in

Pollen beetle offspring is more parasitized under moderate nitrogen fertilization of oilseed rape due to more attractive volatile signal

[adace-ad id="91168"]
  • Poelman, E. H., van Loon, J. J. A. & Dicke, M. Consequences of variation in plant defense for biodiversity at higher trophic levels. Trends Plant Sci. 13, 534–541 (2008).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Degenhardt, J. et al. Restoring a maize root signal that attracts insect-killing nematodes to control a major pest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 13213–13218 (2009).

    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicke, M. Behavioural and community ecology of plants that cry for help. Plant. Cell Environ. 32, 654–665 (2009).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Himanen, S. J. et al. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on volatile terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication of transgenic insecticidal oilseed rape (Brassica napus). New Phytol. 181, 174–186 (2009).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Girling, R. D. et al. Parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: A new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles. Proc. Biol. Sci. 278, 2646–2653 (2011).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamiru, A. et al. Maize landraces recruit egg and larval parasitoids in response to egg deposition by a herbivore. Ecol. Lett. 14, 1075–1083 (2011).

    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Njihia, T. N. et al. Identification of kairomones of second instar nymphs of the variegated coffee bug Antestiopsis thunbergii (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Chemoecology 27, 239–248 (2017).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, C. et al. Effects of abiotic factors on HIPV-mediated interactions between plants and parasitoids. BioMed. Res. Int. 2015, 1–18 (2015).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brilli, F., Loreto, F. & Baccelli, I. Exploiting plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in agriculture to improve sustainable defense strategies and productivity of crops. Front. Plant. Sci. 10, 264 (2019).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Aoun, W. B., El Akkari, M., Flénet, F., Jacquet, F. & Gabrielle, B. Recommended fertilization practices improve the environmental performance of biodiesel from winter oilseed rape in France. J. Cleaner Prod. 139, 242–249 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Micha, E., Roberts, W., O’ Sullivan, L., O’ Connell, K. & Daly, K. Examining the policy-practice gap: the divergence between regulation and reality in organic fertiliser allocation in pasture based systems. Agric. Syst. 179, 102708 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudareva, N., Klempien, A., Muhlemann, J. K. & Kaplan, I. Biosynthesis, function and metabolic engineering of plant volatile organic compounds. New Phytol. 198, 16–32 (2013).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ormeño, E. & Fernandez, C. Effect of soil nutrient on production and diversity of volatile terpenoids from plants. Curr. Bioact. Compd. 8, 71–79 (2012).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, B. et al. VOC emissions and carbon balance of two bioenergy plantations in response to nitrogen fertilization: A comparison of Miscanthus and Salix. Environ. Pollut. 237, 205–217 (2018).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, D. M., Cortesero, A. M., Rains, G. C., Potter, T. & Lewis, W. J. Nitrogen and water affect direct and indirect plant systemic induced defense in cotton. Biol. Control. 49, 239–244 (2009).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosatto, L., Lainé, P. & Ourry, A. Nitrogen storage and remobilization in Brassica napus L. during the growth cycle: Nitrogen fluxes within the plant and changes in soluble protein patterns. J Exp Bot 52, 1655–1663 (2001).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoneyama, T., Ito, O. & Engelaar, W. M. H. G. Uptake, metabolism and distribution of nitrogen in crop plants traced by enriched and natural 15N: Progress over the last 30 years. Phytochem. Rev. 2, 121–132 (2003).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahey, J. W., Zalcmann, A. T. & Talalay, P. The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry 56, 5–51 (2001).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mithen, R. F. Glucosinolates and their degradation products. Adv. Bot. Res. 35, 213–262 (2001).

    ADS 
    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Coronado, H. et al. Analysis of a suppressive subtractive hybridization library of Alternaria alternata resistant to 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. Electron. J. Biotechnol. 18, 320–326 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Renwick, J. A. A., Haribal, M., Gouinguené, S. & Städler, E. Isothiocyanates stimulating oviposition by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. J. Chem. Ecol. 32, 755–766 (2006).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Awmack, C. S. & Leather, S. R. Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47, 817–844 (2002).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Behmer, S. T. Insect herbivore nutrient regulation. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 54, 165–187 (2009).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J., Garratt, M. P. D. & Leather, S. R. Fertilisers and insect herbivores: a meta-analysis. Ann. Appl. Biol. 161, 223–233 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Soufbaf, M., Fathipour, Y., Zalucki, M. P. & Hui, C. Importance of primary metabolites in canola in mediating interactions between a specialist leaf-feeding insect and its specialist solitary endoparasitoid. Arthropod-Plant Interact. 6, 241–250 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, S. C., van de Ven, G. W. J., van Ittersum, M. K. & Giller, K. E. Resource use efficiency and environmental performance of nine major biofuel crops, processed by first-generation conversion techniques. Biomass Bioenergy 34, 588–601 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegewald, H., Koblenz, B., Wensch-Dorendorf, M. & Christen, O. Impacts of high intensity crop rotation and N management on oilseed rape productivity in Germany. Crop Pasture sci. 67, 439–449 (2016).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jankowski, K. J., Budzyński, W. S., Załuski, D., Hulanicki, P. S. & Dubis, B. Using a fractional factorial design to evaluate the effect of the intensity of agronomic practices on the yield of different winter oilseed rape morphotypes. Field. Crop. Res. 188, 50–61 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakwizira, E. et al. Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops. Grass. Forage Sci. 70, 268–282 (2015).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathke, G. W., Behrens, T. & Diepenbrock, W. Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield, oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A review. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 117, 80–108 (2006).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Henke, J., Breustedt, G., Sieling, K. & Kage, H. Impact of uncertainty on the optimum nitrogen fertilization rate and agronomic, ecological and economic factors in an oilseed rape based crop rotation. J. Agric. Sci. 145, 455–468 (2007).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurostat. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Statistics (Publications Office of the European Union, 2020). https://doi.org/10.2785/143455.

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zapata, N., Vargas, M., Reyes, J. F. & Belmar, G. Quality of biodiesel and press cake obtained from Euphorbia lathyris, Brassica napus and Ricinus communis. Ind. Crops Prod. 38, 1–5 (2012).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Alford, D. V., Nilsson, C. & Ulber, B. Insect pests of oilseed rape crops. In Biocontrol of Oilseed Rape Pests (ed. Alford, D. V.) 9–42 (Blackwell Science, 2003).

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar 

  • Veromann, E., Luik, E., Metspalu, L. & Williams, I. Key pests and their parasitoids on spring and winter oilseed rape in Estonia. Entomol. Fennica 17, 4 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, U. (ed.) Growth Stages of Mono-and Dicotyledonous Plants: BBCH Monograph (Blackwell Wissenschaft, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lancashire, P. D. et al. A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 119, 561–601 (1991).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, I. H. The major insect pests of oilseed rape in Europe and their management: An overview. In Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests (ed. Williams, I. H.) 1–43 (Springer, 2010).

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, I. H. & Free, J. B. The feeding and mating behaviour of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and seed weevils (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk.) on oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Agric. Sci. 91, 453–459 (1978).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekbom, B. & Borg, A. Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) oviposition and feeding preference on different host plant species. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 78, 291–299 (1996).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaasik, R. et al. Meligethes aeneus oviposition preferences, larval parasitism rate and species composition of parasitoids on Brassica nigra, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa compared with on Brassica napus. Biol. Control 69, 65–71 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Thieme, T., Heimbach, U. & Müller, A. Chemical control of insect pests and insecticide resistance in oilseed rape. In Biocontrol-based integrated management of oilseed rape pests (ed. Williams, I. H.) 313–335 (Springer, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3983-5_12.

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar 

  • Slater, R. et al. Pyrethroid resistance monitoring in European populations of pollen beetle (Meligethes spp.): A coordinated approach through the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). Pest. Manag. Sci. 67, 633–638 (2011).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, C. T., Köhler, H. & Nauen, R. Baseline susceptibility and insecticide resistance monitoring in European populations of Meligethes aeneus and Ceutorhynchus assimilis collected in winter oilseed rape. Entomol Exp Appl 150, 279–288 (2014).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mota-Sanchez, D., Whalon, M. E., Hollingworth, R. M. & Xue, Q. 2008. Documentation of pesticide resistance in arthropods. In Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods (eds Whalon, M. E. et al.) 32–39 (Cromwell Press, Berlin, 2008).

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar 

  • Willow, J., Silva, A., Veromann, E. & Smagghe, G. Acute effect of low-dose thiacloprid exposure synergised by tebuconazole in a parasitoid wasp. PLoS ONE 14, e0212456 (2019).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, P. Observations on the natural enemies of Meligethes aeneus (F.) and M. viridescens (F.) [Coleoptera: Nitidulidae]. Parasitology 50, 91–110 (1960).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Büchi, R. Mortality of pollen beetle (Meligethes spp.) larvae due to predators and parasitoids in rape fields and the effect of conservation strips. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 90, 255–263 (2002).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Veromann, E., Saarniit, M., Kevväi, R. & Luik, A. Effect of crop management on the incidence of Meligethes aeneus Fab. and their larval parasitism rate in organic and conventional winter oilseed rape. Agronomy Res. 7, 548–554 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Veromann, E. et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on insect pests, their parasitoids, plant diseases and volatile organic compounds in Brassica napus. Crop Prot 43, 79–88 (2013).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovács, G. et al. Effects of land use on infestation and parasitism rates of cabbage seed weevil in oilseed rape. Pest Manag Sci 75, 658–666 (2019).

    PubMed 
    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaasik, R., Kovács, G., Toome, M., Metspalu, L. & Veromann, E. The relative attractiveness of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and Sinapis alba to pollen beetles. Bio. Control. 59, 19–28 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas-Barbosa, D. et al. Endure and call for help: strategies of black mustard plants to deal with a specialized caterpillar. Funct. Ecol. 31, 325–333 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Toome, M. et al. Leaf rust induced volatile organic compounds signalling in willow during the infection. Planta 232, 235–243 (2010).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kännaste, A., Copolovici, L. & Niinemets, Ü. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for determination of biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted by plants. Methods Mol. Biol. 1153, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0606-2_11 (2014).

    CAS 
    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kask, K., Kännaste, A., Talts, E., Copolovici, L. & Niinemets, Ü. How specialized volatiles respond to chronic and short-term physiological and shock heat stress in Brassica nigra. Plant Cell Environ. 39, 2027–2042 (2016).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Niinemets, Ü. et al. Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols. Biogeosciences 8, 2209–2246 (2011).

    ADS 
    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Copolovici, L., Kännaste, A., Remmel, T., Vislap, V. & Niinemets, Ü. Volatile emissions from Alnus glutionosa induced by herbivory are quantitatively related to the extent of damage. J. Chem. Ecol. 37, 18–28 (2011).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, J. E. In Multivariate Analysis for Ecologists: Step-by-Step 2nd edn (ed. Peck, J. E.) (MjM Software Design, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Narits, L. Effect of nitrogen rate and application time to yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera subvar. biennis). Agron. Res. 8, 671–686 (2010).

    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Naderi, R. & Ghadiri, H. Competition of wild mustard (Sinapis arvense L.) densities with rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. J. Agr. Sci. Technol. 13, 45–51 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grzebisz, W., Łukowiak, R. & Kotnis, K. Evaluation of nitrogen fertilization systems based on the in-season variability in the nitrogenous growth factor and soil fertility factors—A case of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy 10, 1701 (2020).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • He, H. et al. Genotypic variation in nitrogen utilization efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) under contrasting N supply in pot and field experiments. Front. Plant. Sci. 8, 1825 (2017).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pashalidou, F. G., Lucas-Barbosa, D., van Loon, J. J. A., Dicke, M. & Fatouros, N. E. Phenotypic plasticity of plant response to herbivore eggs: Effects on resistance to caterpillars and plant development. Ecology 94, 702–713 (2013).

    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas-Barbosa, D., Loon van, J. J. A., Gols, R., Beek van, T. A. & Dicke, M. Reproductive escape: annual plant responds to butterfly eggs by accelerating seed production. Funct. Ecol. 27, 245–254 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Milchunas, D. G. & Noy-Meir, I. Grazing refuges, external avoidance of herbivory and plant diversity. Oikos 99, 113–130 (2002).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, I. H. & Free, J. B. Compensation of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants after damage to their buds and pods. J. Agric. Sci. 92, 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600060494 (1979).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatchell, G. Compensation in spring-sown oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants in response to injury to their flower buds and pods. J. Agric. Sci. 101, 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600038594 (1983).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiffin, P. Mechanisms of tolerance to herbivore damage: What do we know?. Evol. Ecol. 14, 523–536. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010881317261 (2000).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinet, A., Mathieu, A. & Jullien, A. Floral bud damage compensation by branching and biomass allocation in genotypes of Brassica napus with different architecture and branching potential. Front. Plant Sci 6, 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00070 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Muzika, R. M. & Pregitzer, K. S. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on leaf phenolic production of grand fir seedlings. Trees 6, 241–244 (1992).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesselmeier, J. Exchange of short-chain oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between plants and the atmosphere: A compilation of field and laboratory studies. J. Atmos. Chem. 39, 219–233 (2001).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Karl, T., Curtis, A. J., Rosenstiel, T. N., Monson, R. K. & Fall, R. Transient releases of acetaldehyde from tree leaves—Products of a pyruvate overflow mechanism?. Plant. Cell Environ. 25, 1121–1131 (2002).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Szczepaniak, W., Grzebisz, W., Potarzycki, J., Łukowiak, R. & Przygocka-Cyna, K. Nutritional status of winter oilseed rape in cardinal stages of growth as the yield indicator. Plant Soil Environ. 61, 291–296 (2015).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Anjum, N. A. et al. Improving growth and productivity of Oleiferous brassicas under changing environment: Significance of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition, and underlying mechanisms. Scientific World J. 2012, 657808 (2012).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Okereke, C. N., Liu, B., Kaurilind, E. & Niinemets, Ü. Heat stress resistance drives coordination of emissions of suites of volatiles after severe heat stress and during recovery in five tropical crops. Environ. Exp. Bot. 184, 104375 (2021).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanagendran, A., Pazouki, L. & Niinemets, Ü. Differential regulation of volatile emission from Eucalyptus globulus leaves upon single and combined ozone and wounding treatments through recovery and relationships with ozone uptake. Environ. Exp. Bot. 145, 21–38 (2018).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. W. et al. A comparison of the flower volatiles from hawthorn and four raspberry cultivars. Phytochemistry 33, 1047–1053 (1993).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. W., Griffiths, D. W., Smith, W. M. & Butcher, R. D. The application of thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analyses of flower volatiles from five varieties of oilseed rape (Brassica napus spp. oleifera). Phytochem. Anal. 4, 152–157 (1993).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kos, M. et al. Effects of glucosinolates on a generalist and specialist leaf-chewing herbivore and an associated parasitoid. Phytochemistry 77, 162–170 (2012).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Niinemets, Ü., Kännaste, A. & Copolovici, L. Quantitative patterns between plant volatile emissions induced by biotic stresses and the degree of damage. Front. Plant. Sci. 4, 262. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00262 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, R. W. R. et al. Something in the air? The impact of volatiles on mollusc attack of oilseed rape seedlings. Ann. Bot. 117, 1073–1082 (2016).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruther, J., Reinecke, A. & Hilker, M. Plant volatiles in the sexual communication of Melolontha hippocastani: Response towards time-dependent bouquets and novel function of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol as a sexual kairomone. Ecol. Entomol. 27, 76–83 (2002).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, Z. R., Pickett, J. A., Berg, J. V. D., Wadhams, L. J. & Woodcock, C. M. Exploiting chemical ecology and species diversity: Stem borer and striga control for maize and sorghum in Africa. Pest. Manag. Sci. 56, 957–962 (2000).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayanthi, P. D. K. et al. Specific volatile compounds from mango elicit oviposition in gravid Bactrocera dorsalis females. J. Chem. Ecol. 40, 259–266 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z. et al. Aldehyde volatiles emitted in succession from mechanically damaged leaves of poplar cuttings. J. Plant. Biol. 51, 269–275 (2008).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacomuzzi, V., Mattheis, J. P., Basoalto, E., Angeli, S. & Knight, A. L. Survey of conspecific herbivore-induced volatiles from apple as possible attractants for Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest. Manag. Sci. 73, 1837–1845 (2017).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrens-Spence, M. P. et al. Structural basis for independent origins of new catalytic machineries in plant AAAD proteins. BioRxiv 404970 (2018)

  • Birkett, M. A. et al. The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease-transmitting cattle flies. Med. Vet. Entomol. 18, 313–322 (2004).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodmann, J. et al. Orchids mimic green-leaf volatiles to attract prey-hunting wasps for pollination. Curr. Biol. 18, 740–744 (2008).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hervé, M. R. et al. Oviposition behavior of the pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus): A functional study. J. Insect. Behav. 28, 107–119 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilker, M. & Meiners, T. Plants and insect eggs: How do they affect each other?. Phytochemistry 72, 1612–1623 (2011).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibanez, S., Gallet, C. & Després, L. Plant insecticidal toxins in ecological networks. Toxins 4, 228–243 (2012).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    New data from the first discovered paleoparadoxiid (Desmostylia) specimen shed light into the morphological variation of the genus Neoparadoxia

    Using seismology for groundwater management