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Thermal evolution of light hydrocarbon fingerprints in biodegraded oils from Ordovician reservoirs, Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin

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Abstract

Within the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin, Ordovician reservoirs in both the northern Halahatang (N-Halahatang) and western Lunnan (W-Lunnan) areas experienced extensive biodegradation during the Late Hercynian (Permian). Subsequent Himalayan (Neogene–Quaternary) tectonism induced divergent burial-thermal histories: the N-Halahatang reservoirs underwent intensive maturation (> 6,500 m depth; 1.02–1.22% Ro), while the W-Lunnan reservoirs experienced milder maturation (< 5,800 m depth; 0.70–0.85% Ro). Despite similar δ13Coil values indicating genetic affinity, the relatively deeply buried biodegraded oils from the N-Halahatang area contain abundant C6–C8 light hydrocarbons (LHs), while the biodegraded oils from the W-Lunnan area exhibit only trace amounts of C6–C8 LHs. To elucidate the evolution of LHs compositions and fingerprints in biodegraded oils under thermal maturation, and to determine whether the more enriched C6–C8 LHs in the N-Halahatang oils can be attributed to enhanced burial-thermal maturation, two relatively shallower-burial biodegraded oils (Well LG40: slight to moderate biodegradation‌; Well LG7: heavy to severe biodegradation) from the W-Lunnan area were artificially pyrolyzed to various maturities. Subsequently, LH parameters of the pyrolyzed oils were compared with those of the naturally matured, deeply buried oils (heavy to severe biodegradation) from the N-Halahatang area. The results indicated that both biodegraded oils generated C6–C8 LHs through thermal cracking, and the more severely biodegraded oil (Well LG7) exhibited a lower LH maximum yield than that from Well LG40. Certain parameters for organic matter type classification (n-C7–DMCP–MCH and 3RP–5RP–6RP diagrams) generally remained applicable during thermal maturation, whereas most parameters for secondary alteration identification and maturity assessment were significantly compromised. Additionally, LH parameters of the N-Halahatang oils (1.02–1.22% Ro) matched those of the LG7 pyrolyzed oils at EasyRo = 1.00–1.20%, confirming that the enriched C6–C8 LHs in the N-Halahatang oils can be attributed to cracking of biodegraded oils (with ‌biodegradation levels equivalent to Well LG7‌) under intense burial-thermal maturation. Furthermore, the potential C6–C13 LHs derived from biodegraded oil cracking constitute 11–16 wt% of N-Halahatang’s liquid hydrocarbon resources.

Data availability

Datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Jinzhong Liu, Mr. Yong Li, Dr. Zewen Liao, and Dr. Yankuan Tian for their assistance in laboratory analyses. The authors are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42173056 and 42572184), the project Theory of Hydrocarbon Enrichment under Multi-Spheric Interactions of the Earth (Grant No. THEMSIE04010104). This is also a contribution to the Special Fund for the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA14010103).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Yuwei Yang, Yuhong Liao, Yueyi Huang, Bin Cheng, Huanyu Lin & Yunpeng Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Yijun Zheng & Ping’An Peng

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yuwei Yang, Yuhong Liao, Yijun Zheng, Bin Cheng, Huanyu Lin, Yunpeng Wang & Ping’An Peng

  4. CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Yuwei Yang, Yuhong Liao, Yijun Zheng, Bin Cheng, Huanyu Lin, Yunpeng Wang & Ping’An Peng

  5. Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yueyi Huang

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Contributions

Yuwei Yang: Investigation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing-Original Draft; Yuhong Liao: Supervision, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing-Reviewing and Editing; Yueyi Huang: Data Curation; Yijun Zheng: Writing-Reviewing and Editing; Bin Cheng: Resources; Huanyu Lin: Visualization; Yunpeng Wang: Project administration, Funding acquisition; Ping’An Peng: Funding acquisition.

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Yuhong Liao.

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Yang, Y., Liao, Y., Huang, Y. et al. Thermal evolution of light hydrocarbon fingerprints in biodegraded oils from Ordovician reservoirs, Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin.
Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33256-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33256-4

Keywords

  • Biodegradation
  • Burial-thermal maturation
  • Light hydrocarbons
  • Ordovician reservoirs
  • Tabei Uplift
  • Tarim Basin

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