Jørgensen, B. B. A net-jet flow system for mass transfer and micro electrode studies in sinking aggregates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 176, 279 (1999).
Drescher, K., Leptos, K. C. & Goldstein, R. E. How to track protists in three dimensions. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 1–7 (2009).
Verasztó, C. et al. Ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptor-cell circuits form a spectral depth gauge in marine zooplankton. eLife 7, 1–19 (2018).
Sauma-Pérez, T., Johnson, C. G., Yang, L. & Mullin, T. An experimental study of the motion of a light sphere in a rotating viscous fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 847, 119–133 (2018).
Van Nierop, E. A. et al. Drag and lift forces on bubbles in a rotating flow. J. Fluid Mech. 571, 439–454 (2007).
Mukundakrishnan, K., Hu, H. H. & Ayyaswamy, P. S. The dynamics of two spherical particles in a confined rotating flow: Pedalling motion. J. Fluid Mech. 599, 169–204 (2008).
Wolf, A. & Schwarz, R. P. Culture Vessel. NASA technical paper 3143 (1999).
Schwarz, R. P., Goodwin, T. J. & Wolf, D. A. Cell culture for three-dimensional modeling in rotating-wall vessels: an application of simulated microgravity. J. Tissue Cult. Methods 14, 51–57 (1992).
Salzen, E. A. The density of sea urchin eggs, embryos and larvae. Exp. Cell Res. 12, 615–625 (1957).
Leal, L. G. Advanced Transport Phenomena: Fluid Mechanics and Convective Transport Processes, Vol. 7 (Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Marcos, F. H. C., Powers, T. R. & Stocker, R. Bacterial rheotaxis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 4780–4785 (2012).
Rusconi, R., Guasto, J. S. & Stocker, R. Bacterial transport suppressed by fluid shear. Nat. Phys. 10, 212–217 (2014).
Mathijssen, A. J. T. M. et al. Oscillatory surface rheotaxis of swimming E. coli bacteria. Nat. Commun. 10, 7–9 (2019).
Strathmann, R. R. Larval feeding in echinoderms. Integr. Comp. Biol. 15, 717–730 (1975).
Strathmann, R. R. & Grünbaum, D. Good eaters, poor swimmers: compromises in larval form. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46, 312–322 (2006).
Emlet, R. B. Flow fields around ciliated larvae: effects of natural and artificial tethers. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 63, 211–225 (1990).
Gonzalez, P., Jiang, J. Z. & Lowe, C. J. The development and metamorphosis of the indirect developing acorn worm Schizocardium californicum (Enteropneusta: Spengelidae). Front. Zool. 15, 1–24 (2018).
Keeling, P. J. & del Campo, J. Marine protists are not just big bacteria. Curr. Biol. 27, R541–R549 (2017).
Cheriton, O. M., McManus, M. A., Stacey, M. T. & Steinbuck, J. V. Physical and biological controls on the maintenance and dissipation of a thin phytoplankton layer. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 378, 55–69 (2009).
Zimorski, V., Rauch, C., Van, J. J., Tielens, A. G. M. & Martin, W. F. (eds.) Euglena: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology. 979 (2017).
Kim, I.-H., Prusti, R. K., Song, P.-S., Häder, D.-P. & Häder, M. Phototaxis and photophobic responses in Stentor coeruleus action spectrum and role of Ca2+ fluxes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 799, 298–304 (1984).
Mackie, G. O., Spencer, A. N. & Strathmann, R. Electrical activity associated with ciliary reversal in an echinoderm larva. Nature 223, 1384 (1969).
Gemmell, B. J., Jiang, H. & Buskey, E. J. A new approach to micro-scale particle image velocimetry (μPIV) for quantifying flows around free-swimming zooplankton. J. Plankton Res. 36, 1396–1401 (2014).
Nielsen, L. T. & Kiørboe, T. Feeding currents facilitate a mixotrophic way of life. ISME J. 9, 2117–2127 (2015).
Conzelmann, M. et al. Neuropeptides regulate swimming depth of Platynereis larvae. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, E1174–E1183 (2011).
Fenchel, T. & Ockelmann, K. W. Larva on a string. Ophelia 56, 171–178 (2002).
Gilpin, W., Prakash, V. N. & Prakash, M. Vortex arrays and ciliary tangles underlie the feeding-swimming trade-off in starfish larvae. Nat. Phys. 13, 380–386 (2017).
Pernet, B. in Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, Vol. 1 (Oxford University Press, 2018).
Jékely, G. et al. Mechanism of phototaxis in marine zooplankton. Nature 456, 395–399 (2008).
Tosches, M. A., Bucher, D., Vopalensky, P. & Arendt, D. Melatonin signaling controls circadian swimming behavior in marine zooplankton. Cell 159, 46–57 (2014).
Drescher, K., Goldstein, R. E. & Tuval, I. Fidelity of adaptive phototaxis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 11171–11176 (2010).
Costa, M., Goldberger, A. L. & Peng, C. K. Multiscale entropy analysis of biological signals. Phys. Rev. E 71, 1–18 (2005).
Nguyen, J. P. et al. Whole-brain calcium imaging with cellular resolution in freely behaving C. elegans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E1074-81 (2016).
Hardy, A. C. & Bainbridge, R. Experimental observations on the vertical migrations of plankton animals. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 33, 409–448 (1954).
Cowen, R. K. & Sponaugle, S. Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1, 443–466 (2008).
Cowen, R. K., Lwiza, K. M. M., Sponaugle, S., Paris, C. B. & Olson, D. B. Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed? Science 287, 857–859 (2000).
Boyd, P. W., Claustre, H., Levy, M., Siegel, D. A. & Weber, T. Multi-faceted particle pumps drive carbon sequestration in the ocean. Nature 568, 327–335 (2019).
DeLong, E. F. The microbial ocean from genomes to biomes. Nature 459, 200–206 (2009).
Lukežič, A. et al. Discriminative correlation filter tracker with channel and spatial reliability. Int. J. Computer Vis. 126, 671–688 (2018).
Zhu, Z. et al. Distractor-aware siamese networks for visual object tracking. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 11213, 103–119 (2018).
Batten, C. F., Holburn, D. M., Breton, B. C. & Caldwell, N. H. M. Sharpness search algorithms for automatic focusing in the scanning electron microscope. Scanning 23, 112–113 (2001).
Batten, C. F. Autofocusing and Astigmatism Correction in the Scanning Electron Microscope. MPhil thesis, University of Cambridge (2000).
Strathmann, M. F. Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast: Data and Methods for the Study of Eggs, Embryos and Larvae (University of Washington Press, 2017).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
