Fig. 1(a) shows the schematic diagram of the cell fabricated to test the CSMFC using coin-cell type (CR 2032) system, which is normally used for battery study. The coin cell has typical dimensions such as a thickness of the cell is 0.20 cm, diameter 0.32 cm, the surface area of the coin cell is 3.14 cm2 26,27,28. Graphite electrodes […] More
Study species and study area We studied red-winged blackbirds at Newark Road Prairie in Rock County, Wisconsin, USA (42° 32′ N, 89° 08′ W) during the breeding season of 2018. Newark Road Prairie is a 13-ha wet-mesic remnant prairie and sedge meadow habitat that supports about 35 male redwing territories38. Capture and banding were conducted […] More
1. Waksman SA, Henrici AT. The nomenclature and classification of the actinomycetes. J Bacteriol. 1943;46:337. 2. Kämpfer P. Genus Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL. In: Goodfellow M, Kämpfer P, Busse H-J, Trujillo M, Suzuki K, et al., editors. Bergey’s manual® of systematic bacteriology. New York: Springer; 2012. p. 1679–80. 3. Hayakawa M, Nonomura H. […] More
1. Angilletta, M. J. Thermal adaptation: a theoretical and empirical synthesis. Oxford University Press, UK (2009). Google Scholar 2. Gienapp, P., Teplitsky, C., Alho, J., Mills, A. & Merilä, J. Climatic change and evolution: disentangling environmental and genetic responses. Mol. Ecol. 17, 167–178 (2008). 3. Walther, G.-R. et al. Ecological responses to recent climate change. […] More
1. Rensch, B. Evolution Above the Species Level (Columbia University Press, New York 1959). 2. Shine, R. The evolution of large body size in females: a critique of Darwin’s “fecundity advantage” model. Am. Nat. 131, 124–131 (1988). Article Google Scholar 3. Selander, R. K. Sexual selection and dimorphism in birds in Sexual Selection and the […] More
Total heterotrophic rhizosphere bacterial count The total counts for the heterotrophic rhizospheric bacteria (THRB) were enumerated at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of treatments at various concentrations of POS. The result shows that for 1% POS, the THRB counts for contaminated rhizosphere or CR increased significantly (p < 0.05) but slightly from 125 × 107 to 148 × 107 CFU/g, […] More
RNA sequencing Foragers were collected from nine P. barbatus colonies near the site of a long-term study of this species in Rodeo, New Mexico52. The same colonies were used in previous behavioral observations and pharmacological experiments28. In previous work, we measured for each colony (1) the sensitivity of foraging activity to humidity as the reduction […] More
For each of the three experiments we used the RV Helmer Hanssen as our main research platform. During the experiments, the ship was drifting with the engine on but without any power on the propellers. Also, during all three experiments, the same level of noise, light field/intensity and activity were ensured in order to dismiss […] More
