Philippa Kaur

Tershy, B. R., Shen, K. W., Newton, K. M., Holmes, N. D. & Croll, D. A. The importance of islands for the protection of biological and linguistic diversity. Bioscience 65, 592–597 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Spatz, D. R. et al. Globally threatened vertebrates on islands with invasive species. Sci. Adv. 3, e1603080 (2017).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Kier, G. et al. A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 9322–9327 (2009).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Doherty, T. S., Glen, A. S., Nimmo, D. G., Ritchie, E. G. & Dickman, C. R. Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602480113 (2016).Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Watari, Y. et al. First synthesis of the economic costs of biological invasions in Japan. NeoBiota 67, 79–101 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Cuthbert, R. N. et al. Economic costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom. NeoBiota 67, 299–328 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Reaser, J. K., Meyerson, L., Cronk, Q., Poorter, M. D. & Eldredge, L. G. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species in island ecosystems. Environ. Conserv. 34, 98–111 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N. & Towns, D. R. Island Invasives: Eradication and Management. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives (ed. Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N. & Towns, D. R.) 542 (IUCN, 2011).Jones, H. P. et al. Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, 4033–4038 (2016).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Rodrigues, A. S. L. et al. Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9, e113934 (2014).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. www.cbd.int/GBO5 (2020).Atkinson, I. A. E. The spread of commensal species of Rattus to oceanic islands and their effects on island avifaunas. in Conservation of Island Birds, Vol. 3 35–81 (CPB Tech Publ, 1985).Holmes, N. D. et al. Tracking invasive species eradications on islands at a global scale. in Island Invasives: Scaling Up to Meet the Challenge (ed. Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N., Martin, A. R., Russell, J. C. & West, C. J.) (IUCN, 2019).Kappes, P. J. et al. Do invasive vertebrate eradications from islands serve a role in addressing climate change solutions?. Climate 9, 172 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
De Wit, L. A. et al. Invasive vertebrate eradications on islands as a tool for implementing global Sustainable Development Goals. Environ. Conserv. 47, 139–148 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sutherland, W. J., Pullin, A. S., Dolman, P. M. & Knight, T. M. The need for evidence-based conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19, 305–308 (2004).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Pullin, A. S. et al. Informing conservation decisions through evidence synthesis and communication. in Conservation Research, Policy and Practice (eds. Sutherland, W. J. et al.) (Cambridge University Press, 2020).Campbell, K. & Donlan, C. J. Feral goat eradications on islands. Conserv. Biol. 19, 1362–1374 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
Howald, G. et al. Invasive rodent eradication on islands. Conserv. Biol. 21, 1258–1268 (2007).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Keitt, B. et al. The global islands invasive vertebrate eradication database: a tool to improve and facilitate restoration of island ecosystems. in Island Invasives: Eradication and Management. (ed. Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N. & Towns, D. R.) 74–77 (IUCN, 2011).Holmes, N. D. et al. Globally important islands where eradicating invasive mammals will benefit highly threatened vertebrates. PLoS ONE 14, 1–17 (2019).
Google Scholar 
DIISE. The Database of Island Invasive Species Eradications: developed by Island Conservation, University of California Santa Cruz Coastal Conservation Action Lab, IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, University of Auckland and Landcare Research New Zealand. http://diise.islandconservation.org (2019).Joppa, L. N. et al. Filling in biodiversity threat gaps. Science (80-.) 352, 416–418 (2016).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Baker, C. M. & Bode, M. Recent advances of quantitative modeling to support invasive species eradication on islands. Conserv. Sci. Pract. 3, e246 (2021).
Google Scholar 
Essl, F. et al. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s Post-2020 target on invasive alien species—what should it include and how should it be monitored?. NeoBiota 62, 99–121 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Bellard, C., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, T. M. Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biol. Lett. 12, 20150623 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Convention on Biological Diversity. Report of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework on its Thurd Meeting (Part I) (2021).Wilson, R. C., Shenhav, A., Straccia, M. & Cohen, J. D. The eighty five percent rule for optimal learning. Nat. Commun. 10, 1–10 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Samaniego, A. et al. Factors leading to successful island rodent eradications following initial failure. Conserv. Sci. Pract. 3, 1–12 (2021).
Google Scholar 
Holmes, N. D. et al. Factors associated with rodent eradication failure. Biol. Conserv. 185, 8–16 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Nuñez, M. A., Pauchard, A. & Ricciardi, A. Invasion Science and the Global Spread of SARS-CoV-2. Trends Ecol. Evol. 35, 642–645 (2020).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Boyd, M. & Wilson, N. The prioritization of island nations as refuges from extreme pandemics. Risk Anal. 40, 227–239 (2020).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Garden, P., Mcclelland, P. & Broome, K. The history of the aerial application of rodenticide in New Zealand. in Island Invasives: Scaling Up to Meet the Challenge (ed. Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N., Martin, A. R., Russell, J. C. & West, C. J.) 114–119 (2019).Towns, D. R. & Broome, K. G. From small Maria to massive Campbell: forty years of rat eradications from New Zealand islands. N. Z. J. Zool. 30, 377–398 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
Glen, A. S. et al. Eradicating multiple invasive species on inhabited islands: the next big step in island restoration?. Biol. Invasions 15, 2589–2603 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
Whittaker, R. J. & Fernandez-Palacios, J. M. Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation (Oxford University Press, 2007).
Google Scholar 
Hoffmann, B. D., Luque, G. M., Bellard, C., Holmes, N. D. & Donlan, C. J. Improving invasive ant eradication as a conservation tool: a review. Biol. Conserv. 198, 37–49 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Campbell, K. J. et al. The next generation of rodent eradications: Innovative technologies and tools to improve species specificity and increase their feasibility on islands. Biol. Conserv. 185, 47–58 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Carter, Z. T., Lumley, T., Bodey, T. W. & Russell, J. C. The clock is ticking: temporally prioritizing eradications on islands. Glob. Chang. Biol. 27, 1443–1456 (2021).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Leonard, D. L. Recovery expenditures for birds listed under the US Endangered Species Act: the disparity between mainland and Hawaiian taxa. Biol. Conserv. 141, 2054–2061 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
Waldron, A. et al. Targeting global conservation funding to limit immediate biodiversity declines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110, 12144–12148 (2013).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Russell, J. C., Meyer, J. Y., Holmes, N. D. & Pagad, S. Invasive alien species on islands: impacts, distribution, interactions and management. Environ. Conserv. 44, 359–370 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Seebens, H. et al. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nat. Commun. 8, 14435 (2017).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Rocamora, G. Eradication of invasive animals and other island restoration practices in Seychelles: achievements, challenges and scaling up perspectives. in Island Invasives: Scaling Up to Meet the Challenge 588–599 (2019).Russell, J. C., Innes, J. G., Brown, P. H. & Byrom, A. E. Predator-free New Zealand: conservation country. Bioscience 65, 520–525 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Innes, J. et al. New Zealand ecosanctuaries: types, attributes and outcomes. J. R. Soc. N. Z. 49, 370–393 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Carter, Z. T., Hanson, J. O., Perry, G. L. W. & Russell, J. C. Incorporating management action suitability in conservation plans. J. Appl. Ecol. (2022).UNEP. Emerging Issues for Small Island Developing States: Results of the UNEP Foresight Process (2014).Dahl, A. L. Island conservation issues in international conventions and agreements. Environ. Conserv. 44, 267–285 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N., Martin, A. R., Russell, J. C. & West, C. J. Island invasives: scaling up to meet the challenge. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives 2017 Vol. 62 733 (IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2019).Segal, R. D., Whitsed, R. & Massaro, M. Review of the reporting of ecological effects of rodent eradications on Australian and New Zealand islands. Pac. Conserv. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1071/pc20064 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Angulo, E. et al. Non-English languages enrich scientific knowledge: the example of economic costs of biological invasions. Sci. Total Environ. 775, 144441 (2021).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Catalano, A. S., Lyons-White, J., Mills, M. M. & Knight, A. T. Learning from published project failures in conservation. Biol. Conserv. 238, 108223 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
United Nations. Small Island Developing States (SIDS). https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#fn6 (2021).The World Bank. World Bank list of economies. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups (2020).Pichlmueller, F. et al. Island invasion and reinvasion: Informing invasive species management with genetic measures of connectivity. J. Appl. Ecol. 57, 2258–2270 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Fewster, R. M., Buckland, S. T., Siriwardena, G. M., Baillie, S. R. & Wilson, J. D. Analysis of population trends for farmland birds using generalized additive models. Ecology 81, 1970–1984 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
Antunes, A. P. et al. Empty forest or empty rivers? A century of commercial hunting in Amazonia. Sci. Adv. 2, e1600936 (2016).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Cheeseman, J. F., Fewster, R. M. & Walker, M. M. Circadian and circatidal clocks control the mechanism of semilunar foraging behaviour. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–7 (2017).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Fewster, R. M. & Patenaude, N. J. Cubic splines for estimating the distribution of residence time using individual resightings data. in Modeling Demographic Processes in Marked Populations 393–415 (Springer US, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_17.Wood, S. N. Stable and efficient multiple smoothing parameter estimation for generalized additive models. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 99, 673–686 (2004).MathSciNet 
MATH 
Article 

Google Scholar 
R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org (2021). More

Pan, Y. et al. Science 333, 988–993 (2011).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Bonan, G. B. Science 320, 1444–1449 (2008).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Craine, J. M. et al. Nature Ecol. Evol. 2, 1735–1744 (2018).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Cunha, H. F. V. et al. Nature 608, 558–562 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Vitousek, P. M. & Sanford, R. L. Jr Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17, 137–167 (1986).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hedin, L. O., Brookshire, E. N. J., Menge, D. N. L. & Barron, A. R. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 40, 613–635 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ostertag, R. & DiManno, N. M. Front. Earth Sci. 4, 23 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Wright, S. J. Ecol. Monogr. 89, e01382 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lugli, L. F. et al. New Phytol. 230, 116–128 (2021).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Muller-Landau, H. C. et al. New Phytol. 229, 3065–3087 (2021).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
He, X. et al. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13, 5831–5846 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Elser, J. J. et al. Ecol. Lett. 10, 1135–1142 (2007).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
LeBauer, D. S. & Treseder, K. K. Ecology 89, 371–379 (2008).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Arora, V. K. et al. Biogeosciences 17, 4173–4222 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021).
Google Scholar  More

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyStephanie D. Jurburg, Nico Eisenhauer, François Buscot, Antonis Chatzinotas, Narendrakumar M. Chaudhari, Anna Heintz-Buschart, Kirsten Küsel & Rine C. ReubenInstitute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, GermanyStephanie D. Jurburg, Nico Eisenhauer, Antonis Chatzinotas & Rine C. ReubenDepartment of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, GermanyStephanie D. Jurburg, Antonis Chatzinotas, Rene Kallies, Susann Müller & Ulisses Nunes da RochaDepartment of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Halle, GermanyFrançois Buscot & Anna Heintz-BuschartAquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, GermanyNarendrakumar M. Chaudhari & Kirsten KüselSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAnna Heintz-BuschartKellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USAElena LitchmanEcology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USAElena LitchmanDepartment of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USAElena LitchmanHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, AustraliaCatriona A. Macdonald & Brajesh K. SinghLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, GermanyGianni PanagiotouThe State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaGianni PanagiotouDepartment of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaGianni PanagiotouInstitut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, GermanyMatthias C. RilligBerlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, GermanyMatthias C. RilligGlobal Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, AustraliaBrajesh K. SinghB.K.S. conceived the idea in consultation with N.E. and S.J., and led the discussion which was attended by all authors. S.J. and B.K.S. wrote the manuscript and all contributed to refine it. More

Settele, J. et al. in Climate Change 2014 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects (eds Field, C. et al.) 271–360 (IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2015).
Google Scholar 
Rees, W. G. et al. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 3965–3977 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Anderson, L. L., Hu, F. S., Nelson, D. S., Petit, R. J. & Paige, K. N. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 12447–12450 (2006).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Clark, J. S., Lewis, M. & Horvath, L. Am. Nat. 157, 537–554 (2001).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Edwards, M., Hamilton, T. D., Elias, S. A., Bigelow, N. H. & Krumhardt, A. P. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 35, 460–468 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar  More

Arlinghaus, R., Tillner, R. & Bork, M. Explaining participation rates in recreational fishing across industrialised countries. Fisheries Management and Ecology 22, 45–55 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Cooke, S. J. & Cowx, I. G. The Role of Recreational Fishing in Global Fish Crises. BioScience 54, 857 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
World Bank. Hidden harvest: The global contribution of capture fisheries (World Bank, Washington, DC), Report 66469-GLB (2012).Nyboer, E. A. et al. Overturning stereotypes: the fuzzy boundary between recreation and subsistence in inland fisheries. Fish and Fisheries https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12688 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Gupta, N. et al. Catch-and-release angling as a management tool for freshwater fish conservation in India. Oryx 50, 250–256 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Bower, S. D. et al. Knowledge Gaps and Management Priorities for Recreational Fisheries in the Developing World. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1770689 (2020).FAO. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture – 2016 (SOFIA). Rome, Italy (2016).Golden, C. D. et al. Aquatic foods to nourish nations. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03917-1 (2021).Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Cooke, S. J. et al. The nexus of fun and nutrition: Recreational fishing is also about food. Fish and Fisheries 19, 201–224 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Joosse, S., Hensle, L., Boonstra, W. J., Ponzelar, C. & Olsson, J. Fishing in the city for food—a paradigmatic case of sustainability in urban blue space. npj Urban Sustain 1, 41, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00043-9 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Fluet-Chouinard, E., Funge-Smith, S. & McIntyre, P. B. Global hidden harvest of freshwater fish revealed by household surveys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, 7623–7628 (2018).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
FAO. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture – 2020 (SOFIA). Rome, Italy. (2020).IPBES. Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Version 1). Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831674 (2019).Arlinghaus, R. et al. Global Participation in and Public Attitudes Toward Recreational Fishing: International Perspectives and Developments. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 29, 58–95 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Chan, N. “Large Ocean States”: Sovereignty, Small Islands, and Marine Protected Areas in Global Oceans Governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 24, 537–555 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Arlinghaus, R. & Cooke, S. J. Recreational Fisheries: Socioeconomic Importance, Conservation Issues and Management Challenges. in Recreational Hunting, Conservation and Rural Livelihoods (eds. Dickson, B., Hutton, J. & Adams, W. M.) 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444303179.ch3 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009).Arlinghaus, R. et al. Opinion: Governing the recreational dimension of global fisheries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 5209–5213 (2019).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M. & Sumaila, U. R. A global estimate of benefits from ecosystem-based marine recreation: potential impacts and implications for management. Journal of Bioeconomics 12, 245–268 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
Czarkowski, T., Wołos, A. & Kapusta, A. Socio-economic portrait of Polish anglers and its implications for recreational fisheries management in freshwater bodies. Aquatic Living Resources 19, 14, https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2021018 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Dill, W. A. Inland Fisheries of Europe. Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (1993).Baigún, C., Oldani, N., Madirolas, A. & Colombo, G. A. Assessment of Fish Yield in Patagonian Lakes (Argentina): Development and Application of Empirical Models. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136, 846–857 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
Vigliano, P. H., Bechara, J., & Quiros, R. Allocation policies and its implications for recreational fisheries management in inland waters of Argentina. Sharing the Fish ‘06, 210 (2006).Henry, G. W., & Lyle, J. M. National recreational and indigenous fishing survey. (2003).Murphy J. J. et al. Survey of recreational fishing in NSW, 2019/20 – Key Results. Fisheries Final Report Series No. 161. Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales. 180 pp. (2022).Aas, Øystein, ed. Global challenges in recreational fisheries. (John Wiley & Sons, 2008).DoF. Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics of Bangladesh, 2017-18. Fisheries Resources Survey System (FRSS), Department of Fisheries. Bangladesh: Ministry of Fisheries. 35: p. 129 (2018).Mozumder, M., Uddin, M., Schneider, P., Islam, M. & Shamsuzzaman, M. Fisheries-Based Ecotourism in Bangladesh: Potentials and Challenges. Resources 7, 61 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Craig, John F., ed. Freshwater fisheries ecology. (John Wiley & Sons, 2016).Barkhuizen, L. M., Weyl, O. L. F. & Van As, J. G. An assessment of recreational bank angling in the Free State Province, South Africa, using licence sale and tournament data. WSA 43, 442 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Treer, T. & Kubatov, I. The co-existence of recreational and artisanal fisheries in the central parts of the Danube and Sava rivers. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 75(3), 116–127 (2017).
Google Scholar 
Freire, K. M. F., Machado, M. L. & Crepaldi, D. Overview of Inland Recreational Fisheries in Brazil. Fisheries 37, 484–494 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
Freire, K. M. F. et al. Brazilian recreational fisheries: current status, challenges and future direction. Fish Manag Ecol 23, 276–290, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12171 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Survey of Recreational Fishing in Canada, 2015. 26 (2019).Arismendi, I. & Nahuelhual, L. Non-native Salmon and Trout Recreational Fishing in Lake Llanquihue, Southern Chile: Economic Benefits and Management Implications. Reviews in Fisheries Science 15, 311–325 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lyach, R., & Čech, M. Differences in fish harvest, fishing effort, and angling guard activities between urban and natural fishing grounds. Urban Ecosystems, 1–13 (2019).Lyach, R. The effect of fishing effort, fish stocking, and population density of overwintering cormorants on the harvest and recapture rates of three rheophilic fish species in central Europe. Fisheries Research 223, 105440 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lyach, R. The effect of a large-scale angling restriction in minimum angling size on harvest rates, recapture rates, and average body weight of harvested common carps Cyprinus carpio. Fisheries Research 223, 105438 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lyach, R. & Remr, J. Changes in recreational catfish Silurus glanis harvest rates between years 1986–2017 in Central Europe. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 35(5), 1094:1104 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lyach, R. & Remr, J. Does harvest of the European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae), change over time with different intensity of fish stocking and fishing effort? Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 50(1), 53–62 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lyach, R. & Remr, J. The effects of environmental factors and fisheries management on recreational catches of perch Perca fluviatilis in the Czech Republic. Aquatic Living Resources 32, 15, https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2019013 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Rasmussen, G. & Geertz‐Hansen, P. Fisheries management in inland and coastal waters in Denmark from 1987 to 1999. Fisheries Management and Ecology 8(4‐5), 311–322 (2001).
Google Scholar 
Armulik, T. & Sirp, S. Estonian Fishery 2018. (2019).Welcomme, R. Review of the State of the World Fishery Resources: Inland Fisheries. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 942, Rev. 2. Rome, FAO. 97 pp. (2011).West Greenland Commission, 2020 Report on the Salmon Fishery in Greenland. 8 (2020).Guðbergsson, G. Catch statistics for Atlantic salmon, Arctic char and brown trout in Icelandic rivers and lakes 2013. Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Iceland Report VMST/14045 (2014).Inland Fisheries Ireland. Wild Salmon and Sea Trout Statistics Report. IFI/2020/1-4513 (2019).Vycius, J. & Radzevicius, A. Fishery and Fishculture Challenges in Lithuania. International Journal of Water Resources Development 25(1), 81–94, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900620802576240 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Bacal, P., Jeleapov, A., Burduja, V. D., & Moroz, I. State and use of lakes from central region of the Republic of Moldova. Present Environment and Sustainable Development, (2), 141–156 (2019).Moroccan Ministry of Fisheries, Annual Report of Fisheries and Fish Farming in Inland Waters, Season 2020/2021 (2021).Centre for Fisheries Research. Recreational fisheries in the Netherlands: Analyses of the 2017 screening survey and the 2016–2017 logbook survey. CVO report: 18.025 (2019).Dedual, M. & Rohan, M. Long‐term trends in the catch characteristics of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, in a self‐sustained recreational fishery, Tongariro River, New Zealand. Fisheries Management and Ecology 23(3-4), 234–242 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Unwin, M.J. Angler usage of New Zealand lake and river fisheries. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (2016).Ipinmoroti, M. O. & Ayanboye, O. Biological and socioeconomic viability of recreational fisheries of two Nigerian lakes. IIFET 2012 Tanzania Proceedings (2012).Amaral, S., Ferreira, M.T., Cravo, M.T. Resultado do ‘Inquérito aos Pescadores Desportivos de Áquas Intenores” realizado pela Direcção Geral das Florestas em 1998 a 1999. Pesca Desportivos em Albufeiras do Centro e Sul de Portugal: Contribuição para a reduçao da eutrofização. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Autoridade Florestal Nacional. Lisboa: III.1-III.53. (2010).Povž, M., Šumer, S. & Leiner, S. Sport fishing catch as an indicator of population size of the Danube roach Rutilus pigus virgo in Slovenia (Cyprinidae). Italian Journal of Zoology 65(S1), 545–548 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
Embke, H. S., Beard, T. D., Lynch, A. J. & Vander Zanden, M. J. Fishing for Food: Quantifying Recreational Fisheries Harvest in Wisconsin Lakes. Fisheries fsh.10486, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10486 (2020).Karimov, B. et al. Inland capture fisheries and aquaculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan: current status and planning. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular. No. 1030/1. Rome, FAO. 124 p. (2009).Magqina, T., Nhiwatiwa, T., Dalu, M. T., Mhlanga, L. & Dalu, T. Challenges and possible impacts of artisanal and recreational fisheries on tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau 1861 populations in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Scientific African 10, e00613 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Embke, H. S. Global dataset of species-specific inland recreational fisheries harvest for consumption. U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9904C3R (2022).Amano, T., González-Varo, J. P. & Sutherland, W. J. Languages are still a major barrier to global science. PLoS biology 14(12), e2000933 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Cooke, S. J. et al. Recreational fisheries in inland waters. In J. F. Craig (Ed.) Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (2016). More

Department of Animal Biology, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCatarina Frazão SantosMARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Center / ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PortugalCatarina Frazão Santos & Carina Vieira da SilvaEnvironmental Economics Knowledge Center, NOVA-SBE, Carcavelos, PortugalCatarina Frazão Santos & Carina Vieira da SilvaSound Seas, Bethesda, MD, USATundi AgardyWorldFish, Batu Maung, Penang, MalaysiaEdward H. AllisonThe Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, CanadaNathan J. BennettEqualSea Lab, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, SpainNathan J. Bennett & Sebastián VillasanteEnvironmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaJessica L. BlytheMarine and Environmental Sciences Center, University of the Azores – FCT, Ponta Delgada, PortugalHelena CaladoHopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USALarry B. Crowder & Elena GissiARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, AustraliaJon C. DayQueen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UKWesley FlanneryNational Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Venice, ItalyElena GissiInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and World Commission on Protected Areas, Cambridge, MA, USAKristina M. GjerdeMiddlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Monterey, MA, USAKristina M. GjerdeThe University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoJudith F. GobinPermanent Mission of the Federated States of Micronesia to the United Nations, New York, USAClement Yow MulalapDuke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC, USAMichael OrbachCentre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, AustraliaGretta PeclInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, AustraliaGretta PeclFederal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilMarinez SchererCenter for Island Sustainability and Sea Grant, University of Guam, Mangilao, USAAustin J. SheltonSchool of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKLisa Wedding More

Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT, Falkowski P. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science. 1998;281:237–40. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.237CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Falkowski PG, Fenchel T, Delong EF. The microbial engines that drive Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. Science. 2008;320:1034–9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153213CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Gattuso J-P, Magnan A, Billé R, Cheung WWL, Howes EL, Joos F, et al. Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Science. 2015;349:aac4722. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4722Steinacher M, Joos F, Frölicher TL, Bopp L, Cadule P, Cocco V, et al. Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis. Biogeosciences. 2010;7:979–1005. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-979-2010CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Henson SA, Cael BB, Allen SR, Dutkiewicz S. Future phytoplankton diversity in a changing climate. Nat Commun. 2021;12:5372. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25699-wCAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Thomas MK, Kremer CT, Klausmeier CA, Litchman E. A global pattern of thermal adaptation in marine phytoplankton. Science. 2012;338:1085–8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224836CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Collins S, Boyd PW, Doblin MA. Evolution, microbes, and changing ocean conditions. Annu Rev Mar Sci. 2020;12:181–208. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095311Article 

Google Scholar 
Schaum CE, Buckling A, Smirnoff N, Studholme DJ, Yvon-Durocher G. Environmental fluctuations accelerate molecular evolution of thermal tolerance in a marine diatom. Nat Commun. 2018;9:1719. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03906-5CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Lohbeck KT, Riebesell U, Reusch TBH. Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification. Nat Geosci. 2012;5:346–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1441CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Jin P, Gao K, Beardall J. Evolutionary responses of a coccolithophorid Gephyrocapsa oceanica to ocean acidification. Evolution. 2013;67:1869–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12112CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Schlüter L, Lohbeck KT, Gutowska MA, Gröger JP, Riebesell U, Reusch TBH. Adaptation of a globally important coccolithophore to ocean warming and acidification. Nat Clim Change. 2014;4:1024–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2379CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Listmann L, LeRoch M, Schlüter L, Thomas MK, Reusch TBH. Swift thermal reaction norm evolution in a key marine phytoplankton species. Evol Appl. 2016;9:1156–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12362Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Zhong J, Guo Y, Liang Z, Huang Q, Lu H, Pan J, et al. Adaptation of a marine diatom to ocean acidification and warming reveals constraints and trade-offs. Sci Total Environ. 2021;771:145167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145167CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Brennan GL, Colegrave N, Collins S. Evolutionary consequences of multidriver environmental change in an aquatic primary producer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:9930–5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703375114CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Zhang S, Wu Y, Lin L, Wang D. Molecular insights into the circadian clock in marine diatoms. Acta Oceano Sin. 2022;41:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1962-4Article 

Google Scholar 
Nagelkerken I, Connell SD. Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:13272–7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510856112CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Boyd PW, Collins S, Dupont S, Fabricius K, Gattuso JP, Havenhand J, et al. Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change-a review. Glob Change Biol. 2018;24:2239–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14102Article 

Google Scholar 
Matsuda Y, Nakajima K, Tachibana M. Recent progresses on the genetic basis of the regulation of CO2 acquisition systems in response to CO2 concentration. Photosynth Res. 2011;109:191–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-011-9623-7CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Ohno N, Inoue T, Yamashiki R, Nakajima K, Kitahara Y, Ishibashi M, et al. CO2-cAMP-responsive cis-elements targeted by a transcription factor with CREB/ATF-like basic zipper domain in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Plant Physiol. 2012;158:499–513. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.190249CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Hennon GMM, Ashworth J, Groussman RD, Berthiaume C, Morales RL, Baliga NS, et al. Diatom acclimation to elevated CO2 via cAMP signalling and coordinated gene expression. Nat Clim Change. 2015;5:761–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2683CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Toseland A, Daines SJ, Clark JR, Kirkham A, Strauss J, Uhlig C, et al. The impact of temperature on marine phytoplankton resource allocation and metabolism. Nat Clim Change. 2013;3:979–84. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1989CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Gao K, Beardall J, Häder DP, Hall-Spencer JM, Gao G, Hutchins DA. Effects of ocean acidification on marine photosynthetic organisms under the concurrent influences of warming, UV radiation, and deoxygenation. Front Mar Sci. 2019;6:322. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00322Article 

Google Scholar 
Tu L, Su P, Zhang Z, Gao L, Wang J, Hu T, et al. Genome of Tripterygium wilfordii and identification of cytochrome P450 involved in triptolide biosynthesis. Nat Commun. 2020;11:971. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14776-1CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Treves H, Siemiatkowska B, Luzarowska U, Murik O, Fernandez-Pozo N, Moraes TA, et al. Multi-omics reveals mechanisms of total resistance to extreme illumination of a desert alga. Nat Plants. 2020;6:1031–43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0729-9CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Van den Bergh B, Swings T, Fauvart M, Michels J. Experimental design, population dynamics, and diversity in microbial experimental evolution. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2018;82:e00008–18.PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Elena SF, Lenski RE. Evolution experiments with microorganisms: the dynamics and genetic bases of adaptation. Nat Rev Genet. 2003;4:457–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1088CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Colegrave N, Collins S. Experimental evolution: experimental evolution and evolvability. Heredity. 2008;100:464–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6801095CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Jin P, Ji Y, Huang Q, Li P, Pan J, Lu H, et al. A reduction in metabolism explains the trade‐offs associated with the long‐term adaptation of phytoplankton to high CO2 concentrations. N Phytol. 2022;233:2155–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17917CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Flombaum P, Gallegos JL, Gordillo RA, Rincón J, Zabala LL, Jiao N, et al. Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:9824–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307701110CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Hutchins DA, Walworth NG, Webb EA, Saito MA, Moran D, Mcllvin MR, et al. Irreversibly increased nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium experimentally adapted to elevated carbon dioxide. Nat Commun. 2015;6:8155. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9155Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Padfield D, Yvon-Durocher G, Buckling A, Jennings S, Yvon-Durocher G. Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton. Ecol Lett. 2016;19:133–42.Article 

Google Scholar 
Coles VJ, Stukel MR, Brooks MT, Burd A, Crump BC, Moran MA, et al. Ocean biogeochemistry modeled with emergent trait-based genomics. Science. 2017;358:1149–54. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan5712CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Linnen CR, Kingsley EP, Jensen JD, Hoekstra HE. On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele in deer mice. Science. 2009;325:1095–8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175826CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Van’t Hof AE, Campagne P, Rigden DJ, Yung CJ, Lingley J, Quail MA, et al. The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element. Nature. 2016;534:102–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17951CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Bitter MC, Kapsenberg L, Gattuso JP, Pfister CA. Standing genetic variation fuels rapid adaptation to ocean acidification. Nat Commun. 2019;10:5821. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13767-1CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Lai YT, Yeung CK, Omland KE, Pang EL, Hao Y, Liao BY, et al. Standing genetic variation as the predominant source for adaptation of a songbird. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:2152–7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813597116Armbrust EV. The life of diatoms in the world’s oceans. Nature. 2009;459:185–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08057CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Rastogi A, Vieira FRJ, Deton-Cabanillas AF, Veluchamy A, Cantrel C, Wang G, et al. A genomics approach reveals the global genetic polymorphism, structure, and functional diversity of ten accessions of the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ISME J. 2020;14:347–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0528-3Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Jin P, Agustí S. Fast adaptation of tropical diatoms to increased warming with trade-offs. Sci Rep. 2018;8:17771. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36091-yCAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Barton S, Jenkins J, Buckling A, Schaum CE, Smirnoff N, Raven JA, et al. Evolutionary temperature compensation of carbon fixation in marine phytoplankton. Ecol Lett. 2020;23:722–33.Article 

Google Scholar 
Guillard RR, Ryther JH. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms: I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt, and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Can J Microbiol. 1962;8:229–39. https://doi.org/10.1139/m62-029CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Huysman MJ, Martens C, Vandepoele K, Gillard J, Rayko E, Heijde M, et al. Genome-wide analysis of the diatom cell cycle unveils a novel type of cyclins involved in environmental signaling. Genome Biol. 2010;11:R17. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-2-r17CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
IPCC. Summary for policymakers. In: Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A, Connors SL, Péan C, Berger S, et al. editors. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Switzerland: IPCC; 2021.Jiang H, Gao K. Effects of lowering temperature during culture on the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). J Phycol. 2004;40:651–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03112.xCAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Pérez EB, Pina IC, Rodríguez LP. Kinetic model for growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in intensive culture photobioreactor. Biochem Eng J. 2008;40:520–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2008.02.007CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Boyd PW, Rynearson TA, Armstrong EA, Fu F, Hayashi K, Hu Z, et al. Marine phytoplankton temperature versus growth responses from polar to tropical waters-outcome of a scientific community-wide study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e63091 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063091CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Zeng X, Jin P, Jiang Y, Yang H, Zhong J, Liang Z, et al. Light alters the responses of two marine diatoms to increased warming. Mar Environ Res. 2020;154:104871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104871CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics. 2018;34:i884–i890. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty560CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Bowler C, Allen AE, Badger JH, Grimwood J, Jabbari K, Kuo A, et al. The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes. Nature. 2008;456:239–44.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
Li H, Durbin R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics. 2009;25:1754–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Wang K, Li M, Hakonarson H. ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:e164. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq603CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012;9:357–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Kim D, Langmead B, Salzberg SL. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat Methods. 2015;12:357–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3317CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Pertea M, Pertea GM, Antonescu CM, Chang TC, Mendell JT, Salzberg SL. StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads. Nat Biotechnol. 2015;33:290–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3122CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Pertea M, Kim D, Pertea GM, Leek JT, Salzberg SL. Transcript-level expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with HISAT, StringTie and Ballgown. Nat Protoc. 2016;11:1650–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2016.095CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Gifford RM. Plant respiration in productivity models: conceptualisation, representation and issues for global terrestrial carbon-cycle research. Funct Plant Biol. 2003;30:171–86. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP02083Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Jassby AD, Platt T. Mathematical formulation of the relationship between photosynthesis and light for phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr. 1976;21:540–7. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1976.21.4.0540CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar  More

Short-term experimentsPotential toxic and cryoprotection effects of different CPA combinationsFocusing on toxicity bioassays (Figs. 1A, 2A), although there were certain CPA combinations that yielded significant abnormality percentages compared to controls, in general the CPA combinations did not yield any significant toxic effect. The use of Milli-Q Water instead of FSW did not enhance normal larval development after CPA exposure, neither did the addition of PVP at the concentrations tested, even in combination with trehalose (TRE) (p  > 0.05). In fact, the highest concentrations of PVP used in this experiment (9 and 12%) yielded significant abnormal development on exposed trochophores (Fig. 1A) (p  More