Philippa Kaur

Constant contacts modelWe assume the affected population is composed of two risk-groups, a fraction p of the population is composed of risk-takers (RT) and the remaining fraction (1-p) are risk-evaders (RE). We differentiate the RT and RE subpopulations by assuming the RE population face a reduced likelihood of infection due to adopting precautionary behaviors. On the other hand, we assume RT do not follow public health recommendations, thus facing a higher risk of infection, relative to the RE population. Political or ideological reasons, economic stress, the lack of reasonable alternatives, epidemic politicization or the lack of trust in public health authorities are some of the documented factors that potentially lead the population to risk the dangers of COVID-19 infection44, 45.Previous mathematical models consider complex within-host disease dynamics46 or the impact of exogenous factors on the COVID-19 transmission dynamics47. In this study, we focus on incorporating individual heterogeneous adaptive behavioral responses, based on group-specific infection risk perceptions. Our model of disease progression assumes that individuals in each behavioral group may show the following health status: Susceptible (S), infectious Exposed (E), Infectious symptomatic (I), infectious Asymptomatic (A), and Recovered (R). We consider a pre-symptomatic infectious health status (E), following evidence suggesting that exposed individuals exhibit a period of viral shedding38, 48,49,50,51. RT susceptible individuals ((S_1)) can get infected by making contacts with either: symptomatic ones (I) with a baseline per-contact likelihood of disease transmission (beta), exposed individuals ((E_1) and (E_2)) with reduced per-contact likelihood of infection (rho beta) , or asymptomatic individuals ((A_1) and (A_2)) with reduced per-contact likelihood of infection (alpha beta). Similarly RE susceptible individuals ((S_2)) may get infected by making contacts with symptomatic, exposed or asymptomatic individuals at respective likelihoods, (epsilon beta), (rho epsilon beta), and (alpha epsilon beta), where (0 More

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT
01 July 2022

Rock doves on some Scottish islands show almost no sign of having interbred with domestic pigeons.

The relatively long, slender bill of this rock dove from the Outer Hebridean islands of Scotland are characteristic of feral pigeons’ ancestors. Credit: W. J. Smith et al./iScience

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Charles Darwin developed his theory of natural selection in part by studying a form of artificial selection: the nineteenth-century rage for pigeon breeding, which created a wealth of fantastical varieties of pigeon (Columba livia). So widespread was pigeon fancying that it seeded the world with escaped domestic birds and their feral descendants, which then hybridized with their wild ancestors, the rock doves.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01780-2

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Conservation biology

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Conservation biology More

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