Zhu, S. et al. Distinct impacts of spring soil moisture over the Indo-China Peninsula on summer precipitation in the Yangtze River basin under different SST backgrounds. Clim. Dyn. 56, 1895–1918 (2021).
Shi, P. et al. Significant land contributions to interannual predictability of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall. Earth’s Futur 9, 1–16 (2021).
Wu, G. et al. Thermal controls on the Asian summer monsoon. Sci. Rep. 2, 404 (2012).
Wei, W., Zhang, R., Wen, M., Rong, X. & Li, T. Impact of Indian summer monsoon on the South Asian High and its influence on summer rainfall over China. Clim. Dyn. 43, 1257–1269 (2014).
Wang, B., Xiang, B. & Lee, J. Y. Subtropical High predictability establishes a promising way for monsoon and tropical storm predictions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 2718–2722 (2013).
Kundzewicz, Z. W. et al. Climate variability and floods in China—a review. Earth-Sci. Rev. 211, 103434 (2020).
Wang, C., Yang, K., Li, Y., Wu, D. & Bo, Y. Impacts of spatiotemporal anomalies of Tibetan plateau snow cover on summer precipitation in Eastern China. J. Clim. 30, 885–903 (2017).
Ding, T. & Gao, H. Relationship between winter snow cover days in Northeast China and rainfall near the Yangtze river basin in the following summer. J. Meteorol. Res. 29, 400–411 (2015).
Kundzewicz, Z. W. et al. Flood risk and its reduction in China. Adv. Water Resour. 130, 37–45 (2019).
Jiang, T. et al. Each 0.5 °C of warming increases annual flood losses in China by more than US$60 billion. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 101, E1464–E1474 (2021).
Su, B. et al. Drought losses in China might double between the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 10600–10605 (2018).
Li, Z., Sun, Y., Li, T., Ding, Y. & Hu, T. Future Changes in East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation Under 1.5 to 5 °C of Warming. Earth’s Futur 7, 1391–1406 (2019).
Zhang, R. H. Natural and human-induced changes in summer climate over the East Asian Monsoon region in the last half century: a review. Adv. Clim. Chang. Res. 6, 131–140 (2015).
Almazroui, M. et al. Projected changes in climate extremes using CMIP6 simulations over SREX regions. Earth Syst. Environ. 5, 481–497 (2021).
Huang, J. J., Zhang, N., Choi, G., McBean, E. A. & Zhang, Q. Spatiotemporal patterns and trends of precipitation and their correlations with related meteorological factors by two sets of reanalysis data in China. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss 5, 1–35 (2018).
Ha, K. J., Heo, K. Y., Lee, S. S., Yun, K. S. & Jhun, J. G. Variability in the East Asian Monsoon: a review. Meteorol. Appl. 19, 200–215 (2012).
Wang, P. X. et al. The global monsoon across time scales: Mechanisms and outstanding issues. Earth-Sci. Rev. 174, 84–121 (2017).
Wu, G. et al. The influence of mechanical and thermal forcing by the Tibetan Plateau on Asian climate. J. Hydrometeorol. 8, 770–789 (2007).
Abe, M., Hori, M., Yasunari, T. & Kitoh, A. Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the onsetof the summer monsoon in South Asia: The role of the air-sea interaction. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118, 1760–1776 (2013).
Abbas, A., Waseem, M., Ullah, W., Zhao, C. & Zhu, J. Spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological and hydrological droughts and their propagations. Water 13, 2237 (2021).
Zhu, C., Lee, W. S., Kang, H. & Park, C. K. A proper monsoon index for seasonal and interannual variations of the East Asian Monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, 1–5 (2005).
Wu, L. & Zhang, J. The relationship between spring soil moisture and summer hot extremes over North China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 32, 1660–1668 (2015).
Gao, C. et al. Land–atmosphere interaction over the Indo-China Peninsula during spring and its effect on the following summer climate over the Yangtze River basin. Clim. Dyn. 53, 6181–6198 (2019).
Wang, B. & Fan, Z. Choice of South Asian summer monsoon indices. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 80, 629–638 (1999).
Lv, A., Qu, B., Jia, S. & Zhu, W. Influence of three phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on daily precipitation regimes in China. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 23, 883–896 (2019).
Wu, Z., Li, J., Jiang, Z. & Ma, T. Modulation of the Tibetan Plateau snow cover on the ENSO teleconnections: from the East Asian summer monsoon perspective. J. Clim. 25, 2481–2489 (2012).
Liu, D., Wang, G., Mei, R., Yu, Z. & Yu, M. Impact of initial soil moisture anomalies on climate mean and extremes over Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 119, 529–545 (2014).
Ullah, W. et al. Observed linkage between Tibetan plateau soil moisture and South Asian summer precipitation and the possible mechanism. J. Clim. 34, 361–377 (2021).
Koster, R. D., Chang, Y., Wang, H. & Schubert, S. D. Impacts of local soil moisture anomalies on the atmospheric circulation and on remote surface meteorological fields during boreal summer: a comprehensive analysis over North America. J. Clim. 29, 7345–7364 (2016).
Seneviratne, S. I. et al. Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions in a changing climate: a review. Earth-Sci. Rev. 99, 125–161 (2010).
Mei, R. & Wang, G. Impact of sea surface temperature and soil moisture on summer precipitation in the united states based on observational data. J. Hydrometeorol. 12, 1086–1099 (2011).
Alessandri, A. & Navarra, A. On the coupling between vegetation and rainfall inter-annual anomalies: possible contributions to seasonal rainfall predictability over land areas. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, 1–6 (2008).
Dorigo, W. et al. ESA CCI soil moisture for improved Earth system understanding: state-of-the art and future directions. Remote Sens. Environ. 203, 185–215 (2017).
Santanello, J. A. et al. Land-atmosphere interactions the LoCo perspective. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 99, 1253–1272 (2018).
Rasmijn, L. M. et al. Future equivalent of 2010 Russian heatwave intensified by weakening soil moisture constraints. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 381–385 (2018).
Denissen, J. M. C. et al. Soil moisture signature in global weather balloon soundings. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci. 4, 13 (2021).
Lau, W. K. M. & Kim, K. M. The 2010 Pakistan flood and Russian heat wave: teleconnection of hydrometeorological extremes. J. Hydrometeorol. 13, 392–403 (2012).
Mann, M. E. et al. Influence of anthropogenic climate change on planetary wave resonance and extreme weather events. Sci. Rep. 7, 12 (2017).
Miralles, D. G., Teuling, A. J., Van Heerwaarden, C. C. & De Arellano, J. V. G. Mega-heatwave temperatures due to combined soil desiccation and atmospheric heat accumulation. Nat. Geosci. 7, 345–349 (2014).
Dong, X., Zhou, Y., Chen, H., Zhou, B. & Sun, S. Lag impacts of the anomalous July soil moisture over Southern China on the August rainfall over the Huang–Huai River Basin. Clim. Dyn. 58, 1737–1754 (2022).
Bao, Q., Liu, Y., Shi, J. & Wu, G. Comparisons of soil moisture datasets over the Tibetan Plateau and application to the simulation of Asia summer monsoon onset. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 27, 303–314 (2010).
Meng, X. et al. Detecting hydrological consistency between soil moisture and precipitation and changes of soil moisture in summer over the Tibetan Plateau. Clim. Dyn. 51, 4157–4168 (2018).
Wei, J. & Dirmeyer, P. A. Sensitivity of land precipitation to surface evapotranspiration: a nonlocal perspective based on water vapor transport. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 12588–12597 (2019).
Wei, J. & Dirmeyer, P. A. Dissecting soil moisture-precipitation coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, 1–6 (2012).
Kim, Y. & Wang, G. Soil moisture-vegetation-precipitation feedback over North America: its sensitivity to soil moisture climatology. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 117, 1–18 (2012).
Ullah, W., Wang, G., Gao, Z., Hagan, D. F. T. & Lou, D. Comparisons of remote sensing and reanalysis soil moisture products over the Tibetan Plateau, China. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 146, 110–121 (2018).
Samuel, J., Coulibaly, P., Dumedah, G. & Moradkhani, H. Assessing model state and forecasts variation in hydrologic data assimilation. J. Hydrol. 513, 127–141 (2014).
Koster, R. D. et al. Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation. Science 305, 1138–1140 (2004).
Navarra, A. & Tribbia, J. The coupled manifold. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 310–330 (2005).
Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. & Rubel, F. World map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z. 15, 259–263 (2006).
Liu, B. et al. Asian summer monsoon onset barrier and its formation mechanism. Clim. Dyn. 45, 711–726 (2015).
Liu, B., Wu, G., Mao, J. & He, J. Genesis of the South Asian high and its impact on the Asian summer monsoon onset. J. Clim. 26, 2976–2991 (2013).
Li, J. et al. How to measure the strength of the East Asian Summer monsoon. J. Clim. 21, 4449–4463 (2008).
Wang, B., LinHo, Zhang, Y. & Lu, M. M. Definition of South China Sea monsoon onset and commencement of the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Clim. 17, 699–710 (2004).
Xing, N., Li, J. & Wang, L. Effect of the early and late onset of summer monsoon over the Bay of Bengal on Asian precipitation in May. Clim. Dyn. 47, 1961–1970 (2016).
Khan, A. A. et al. Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and drought condition in Southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China, using various climate indices. Earth Syst. Environ. 5, 201–216 (2021).
Zhang, Z., Sun, X. & Yang, X.-Q. Understanding the interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation: joint influence of three oceanic signals. J. Clim. 31, 5485–5506 (2018).
Liu, L., Zhang, R. & Zuo, Z. Effect of spring precipitation on summer precipitation in Eastern China: role of soil moisture. J. Clim. 30, 9183–9194 (2017).
Chahine, M. T. The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate. Nature 359, 373–380 (1992).
Zhang, R. & Zuo, Z. Impact of spring soil moisture on surface energy balance and summer monsoon circulation over East Asia and precipitation in East China. J. Clim. 24, 3309–3322 (2011).
Berg, A., Lintner, B., Findell, K. & Giannini, A. Soil moisture influence on seasonality and large-scale circulation in simulations of the West African monsoon. J. Clim. 30, 2295–2317 (2017).
Taylor, C. M. et al. New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African monsoon multidisciplinary analysis. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 12, 38–44 (2011).
Zuo, Z. & Zhang, R. Influence of soil moisture in eastern China on the East Asian summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 33, 151–163 (2016).
Yang, K., Wang, C. & Bao, H. Contribution of soil moisture variability to summer precipitation in the northern hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res. 121, 12,108–12,214 (2016).
Min, J., Guo, Y. & Wang, G. Impacts of soil moisture on typical frontal rainstorm in Yangtze River Basin. Atmosphere 7, 0–24 (2016).
Zhu, B., Xie, X., Meng, S., Lu, C. & Yao, Y. Sensitivity of soil moisture to precipitation and temperature over China: present state and future projection. Sci. Total Environ. 705, 135774 (2020).
Cheng, S., Guan, X., Huang, J., Ji, F. & Guo, R. Long-term trend and variability of soil moisture over East Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 120, 8658–8670 (2015).
AbdelRahman, M. A. E. & Arafat, S. M. An approach of agricultural courses for soil conservation based on crop soil suitability using geomatics. Earth Syst. Environ. 4, 273–285 (2020).
Liu, Y. et al. Agriculture intensifies soil moisture decline in Northern China. Sci. Rep. 5, 11261 (2015).
Yuan, Q. et al. Coupling of soil moisture and air temperature from multiyear data during 1980–2013 over china. Atmosphere 11, 0–14 (2020).
Xu, Z., Chen, H., Guo, J. & Zhang, W. Contrasting effect of soil moisture on the daytime boundary layer under different thermodynamic conditions in summer over China. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48, 1–11 (2021).
Xia, K., Li, L., Tang, Y. & Wang, B. Impact of soil freezing-thawing processes on August rainfall over Southern China. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 127, 1–16 (2022).
Gu, X. et al. Extreme precipitation in China: a review on statistical methods and applications. Adv. Water Resour. 163, 104144 (2022).
Karthikeyan, L., Pan, M., Wanders, N., Kumar, D. N. & Wood, E. F. Four decades of microwave satellite soil moisture observations: Part 2. Product validation and inter-satellite comparisons. Adv. Water Resour. 109, 236–252 (2017).
Yuan, Z., Yang, Z., Yan, D. & Yin, J. Historical changes and future projection of extreme precipitation in China. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 127, 393–407 (2017).
Ren, Z. et al. Changes in daily extreme precipitation events in South China from 1961 to 2011. J. Geogr. Sci. 25, 58–68 (2015).
Dorigo, W. A. et al. Evaluation of the ESA CCI soil moisture product using ground-based observations. Remote Sens. Environ. 162, 380–395 (2015).
Wang, G., Garcia, D., Liu, Y., de Jeu, R. & Dolman, A. J. A three-dimensional gap filling method for large geophysical datasets: application to global satellite soil moisture observations. Environ. Model. Softw. 30, 139–142 (2012).
Hersbach, H. et al. Global reanalysis: goodbye ERA-Interim, hello ERA5. ECMWF Newsl. 17–24 (2019).
Hersbach, H. et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146, 1999–2049 (2020).
Hagan, D. F. T., Parinussa, R. M., Wang, G. & Draper, C. S. An evaluation of soil moisture anomalies from global model-based datasets over the People’s Republic of China. Water 12, 1–15 (2020).
Richman, M. B. & Vermette, S. J. The use of procrustes target analysis to discriminate dominant source regions of fine sulfur in the western USA. Atmos. Environ. Part A. Gen. Top. 27, 475–481 (1993).
Wang, G., Dolman, A. J. & Alessandri, A. A summer climate regime over Europe modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 15, 57–64 (2011).
Catalano, F., Alessandri, A., De Felice, M., Zhu, Z. & Myneni, R. B. Observationally based analysis of land-atmosphere coupling. Earth Syst. Dyn. 7, 251–266 (2016).
Hannachi, A. A primer for EOF analysis of climate data. (United Kingdom: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, 2004).
Lund, R. B., von Storch, H. & Zwiers, F. W. Statistical analysis in climate research. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 95, 1375 (2000).
Preisendorfer, R. W. Principal Component Analysis in Meteorology and Oceanography XVIII, 425 (Elsevier; Distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1988).
Krishnamurti, T. N. Tropical East-West circulations during the Northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 1342–1347 (1971).
Mancuso, R. L. A numerical procedure for computing fields of stream function and velocity potential. J. Appl. Meteorol. 6, 994–1001 (1967).
Kulkarni, P. L., Mitra, A. K., Narkhedkar, S. G., Bohra, A. K. & Rajamani, S. On the impact of divergent part of the wind computed from INSAT OLR data on global analysis and forecast fields. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 64, 61–82 (1997).
Wei, J., Su, H. & Yang, Z. L. Impact of moisture flux convergence and soil moisture on precipitation: a case study for the southern United States with implications for the globe. Clim. Dyn. 46, 467–481 (2016).
Pal, J. S. et al. Regional Climate Modeling for the Developing World: The ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 88, 1395–1410 (2007).
Dickinson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A. & Kennedy, P. J. Biosphere-atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) Version 1e as Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model (No. NCAR/TN-387+STR). (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 1993). https://doi.org/10.5065/D67W6959.
Emanuel, K. A. A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J. Atmos. Sci. 48, 2313–2329 (1991).
Pal, J. S., Small, E. E. & Eltahir, E. A. B. Simulation of regional-scale water and energy budgets: representation of subgrid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 105, 29579–29594 (2000).
Dirmeyer, P. A., Zeng, F. J., Ducharne, A., Morrill, J. C. & Koster, R. D. The sensitivity of surface fluxes to soil water content in three land surface schemes. J. Hydrometeorol. 1, 121–134 (2000).
Wei, J., Dickinson, R. E. & Chen, H. A negative soil moisture–precipitation relationship and its causes. J. Hydrometeorol. 9, 1364–1376 (2008).
Bisselink, B., van Meijgaard, E., Dolman, A. J. & de Jeu, R. A. M. Initializing a regional climate model with satellite-derived soil moisture. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116, 1–13 (2011).
Yang, K. & Wang, C. Seasonal persistence of soil moisture anomalies related to freeze–thaw over the Tibetan Plateau and prediction signal of summer precipitation in eastern China. Clim. Dyn. 53, 2411–2424 (2019).
Dickinson, R. E., Errico, R. M., Giorgi, F. & Bates, G. T. A regional climate model for the western United States. Clim. Change 15, 383–422 (1989).
Taylor, K. E. Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 106, 7183–7192 (2001).
Source: Resources - nature.com
