in

Sustainable palm fruit harvesting as a pathway to conserve Amazon peatland forests

  • Dargie, G. C. et al. Age, extent and carbon storage of the central Congo Basin peatland complex. Nature 542, 86–90 (2017).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, C. M., Vargas Paredes, V. H., Gilmore, M. P. & Endress, B. A. Spatio-temporal patterns of Mauritia flexuosa fruit extraction in the Peruvian Amazon: implications for conservation and sustainability. Appl. Geogr. 97, 98–108 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Virapongse, A., Endress, B. A., Gilmore, M. P., Horn, C. & Romulo, C. Ecology, livelihoods, and management of the Mauritia flexuosa palm in South America. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 10, 70–92 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hoek, Y., Solas, S. Á. & Peñuela, M. C. The palm Mauritia flexuosa, a keystone plant resource on multiple fronts. Biodivers. Conserv. 28, 539–551 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Roucoux, K. H. et al. Threats to intact tropical peatlands and opportunities for their conservation. Conserv. Biol. 31, 1283–1292 (2017).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dargie, G. C. et al. Congo Basin peatlands: threats and conservation priorities. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 24, 669–686 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, A. K., Tripathi, Y. C. & Kumar, A. Non timber forest products (NTFPs) for sustained livelihood: challenges and strategies. Res. J. For. 10, 1–7 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kor, L., Homewood, K., Dawson, T. P. & Diazgranados, M. Sustainability of wild plant use in the Andean Community of South America. Ambio 50, 1681–1697 (2021).

  • Draper, F. C. et al. The distribution and amount of carbon in the largest peatland complex in Amazonia. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 124017 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitas, L. Impacto del aprovechamiento en la estructura, producción y valor de uso del aguaje en la Amazonía peruana. Recur. Naturales y Ambient. 67, 35–45 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aprovechamiento de los Residuos de Mauritia flexuosa (ITP-CITE, 2018).

  • Falen, L. Y. & Honorio Coronado, E. N. Assessment of the techniques use to harvest buriti fruits (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) in the district of Jenaro Herrera, Loreto, Peru. Folia Amazónica 27, 131–150 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Draper, F. C. et al. Peatland forests are the least diverse tree communities documented in Amazonia, but contribute to high regional beta-diversity. Ecography 41, 1256–1269 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bejarano, P. & Piana, R. Plan de Manejo de los Aguajales Aledaños al Caño Parinari (WWF-AIF/DK – Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria, 2002).

  • Manzi, M. & Coomes, O. T. Managing Amazonian palms for community use: a case of aguaje palm (Mauritia flexuosa) in Peru. For. Ecol. Manage. 257, 510–517 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, T. R. et al. How can ecologists help realise the potential of payments for carbon in tropical forest countries? J. Appl. Ecol. 47, 1159–1165 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Padoch, C. Marketing of non-timber forest products in Western Amazonia: general observations and research priorities. Adv. Econ. Bot. 9, 43–50 (1192).

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, C., Couturierb, G. & Mejía, K. Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae: Calamoideae), an Amazonian palm with cultivation purposes in Peru. Fruits 62, 157–169 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Living Planet Index 2020—Bending the Curve of Biodiversity Loss (WWF, 2020).

  • Gentry, A. H. & Vasquez, R. Where have all the ceibas gone? A case history of mismanagement of a tropical forest resource. For. Ecol. Manage. 23, 73–76 (1988).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauly, D. Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 430 (1995).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Soga, M. & Gaston, K. J. Shifting baseline syndrome: causes, consequences, and implications. Front. Ecol. 16, 222–230 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nic Lughadha, E. et al. Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi. Plants People Planet 2, 389–408 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ter Steege, H. et al. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500936 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, F. & de Granville, J. J. Palms in Forest Ecosystems of Amazonia (Springer-Verlag, 1992).

  • Freitas, L., Zárate, Z., Bardales, R. & Del Castillo, D. Efecto de la densidad de siembra en el desarrollo vegetativo del aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) en plantaciones forestales. Rev. Peru. de. Biol. 26, 227–234 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Benítez-López, A. et al. The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations. Science 356, 180–183 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, B. A., Gilmore, M. P., Vargas, V. H. & Horn, C. Data on spatio-temporal patterns of wild fruit harvest from the economically important palm Mauritia flexuosa in the Peruvian Amazon. Data Brief 20, 132–139 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahrends, A. et al. Predictable waves of sequential forest degradation and biodiversity loss spreading from an African city. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14556–14561 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, G. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162, 1243–1248 (1968).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, E. in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online (eds Durlauf, N.S. & Blume, L.E.) (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008); https://hdl.handle.net/10535/5887

  • Dietz, T., Ostrom, E. & Stern, P. C. The struggle to govern the commons. Science 302, 1907–1912 (2003).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaza, C., Bernal, R., Galeano, G. & Martorell, C. Demography of Euterpe precatoria and Mauritia flexuosa in the Amazon: application of integral projection models for their harvest. Biotropica 49, 653–664 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuquinbalqui, C. M. et al. Diagnóstico socioeconómico de la población organizada para el manejo de recursos naturales en las cuencas Yanayacu Pucate y Pacaya en la Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria (Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria – SERNANP, 2014).

  • Koh, L. & Wilcove, D. Cashing in palm oil for conservation. Nature 448, 993–994 (2007).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdiyarso, D., Suryadiputra, I. N. & Wahyunto. Tropical peatlands management and climate change: a case study in Sumatra, Indonesia. In Proc. 12th International Peat Congress on Wise Use of Peatlands Vol. 1 (ed. Paivanen, J.) 698–706 (International Peat Society, 2004).

  • Freitas, M. A. B. et al. Intensification of açaí palm management largely impoverishes tree assemblages in the Amazon estuarine forest. Biol. Conserv. 261, 109251 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Plan Operativo de Castaña Región Madre de Dios (MINCETUR, 2007).

  • La Industria de la Madera en el Perú. Identificación de las Barreras y Oportunidades para el Comercio Interno de Productos Responsables de Madera, Provenientes de Fuentes Sostenibles y Legales en las MIPYMES del Perú (FAO, 2018).

  • Transferencias por Tipo de Canon, Regalías, y Otros (Congreso Perú, 2019).

  • Peters, C. M., Gentry, A. H. & Mendelsohn, R. O. Valuation of an Amazonian rainforest. Nature 339, 655–656 (1989).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheil, D. & Wunder, S. The value of tropical forest to local communities: complications, caveats, and cautions. Conserv. Ecol. 6, 9 (2002).

  • Belcher, B. & Schreckenberg, K. Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: a reality check. Dev. Policy Rev. 25, 355–377 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • López, M. et al. What Do We Know about Peruvian Peatlands? (CIFOR, 2020).

  • Gilmore, M. P., Endress, B. A. & Horn, C. M. The socio-cultural importance of Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps (aguajales) and implications for multi-use management in two Maijuna communities of the Peruvian Amazon. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 9, 29 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tagle Casapia, X. et al. Identifying and quantifying the abundance of economically important palms in tropical moist forest using UAV imagery. Remote Sens 12, 9 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruenig, E. F. Conservation and Management of Tropical Rainforests: An integrated Approach to Sustainability 2nd edn (CABI, 2016).

  • de Mello, N. G., Gulinckb, H., Van den Broeckc, P. & Parra, P. Social-ecological sustainability of non-timber forest products: a review and theoretical considerations for future research. For. Policy Econ. 112, 102109 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • van Lent, J. Land-Use Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Tropics: Forest Degradation on Peat Soils. PhD thesis, Wageningen Univ. Res. (2020).

  • Baker, T. R. et al. in Peru: Deforestation in Times of Climate Change (ed. Chirif, A.) 155–174 (IWGIA, Servindi, ONAMIAP & COHARYIMA, 2019).

  • Bhomia, R. K. et al. Impacts of Mauritia flexuosa degradation on the carbon stocks of freshwater peatlands in the Pastaza-Marañón river basin of the Peruvian Amazon. Mitig. Adapt Strateg. Glob. Change 24, 645–668 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Marengo, J. in Geoecología y Desarrollo Amazónico: Estudio Integrado en la Zona de Iquitos Biológica – Geographica – Geológica (eds Kalliola, R. & Flores, S.) 35–57 (Univ. Turku Press, 1998).

  • Koolen, H. H. F., Da Silva, F. M. A., Da Silva, V. S. V., Paz, W. H. P. & Bataglion, G. A. in Exotic Fruits (eds Rodrigues, S. et al.) 61–67 (Elsevier, 2018).

  • Malleux, O. J. Inventarios Forestales en Bosques Tropicales (Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 1982).

  • Del Castillo, D., Otárola, E. & Freitas, L. Aguaje, La Maravillosa Palmera de la Vida (Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, 2006).

  • Khorsand Rosa, M., Barbosa, R. & Koptur, S. Which factors explain reproductive output of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in forest and savanna habitats of northern Amazonia? Int. J. Plant Sci. 175, 307–318 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinteros, Y., Roca, F. & Quinteros, V. in XIV. Morichales y cananguchales y otros palmares inundables de Suramérica. Parte II: Colombia, Venezuela, Brasil, Perú, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay y Argentina Vol. XIV Serie recursos hidrobiológicos y pesqueros continentales de Colombia (eds Lasso, C. A. et al.) 265–282 (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 2016).

  • Hergoualc’h, K., Gutiérrez-Vélez, V. H., Menton, M. & Verchot, L. V. Characterizing degradation of palm swamp peatlands from space and on the ground: an exploratory study in the Peruvian Amazon. For. Ecol. Manage. 393, 63–73 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Honorio Coronado, E. N. et al. Intensive field sampling increases the known extent of carbon-rich Amazonian peatland pole forests. Environ. Res. Lett. 16, 074048 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • de Jong, J. The Impact of Indigenous and Local Communities in the Peruvian Amazon: Integrating Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing. MSc thesis, Wageningen Univ. Res. (2019).

  • Alvarado, L. Estudio del Potencial de las Embarcaciones Solares en la Amazonía. Caso de Estudio Río Napo. MA thesis, Universidad Politécnica Madrid (2017).

  • ArcGIS Desktop v.10.4 (ESRI, 2015).

  • Directorio Nacional de Centrol Poblados – Censos Nacionales 2017- XII de Poblacion, VII de vivienda y III de Comunidades indigenas (Instituto Nacional de Estadítica e Informática, 2018).

  • Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 (2015).

  • R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R version 3.5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2019).

  • Taylor, J. R. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements 2nd edn (University Science Books, 1997).

  • Consumer Price Index (Peru) (World Bank Group, 2020); https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL?locations=PE


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    Black Kites on a flyway between Western Siberia and the Indian Subcontinent

    Chemical reactions for the energy transition