Philippa Kaur

AbstractHigh-quality datasets are crucial for computer vision in endangered fish monitoring. Species similarities and dynamic environments pose challenges. The Pomeranian region, a key salmonid refuge with ongoing restoration efforts, necessitates robust monitoring to assess restoration success. To facilitate environmentally sustainable research, we introduce a dataset, Pomerania Fish (PomerFish), comprising two sub-datasets: PomerFishObj and PomerFishSeg, each with corresponding annotations. This dataset, compiled by salmonid experts, focuses on endangered Central European salmon populations. It was collected from 2015 to 2024 in the Pomerania Region, Central Europe, using a GoPro Hero 5 camera. The dataset comprises: (1) PomerFishObj, containing 14,989 high-resolution images with manually annotated bounding boxes and 3,273 negative samples (fish absence); and (2) PomerFishSeg, containing 1,115 images, including 1,038 with polygon-based segmentation masks and 77 negative samples. Characterized by high-resolution imagery, large data volume, and comprehensive habitat records beyond species, it enables training for detailed underwater observations and precise species growth estimations. This dataset supports targeted conservation and habitat management, providing crucial resources for research, species detection, and conservation practices.

Data availability

The code, model, and associated notebooks for data processing and baseline computation are available in our Zenodo repository: https://zenodo.org/records/17432128.42. The software toolkit, developed using Python 3.10 and the PyTorch 2.3 deep learning framework, offers the following functionalities, including data preprocessing, model training, model evaluation, deployment and inference, and visualization.
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Xiaohao Shi.Ethics declarations

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleShi, X., Czerniawski, R., Tanwari, K. et al. Pomerania Fish: A dataset for fishes across Pomerania freshwater waterbodies in-situ environments.
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AbstractSpiders, a keystone predatory group for terrestrial ecosystem balance, have underexplored gut microbiotas. We collected 1090 spiders from 34 families in southwestern China, performing 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate their gut microbiota. Wandering and ambushing spiders exhibited higher α-diversity, while web-building spiders showed the lowest α-diversity with the highest endosymbiont infection rates. Gut microbiota diversity was significantly higher in Guizhou-region spiders than in Sichuan-region spiders. All spiders showed high amount of endosymbiont ASVs, which varied with foraging strategies and regions. Additionally, closer geographic distances between spiders were associated with more similar gut microbiota diversity levels. Environmental factor analysis preliminary revealed a positive correlation between precipitation and gut microbiota diversity, though its generalizability is limited by geographic sampling. Random processes were the primary drivers of spiders’ gut microbial community assembly. Our findings highlight that spider gut microbiota assembly is predominantly driven by stochastic processes but regulated by foraging strategies and geographic factors, providing a framework for understanding predator-microbe interactions in spiders.

Data availability

The raw sequencing reads from this study have been submitted to the China National GeneBank Database (CNP0007324; CNGBdb, https://db.cngb.org/) and Genome Sequence Archive database (PRJCA051897: CRA034046; GSA, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa/).
Code availability

The analysis code has been submitted to GitHub (https://github.com/WJiao95/16S-spider) and Zenodo85 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17640349).
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Zhenxin Fan or Yucheng lin.Ethics declarations

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Communications Biology thanks Marc Domènech, Evgeniia Propistsova, Hirokazu Toju, Jordan Cuff and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary handling editors: Hannes Schuler and Tobias Goris.

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleWang, J., Wang, S., Chen, Q. et al. Foraging strategies and geographic factors jointly shape gut microbiota of spiders in the Sichuan and Guizhou regions of China.
Commun Biol (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-09358-0Download citationReceived: 27 May 2025Accepted: 02 December 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-09358-0Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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AbstractIn this study, the spatial and temporal variations and distribution characteristics of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on Hainan Island are analyzed using GOSAT L3 data from 2011 to 2024, and the effects of various factors impacting the CO2 concentration on Hainan Island are discussed. The results indicate that from 2011 to 2024, the CO2 concentration on Hainan Island showed an increasing trend, with a fast growth rate in the early period and a slow growth rate in recent years with the implementation of the dual-carbon strategy. The spatial distribution is affected by anthropogenic activities, topography, vegetation and solar radiation, and the overall CO2 concentration pattern is high in the north and low in the south. Human activities are the most important source of carbon on Hainan Island, vegetation is the most important carbon sink, and elements such as surface temperature, precipitation, and total solar radiation play roles in suppressing CO2. The CO2 concentration on Hainan Island is expected to continue to increase at a slow rate and may display a decreasing trend in the future.

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Download referencesFundingThis study is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFC3008001);Natural science foundation of China(Grant No.42465006, Grant No.U21A6001).Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(424QN364).Data availability statement.The Data used and during the current study are publicly available in repositories:1. GOSAT data is available at https://data2.gosat.nies.go.jp/index_en.html.2. EVI、PAR 、LST and GPP data are available at https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/.3. Meteorological data are available at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means.4. Population, GDP, and energy data are available at https://en.hainan.gov.cn/hainan/tjnj/list3.shtml.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsHainan Institute of Meteorological Science, Haikou, 570203, ChinaQi Luo, Jing Han & Shaojun LiuSansha Marine Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Sansha, 573199, ChinaQi LuoSouth China Sea Marine Meteorology Hainan Observation and Research Station, Sansha, 573199, ChinaJing Han & Shaojun LiuAuthorsQi LuoView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarJing HanView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarShaojun LiuView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarContributionsLuo wrote the main manuscript text and prepared the figures. Han dowload the satellite and reanlysis data. Liu provided technical guidance and revised the article.All authors reviewed the manuscript.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to
Qi Luo.Ethics declarations

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleLuo, Q., Han, J. & Liu, S. Characterization of spatial and temporal variations of CO2 concentration on tropical Island and analysis of influencing factors.
Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32647-xDownload citationReceived: 15 May 2025Accepted: 11 December 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32647-xShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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KeywordsTropical islandCO2 concentrationInfluencing factorsVariation trend More

AbstractThe endosymbiont Wolbachia can both benefit host nutrition and manipulate host reproduction to its own advantage. However, the mechanisms of its nutritional benefits remain unclear. We show that Wolbachia enhances ovarian development in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by boosting energy production. Wolbachia-infected females have increased fecundity, accelerated ovarian development, and prolonged oviposition. Enhanced activity of mitochondrial complex I is linked to increased ATP production and the expression of energy metabolism-related genes. We further identify that Wolbachia-synthesized riboflavin is crucial for ATP production and ovarian development. A riboflavin transporter, slc52a3a, positively correlates with Wolbachia density and is required for normal ovarian maturation. Our findings demonstrate that Wolbachia-produced riboflavin drives energy production and accelerates ovarian maturation, thus improving host fecundity. This research reveals insights into symbiont-host metabolic interactions and underscores the role of nutrient delivery in symbiosis.

Data availability

The RNA-seq data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession code PRJNA1195149, PRJNA1195150, and PRJNA1195152. Source data are provided with this paper.
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Xiao-Yue Hong or Xiao-Li Bing.Ethics declarations

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleNiu, YD., Fan, QH., Wang, ZH. et al. Wolbachia enhances ovarian development in the rice planthopper Laodelphax striatellus through elevated energy production.
Nat Commun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67660-1Download citationReceived: 02 March 2025Accepted: 05 December 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67660-1Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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AbstractMosquitoes of the Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex genera are responsible for transmitting major vector-borne diseases. Malaria remains a significant public health concern in Odisha, primarily due to the state’s conducive environment for Anopheles mosquito breeding. This study, conducted between March 2021 and February 2023 across 11 traditionally hyper-endemic districts in southern Odisha, aimed to assess seasonal variations in Anopheles diversity, composition, and abundance. A total of 10,807 Anopheles mosquito’s species were collected manually indoors (house dwellings and cattle sheds) and outdoors (burrows, vegetation, tree holes, and culverts). Morphological identification revealed 18 Anopheles species. An. subpictus was the predominant species during the summer of 2021, with (328; 42.99%), and during the rainy season, with (1151; 46.60%), although its prevalence declined in subsequent years. An. culicifacies, a primary malaria vector, exhibited a consistent presence with (780; 31.58%) in the rainy season of 2021 and (798; 38.35%) in the rainy season of 2022. An. varuna remained scarce during summer and rainy seasons but peaked sharply in winter, with the highest prevalence in winter 2021–2022 (730; 35.56%) and winter 2022–2023 (485; 25.18%). Diversity indices (Shannon’s, Simpson’s, Pielou’s) and Correspondence Analysis identified Ganjam as the district with the highest species diversity (1.26–2.2). Seasonal variation had a statistically significant impact on species diversity (p < 0.001), surpassing the influence of district level factors. These findings show that seasonality strongly influences Anopheles populations and highlight the need for localized, evidence-based vector control. Monitoring of mosquito diversity is vital for shaping malaria interventions suited to Odisha’s transmission ecology.

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
AbbreviationsDDT:
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
IVM:
Integrated vector management
H’:
Shannon’s diversity index
D:
Simpson’s index
J’:
Pielou index
CA:
Correspondence analysis
OWMS:
Odisha weather monitoring systems
LLINs:
Long-lasting insecticidal nets
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Download referencesAcknowledgementsWe extend sincere appreciation to Malaria Elimination Research Alliance (MERA) India for providing the essential funding that made this project possible. We are also deeply grateful to the technical staff for their invaluable assistance throughout the study. Furthermore, we acknowledge the support and cooperation of the inhabitants of all sampling sites and the dedicated volunteers whose significant contributions during fieldwork were indispensable. This research would not have been possible without their collective efforts.Author informationAuthor notesThese authors contributed equally: Muhammed Mustafa Baig and Divya Teja Koppula.Authors and AffiliationsICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Unit, Near Hati lane, Koraput, Odisha, 764 020, IndiaMuhammed Mustafa Baig, Dilip Kumar Panigrahi, Dolly Choudhary, Premalatha Acharya & Manoj PatnaikICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, IndiaDivya Teja Koppula, B. Vijayakumar, K. Gunasekaran, Ashwani Kumar, Manju Rahi & A. N. ShriramAuthorsMuhammed Mustafa BaigView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarDivya Teja KoppulaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarDilip Kumar PanigrahiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarB. VijayakumarView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarDolly ChoudharyView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarPremalatha AcharyaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarManoj PatnaikView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarK. GunasekaranView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarAshwani KumarView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarManju RahiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarA. N. ShriramView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarContributionsConceptualization and design: ANS, and AK.Writing – original draft preparation: DTK, MMB and ANS; Conducting the field study and supervision: DKP, DC, PA, MP and MMBWriting – review and editing with inputs from all other authors: ANS, AK, DTK and MR; Acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation: VK, DTK and ANSRevising it critically for intellectual content and the final approval of the version to be published: AK, ANS and MR. All authors provided critical feedback. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript and to be accountable for all aspects of the work.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to
A. N. Shriram.Ethics declarations

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleBaig, M.M., Koppula, D.T., Panigrahi, D.K. et al. Seasonal dynamics and species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in malaria endemic districts of Southern Odisha India.
Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28997-1Download citationReceived: 09 June 2025Accepted: 13 November 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28997-1Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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KeywordsMalariaOdishaShannon’sSimpson’sAnd pielou’s
Anopheles diversity More

AbstractWild edible fruits are rich in micronutrients and serve as an essential source of nutrition for the poor in developing countries, where malnutrition is widespread. The morphological and nutritional compositions of Bauhinia thonningii pod and seed were evaluated using samples collected from two distinct agroecological zones, the warm moist lowlands (WMLL) and tepid sub-moist mid-highlands (TSMMHL), in the Tselemti district, Ethiopia. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, ANOVA with a general linear model, and Principal component analysis (PCA) for morphological traits, proximate composition, and mineral content to determine their association with agroecological zones. The results showed that morphological traits such as the mean pod length (p < 0.000), pod width (p = 0.036), pod thickness (p = 0.005), pericarp weight (p = 0.006), total seed weight (p = 0.003), individual seed weight (p = 0.005), and number of seeds per pod (p < 0.000) differed significantly between the two agroecological zones (p < 0.05). Higher mean values of pod length (18.34 cm), width (2.87 cm), thickness (0.85 cm), total pod weight (11.56 g), total seed weight (8.93 g), and number of seeds per pod (51 ns) were recorded in the warm moist lowlands compared to the tepid sub-moist mid-highlands. The moisture content of the B. thonningii pod (9.02%) and seed (7.02%) was higher in tepid sub-moist mid-highlands than in the warm moist lowlands. The crude protein (9.74 and 30.73%), crude fat (0.96 and 2.48%), crude fiber (26.03 and 32.86%), total carbohydrates (56.30 and 33.70%), and energy values (1106.36 and 1103.87 kJ/100 g) of the pod and seed, respectively, were higher in the WMLL compared to the TSMMHL. All proximate compositions of the B. thonningii pod and seed varied significantly between the two agroecological zones (p < 0.05), except for ash content. Most mineral concentrations in the pod and seeds, such as calcium (152.26 and 36.77 mg/100 g), magnesium (129.59 and 8.04 mg/100 g), potassium (1325.44 and 130.61 mg/100 g), and sodium (8.99 and 16.90 mg/100 g), were significantly higher in the warm moist lowland agroecology. This may be attributed to higher humidity, soil mineralization, evaporative concentration, and increased soil nutrient movement under warm lowland environmental conditions. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of all minerals in the pods and seeds between the agroecologies, except for magnesium and zinc in the seed analysis. Overall, the findings indicate that understanding the morphological, proximate, and mineral compositions of B. thonningii is valuable for its sustainable utilization, conservation, domestication, and breeding. The pods and seeds of B. thonningii possess high nutritional potential and could be used for both human and animal nutrition following further detailed investigation.

Data availability

Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Requests should include a detailed rationale for data access and a commitment to using the data solely for the stated purpose, in compliance with ethical guidelines.
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Download referencesAcknowledgementsThe authors are most grateful for financial support from the MU-NMBU Phase IV Project through Mekelle University and the McKnight Foundation’s Collaborative Crop Research Program. We extend our gratitude to Dr. Zenebe Girmay, the field assistants, the technical and laboratory staff, and the farmers whose fields we visited during data collection. Their invaluable contributions were essential to compiling this manuscript. Additionally, we acknowledge the Institute of International Education-Scholars Rescue Fund (IIE-SRF), and Nord University, Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture (FBA), and the NORGLOBAL 2 project “Towards a climate-smart policy and management framework for conservation and use of dry forest ecosystem services and resources in Ethiopia [grant number: 303600]” for supporting the research stay of Emiru Birhane at NMBU.FundingThe research fund for this study was obtained from the MU-HU-NMBU collaborative project through Mekelle University and the Ethiopian Ministry of Education.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsDepartment of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, EthiopiaTesfaye Gebre, Mitiku Haile & Emiru BirhaneFaculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, P. O. Box 2501, 7729, Steinkjer, NorwayEmiru BirhaneInstitute of Climate and Society, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, EthiopiaEmiru BirhaneDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, EthiopiaSarah Tewolde-BerhanAuthorsTesfaye GebreView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarMitiku HaileView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarSarah Tewolde-BerhanView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarEmiru BirhaneView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarContributionsT.G. data collection, investigation, data curation, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. M.H. supervised, conceptualization, review, and editing the original draft and manuscript. S.T.B. conceptualization, conceived and designed the experiments, contributed materials and training, and review and editing. E.B. supervised, conceptualization, writing—original draft, review and editing the manuscript critically.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to
Tesfaye Gebre.Ethics declarations

Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval
The study was conducted with formal approval from the Vice President for Research and Technology Transfer at Mekelle University. An official permission letter from the department of land resources management and environmental protection was submitted to the administrative offices of Tselemti district, and the Tselemti Agricultural and Rural Development Office. Verbal consent was obtained from all relevant authorities and farmers in the district. This was done after the main objectives of the study were clearly explained with the assistance of local language translators. No endangered or threatened species were collected or included in the study.

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleGebre, T., Haile, M., Tewolde-Berhan, S. et al. Morphological and nutritional composition of Bauhinia thonningii pods and seeds in Northern Ethiopia.
Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32054-2Download citationReceived: 08 May 2025Accepted: 08 December 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32054-2Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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KeywordsFodder treeNutritional valueProximate compositionSeed traitsUnderutilized treeWild edible fruits More

AbstractPaddy rice exacerbates climate warming through greenhouse gas emissions but also cools the land surface by enhancing evapotranspiration. While the former effect has received extensive attention, the biophysical cooling effect remains poorly quantified, partly due to the lack of high-quality global paddy rice data. Here, we address this gap by developing a universal rice mapping framework that integrates the strengths of phenology-based and curve-matching methods to construct the global, long-term rice dataset (GlobalRice500) with daily temporal and 500 m spatial resolution. Our analysis reveals that paddy fields annually reduce daytime land surface temperature by 0.21 ((pm)0.0057)–0.27 ((pm)0.0063) °C during the growing season compared to other croplands, with stronger cooling observed in larger fields and partial spillover to surrounding landscapes. These findings provide robust evidence of the surface cooling effect of paddy rice and call for a comprehensive evaluation of its role in climate regulation.

Data availability

The GlobalRice50031 dataset generated in this study have been deposited in the Zenodo database (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17460919). The mean values and uncertainty quantification underlying the Figures generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information and Source Data file. Publicly available data used in this study are referenced. Source data are provided with this paper.
Code availability

The MPD_DTW30 code is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17679402. The source code is freely available for non-commercial research and educational purposes, provided that proper attribution is given. Modification and redistribution are permitted under the same conditions. Commercial use of the software is strictly prohibited.
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USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Cropland Data Layer. USDA-NASS.Download referencesAcknowledgementsThis research has been financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42171314) and the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2023YFD2300300).Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsState Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaWei Weng & Jingfeng HuangKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaWei Weng & Jingfeng HuangInstitute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaWei Weng, Jingfeng Huang, Zhenhao Lyu, Yuanjun Xiao & Shengcheng LiCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaChao YueState Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaChao YueInstitute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ChinaChao YueSchool of Automation, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaRan HuangKey Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDailiang PengKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaChao HuangNational Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Kigali, RwandaFlorent BigirimanaCollege of Computer and Information Technology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, ChinaLi LiuDepartment of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaWeiwei LiuAuthorsWei WengView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarJingfeng HuangView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarChao YueView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarZhenhao LyuView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarYuanjun XiaoView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarShengcheng LiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarRan HuangView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarDailiang PengView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarChao HuangView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarFlorent BigirimanaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarLi LiuView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarWeiwei LiuView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarContributionsJ.H. proposed the research idea. W.W. and J.H. designed the research. W.W. led the experiments and wrote the first draft. C.Y. provided theoretical guidance. Z.L., S.L., R.H., and F.B. contributed to data collection. W.W. and Z.L. performed data preprocessing. Y.X. provided technical support. Y.X., D.P., C.H., L.L., and W. L. contributed to the interpretation and the preparation of the manuscript. W.W., C.Y., and J.H. led the revisions. All authors reviewed and approved the final paper.Corresponding authorCorrespondence to
Jingfeng Huang.Ethics declarations

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Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleWeng, W., Huang, J., Yue, C. et al. Widespread land surface cooling from paddy rice cultivation revealed by global satellite mapping.
Nat Commun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67549-zDownload citationReceived: 28 May 2025Accepted: 03 December 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67549-zShare this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is an important source of plant-based protein and oil, but its cultivation is highly sensitive to climate conditions. In Poland, interest in soybean is growing due to climate change and increasing demand for protein-rich crops. However, cultivation of photophilic crops is still limited. This study presents results from field trials conducted in Northern Poland from 2017 to 2019, involving 13 registered soybean cultivars tested at 10 locations. The aim of the study was to evaluate seed yield, protein and fat content and protein yield under varying environmental conditions. Weather variability, particularly temperature and rainfall, had a greater influence on results than the cultivar tested. Advanced statistical analyses showed that, of all 13 tested cultivars, Moravians (mid-late) had the most favorable WAAS and GSI values in terms of protein yield. According to WTOP3 score, the Kofu (late) cultivar had the highest adaptability for seeds yield and protein yield. Protein yield is the most important indicator of the profitablility of soybean cultivation in countries with a deficit of feed plant protein. The study supports targeted cultivar selection to improve soybean production under changing climate conditions in countries located at higher latitudes, such as Poland.

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Download referencesFundingThe APC/BPC is financed/co-financed by Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences and Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) in Słupia Wielka, Poland.Author informationAuthors and AffiliationsResearch Centre for Cultivar Testing, Słupia Wielka 34, 63-022, Słupia Wielka, PolandBeata Kaliska & Henryk BujakInstitute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, PolandAndrzej Kotecki, Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska & Anna Jama-RodzeńskaInstitute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363, Wroclaw, PolandBernard GałkaDepartment of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, PolandHenryk BujakAuthorsBeata KaliskaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarAndrzej KoteckiView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarBernard GałkaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarMagdalena Serafin-AndrzejewskaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarHenryk BujakView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarAnna Jama-RodzeńskaView author publicationsSearch author on:PubMed Google ScholarContributionsB.K., H.B.- Conceptualization; B.K., A.K., B.G.- Investigation; M.S.A., A.J.R., B.K.-wrote the main manucript; M.S.A, A.J.R.-literature and visualisation; A.K.,B.G. and H.B.-Supervising.Corresponding authorsCorrespondence to
Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska or Anna Jama-Rodzeńska.Ethics declarations

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Additional informationPublisher’s noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Supplementary InformationBelow is the link to the electronic supplementary material.Supplementary Material 1.Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Reprints and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleKaliska, B., Kotecki, A., Gałka, B. et al. Assessment of soybean cultivars’responses to diverse climatic conditions in Northern Poland in terms of yield and seed composition.
Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31124-9Download citationReceived: 18 July 2025Accepted: 29 November 2025Published: 13 December 2025DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31124-9Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy shareable link to clipboard
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KeywordsClimate changeCultivarsSeed yieldProtein contentFat contentAMMI analysisGSIWAAS More