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Chemoautotrophic carbon fixation in thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Abstract

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from thermokarst lakes is usually considered to be prone to microbial degradation and releases substantial carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, potentially enhancing the positive permafrost carbon (C)-climate feedback. In contrast to this long-term standing view, here we show that dark C fixation exceeds DOC degradation in ~1/3 of the investigated thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, based on the combination of large-scale water and sediment sampling across seasons and years, biodegradable DOC experiments and 14C-labeling bicarbonate (NaH14CO3) assimilation incubation experiment. By employing qPCR, amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analyses, we find that microbial C fixation is mainly driven by nitrifying microorganisms via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle carried out by the cbbL gene (encoding form I ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). These findings demonstrate that chemoautotrophic C fixation predominates in part of thermokarst lakes, which could partly offset C emissions upon permafrost thaw and thus weaken the positive permafrost C-climate feedback.

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Data availability

All data supporting the findings in this study are available in the figshare database (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30081886.v3)82 and Supplementary Information. The sequence data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under accession number PRJNA1363675. Source data are provided with this paper.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Isotope Laboratory Platform from the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Analytical and Testing Center of Beijing Normal University for supporting NaH14CO3 assimilation experiment. The authors would also be grateful to Drs. Hongjie Zhang (from Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guohua Jiang and Jianhua Huang (both are from Beijing Normal University) for their technical assistance with the isotopic analyses. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32588202, 32425004, and 32571870), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0801903), the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE, and the Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2023QA004 and CAFYBB2024ZA034).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Futing Liu, Luyao Kang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China

    Futing Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization; Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Luyao Kang, Ziliang Li, Weijie Xu, Wei Zhou, Xuning Liu, Leiyi Chen, Shuqi Qin, Dianye Zhang, Yunfeng Peng & Yuanhe Yang

  3. China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China

    Luyao Kang, Ziliang Li, Weijie Xu, Wei Zhou, Xuning Liu, Leiyi Chen, Shuqi Qin, Dianye Zhang, Yunfeng Peng & Yuanhe Yang

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Luyao Kang, Wei Zhou & Yuanhe Yang

  5. CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain

    Josep Peñuelas

  6. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain

    Josep Peñuelas

  7. Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA

    Benjamin W. Abbott

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Contributions

Y.Y. conceived the idea. Y.Y., F.L., and L.K. designed the study. L.K., Z.L., F.L., W.Z., W.X., and X.L. conducted the field water and sediment sampling. F.L., L.K., Z.L., and W.X. performed the experiments. F.L. and L.K. analyzed the data. F.L., Y.Y., and L.K. wrote the manuscript with input from Z.L., J.P., B.W.A., L.C., S.Q., D.Z., and Y.P.

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Yuanhe Yang.

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Liu, F., Kang, L., Li, Z. et al. Chemoautotrophic carbon fixation in thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau.
Nat Commun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67478-x

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