1.European Road Federation. European Road Statistics: Yearbook 2020. https://erf.be/statistics/road-network-2020/ (2020)2.Hungarian Public Road Nonprofit Pte Ltd Co. https://internet.kozut.hu/ (2020)3.Findlay, T., Scott, C. & Bourdages, J. Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on adjacent lands. Conserv. Biol. 14, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99086.x (2000).Article
Google Scholar
4.Forman, R. T. & Alexander, L. E. Roads and their major ecological effects. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29, 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822x.1998.00308.x (1998).Article
Google Scholar
5.Dean, W. R. J., Seymour, C. L., Joseph, G. S. & Foord, S. H. A review of the impacts of roads on wildlife in semi-arid regions. Diversity 11, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/d11050081 (2019).Article
Google Scholar
6.Auffret, A. G., Berg, J. & Cousins, S. A. The geography of human‐mediated dispersal. Divers. Distrib. 20, 1450–1456. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12251 (2014)7.Niggemann, M., Jetzkowitz, J., Brunzel, S., Wichmann, M. C. & Bialozyt, R. Distribution patterns of plants explained by human movement behaviour. Ecol. Model. 220, 1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.02.018 (2009).Article
Google Scholar
8.Clifford, H. T. Seed dispersal by motor vehicles. J. Ecol. 47, 311–315. https://doi.org/10.2307/2257368 (1959).Article
Google Scholar
9.Rew, L. J. et al. Hitching a ride: seed accrual rates on different types of vehicles. J. Environ. Manage. 206, 547–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.060 (2018).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
10.Schmidt, W. Plant dispersal by motor cars. Vegetatio 80, 147–152 (1989).Article
Google Scholar
11.Ross, S. M. Vegetation change on main road verges in south-east Scotland. J. Biogeogr. 13, 109–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/2844986 (1986).Article
Google Scholar
12.Vitalos, M. & Karrer, G. Dispersal of Ambrosia artemisiifolia seeds along roads: the contribution of traffic and mowing machines. Neobiota 8, 53–60 (2009).
Google Scholar
13.Tikka, P. M., Högmander, H. & Koski, P. S. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecol. 16, 659–666. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101312052 (2001).Article
Google Scholar
14.Forman, R. T. Estimate of the area affected ecologically by the road system in the United States. Conserv. Biol. 14, 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99299.x (2000).Article
Google Scholar
15.Gelbard, J. L. & Belnap, J. Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape. Conserv. Biol. 17, 420–432. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01408.x (2003).Article
Google Scholar
16.Kalwij, J. M., Milton, S. J. & Mcgeoch, M. A. Road verges as invasion corridors? A spatial hierarchical test in an arid ecosystem. Landscape Ecol. 23, 439–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9201-3 (2008).Article
Google Scholar
17.Essl, F., Dullinger, S. & Kleinbauer, I. Changes in the spatio-temporal patterns and habitat preferences of Ambrosia artemisiifolia during its invasion of Austria. Preslia 81, 119–133 (2009).
Google Scholar
18.Follak, S., Dullinger, S., Kleinbauer, I., Moser, D. & Essl, F. Invasion dynamics of three allergenic invasive Asteraceae (Ambrosia trifida, Artemisia annua, Iva xanthiifolia) in central and eastern Europe. Preslia 85, 41–61 (2013).
Google Scholar
19.Skálová, H., Guo, W. Y., Wild, J. & Pyšek, P. Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the Czech Republic: history of invasion, current distribution and prediction of future spread. Preslia 89, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2017.001 (2017).Article
Google Scholar
20.Clarke, A. Macroecology comes of age. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17, 352–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02552-1 (2002).Article
Google Scholar
21.Török, K. et al. Invasion gateways and corridors in the Carpathian Basin: Biological invasions in Hungary. Biol. Inv. 5, 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BINV.0000005570.19429.73 (2003).Article
Google Scholar
22.Pyšek, P., Jarošík, V. & Kucera, T. Patterns of invasion in temperate nature reserves. – Biol. Conserv. 104, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00150-1 (2002).23.Greenberg, C. H., Crownover, S. H. & Gordon, D. R. Roadside soils: a corridor for invasion of xeric shrub by nonindigenous plants. Nat. Area. J. 17, 99–109 (1997).
Google Scholar
24.Köles, P. Útpályák szennyeződése és a vízlefolyás környezeti hatása. Hidrol. Táj. 1, 14–16 (1994).
Google Scholar
25.Amrhein, C., Strong, J. E. & Mosher, P. A. Effect of deicing salts on metal and organic matter mobilization in roadside soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 703–709. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00028a006 (1992).ADS
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
26.Davison, A. W. The effects of de-icing salt on roadside verges. I. Soil and plant analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 8, 555–561. https://doi.org/10.2307/2402891 (1971).Article
Google Scholar
27.Bouraoui, D., Cekstere, G., Osvalde, A., Vollenweider, P. & Rasmann, S. Deicing salt pollution affects the foliar traits and arthropods’ biodiversity of lime trees in Riga’s street greeneries. Front. Ecol. Evol. 7, 282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00282 (2019).Article
Google Scholar
28.Asensio, E. et al. Accumulation of de-icing salt and leaching in Spanish soils surrounding roadways. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He. 14, 1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121498 (2017).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
29.Hintz, W. D. & Relyea, R. A. A review of the species, community, and ecosystem impacts of road salt salinisation in fresh waters. Freshwater Biol. 64, 1081–1097. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13286 (2019).Article
Google Scholar
30.Zehetner, F., Rosenfellner, U., Mentler, A. & Gerzabek, M. H. Distribution of road salt residues, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across a main road-forest interface. Water Air Soil Poll. 198, 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9831-8 (2009).ADS
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
31.Flowers, T. J. & Colmer, T. D. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytol. 179, 945–963. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.x (2008).CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
32.Barbour, M. G. Is any angiosperm an obligate halophyte?. Am. Midl. Nat. 84, 105–120. https://doi.org/10.2307/2423730 (1970).Article
Google Scholar
33.Mitsch, W. J. & Gosselink, J. G. Wetlands 3rd edn. (Wiley, 2000).
Google Scholar
34.Sabovljevic´, M., Sabovljevic´, A. Contribution to the coastal bryophytes of the Northern Mediterranean: Are there halophytes among bryophytes? Phytol. Balc. 13, 131–135 (2007).35.Krauss, K. W. & Ball, M. C. On the halophytic nature of mangroves. Trees 27, 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0767-7 (2013).Article
Google Scholar
36.Gerstberger, P. Plantago coronopus subsp. commutata introduced as a roadside halophyte in central Europe. Tuexenia 21, 249–256 (2001).
Google Scholar
37.Wrobel, M., Tomaszewicz, T. & Chudecka, J. Floristic diversity and spatial distribution of roadside halophytes along forest and field roads in Szczecin lowland (West Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 54, 303–309 (2006).
Google Scholar
38.Šerá, B. Road vegetation in Central Europe – an example from the Czech Republic. Biologia 63, 1085–1088. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0152-6 (2008).Article
Google Scholar
39.Kaplan, Z. et al. Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 2. Preslia 88, 229–322 (2016).
Google Scholar
40.Schmidt, D., Dítětová, Z., Horváth, A. & Szűcs, P. Coastal newcomer on motorways: the invasion of Plantago coronopus in Hungary. Studia Bot. Hung. 47, 319–334 (2016).Article
Google Scholar
41.Fekete, R. et al. Rapid continental spread of a salt-tolerant plant along the European road network. Biol. Inv. 23, 2661–2674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02531-6 (2021).Article
Google Scholar
42.Schmidt, D., Bauer, N., Fekete, R., Haszonits, G. & Süveges, K. Continuing spread of Plantago coronopus along Hungarian roads. Kitaibelia 25, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.17542/kit.25.19 (2020).43.Schmidt, D. New data to spreading of Plantago coronopus in Hungary. Kitaibelia 26, 99–101. https://doi.org/10.17542/kit.26.99 (2021).44.Fekete, R., Mesterházy, A., Valkó, O. & Molnár, V. A. A hitchhiker from the beach: the spread of the maritime halophyte Cochlearia danica along salted continental roads. Preslia 90, 23–37. https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2018.023 (2018).45.Schmotzer, A. Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth and further data to the flora of the foothills of Bükk Mts. (‘Bükkalja’, NE Hungary). Kitaibelia 20, 81–142. https://doi.org/10.17542/kit.20.81 (2015).Article
Google Scholar
46.Barbosa, N. P., Fernandes, G. W., Carneiro, M. A. & Júnior, L. A. Distribution of non-native invasive species and soil properties in proximity to paved roads and unpaved roads in a quartzitic mountainous grassland of southeastern Brazil (rupestrian fields). Biol. Inv. 12, 3745–3755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9767-y (2010).Article
Google Scholar
47.Pollnac, F., Seipel, T., Repath, C. & Re, L. J. Plant invasion at landscape and local scales along roadways in the mountainous region of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Biol. Inv. 14, 1753–1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0188-y (2012).Article
Google Scholar
48.McDougall, K. L. et al. Running off the road: roadside non-native plants invading mountain vegetation. Biol. Inv. 20, 3461–3473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1787-z (2018).Article
Google Scholar
49.US Fish and Wildlife Service. Jesup’s milk-vetch (Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation., USA: US Fish and Wildlife Service, 14 pp. (2008)50.US Fish and Wildlife Service. Showy Indian Clover (Trifolium amoenum) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation., USA: US Fish and Wildlife Service, 12 pp. (2008)51.Zarzyczki, K. & Szeląg, Z. Red list of the vascular plants in Poland. (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2006)52.Bartha D. et al. Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza. Distribution atlas of vascular plants of Hungary (ed. Bartha, D.) (Nyugat-magyarorszagi Egyetem Kiadó, Sopron, 2015).53.QGIS Development Team. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org (2019)54.Király G. ed. Új magyar füvészkönyv. Magyarország hajtásos növényei. (Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság, 2009)55.Abrol, I. P., Yadav, J. S. P., & Massoud, F. I. Salt-affected soils and their management (No. 39). Food & Agriculture Org, (1988).56.R Core Team. A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ (2018)57.Bates, D., Sarkar, D., Bates, M. D. & Matrix, L. The lme4 package. R package version 2, 74 (2007).
Google Scholar
58.Knowles, J. E. & Frederick, C. Prediction intervals from merMod objects. https://www.cran.rproject.org/web/packages/merTools/vignettes/Using_predictInterval.html (2016).59.The Plant List. Version 1.1. Published on the Internet. http://www.theplantlist.org/ (2020)60.Schmidt, D., Haszonits, Gy. & Korda, M. Spreading of native Spergularia species along roadsides of Transdanubia (NW Hungary). Kitaibelia 23, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.17542/kit.23.141 (2018).Article
Google Scholar
61.Englmaier, P. & Wilhalm, T. Alien grasses (Poaceae) in the flora of the Eastern Alps: contribution to an excursion flora of Austria and the Eastern Alps. Neilreichia 9, 177–245 (2018).
Google Scholar
62.Takács, A., & Zsólyomi, T. Adatok a Taktaköz flórájának ismeretéhez. Data to the knowledge of the vascular flora of the Taktaköz (N-Hungary). Kitaibelia 15, 25–34 (2010).63.Bauer, N. Casual occurrences of Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soó in roadside verges. Kitaibelia 20, 300 (2015).64.Kocián, P. et al. Limonka Gmelinova (Limonium gmelinii) na dálnicích České republiky. Acta Rer. Nat. 19, 1–6 (2016).
Google Scholar
65.Hohla, M., Diewald, W. & Király, G. Limonium gmelini – eine Steppenpflanze an österreichischen Autobahnen sowie weitere Neuigkeiten zur Flora Österreichs. Stapfia 103, 127–150 (2015).
Google Scholar
66.Hanselmann D. Neue Zierde für den Straßensaum–Erstnachweis von Limonium gmelini (Willd.) Kuntze in Deutschland (und weitere Anmerkungen zu aktuellen Entwicklungen der Straßenbegleitflora in Rheinland-Pfalz). Mainz. Nat. Wiss. Arch. 54, 155–156 (2017).67.Scheuer, C. Dupla Graecensia Fungorum (2012, 201–350. Sz.). Fritschiana 72, 9–60 (2012).
Google Scholar
68.John, H. & Stolle, J. Aktuelle Nachweise von Farn-und Blütenpflanzen im südlichen Sachsen-Anhalt. Mitt Florist. Kart. Sachsen-Anhalt 16, 43–57 (2011).
Google Scholar
69.Yannitsaros, A. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28, 77–94 (1998).Article
Google Scholar
70.Dogan, Y., Baslar, S., Celik, A., Mert, H. H. & Ozturk, M. A study of the roadside plants of west Anatolia Turkey. Nat. Croat. 1, 63–80 (2004).
Google Scholar
71.Arnold, N., Baydoun, S., Chalak, L. & Raus, T. A contribution to the flora and ethnobotanical knowledge of Mount Hermon Lebanon. Flora Mediterr. 25, 13–55. https://doi.org/10.7320/flmedit25.013 (2015).Article
Google Scholar
72.Kárpáti, Z. Kiegészítés Soó – Jávorka: A magyar növényvilág kézikönyve c. munkájához. Bot. Közl. 45, 71–76 (1954).
Google Scholar
73.Scott, N. E. & Davison, A. W. De-icing salt and the invasion of road verges by maritime plants. Watsonia 14, 41–52 (1982).
Google Scholar
74.Fukarek, F., Knapp, M. D., Rauschert, S., Weinert, E. Karten der Pflanzenverbreitung in der DDR. Hercynia NF Leipzig 1 Serie 15, 229–320 (1978).75.Bresinsky, A. & Schundfelder, P. Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur floristischen Kartierung Bayerns. In: A. Bresinsky et al. (eds.). 7: 25–34 (Anmerkungen zu einigen Musterkarten für einen Atlas der Flora Bayerns,1980).76.Mirek, Z. & Trzonska-Tacik, D. Spreading of Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. along the roads in southern Poland. Ekol. Pol. 92: 345–352 (1981).77.Valei, F. G. Bromus carinatus Hook. et Arn. en Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. in midden Nederland. Gorteria 9, 232–234 (1979).78.Badmin, J. S. Records of Puccinellia distans growing inland in Kent and northern France. Trans. Kent Field Club 8, 115 (1980).
Google Scholar
79.Butler, J. D., Hughes, T. D., Sanks, G. D. & Craig, P. R. Salt causes problems along Illinois main roads. Illinois Res. 13, 3–4 (1971).
Google Scholar
80.Catling, P. M. & McKay, S. M. A review of the occurrence of halophytes in the eastern Great Lakes region. Michigan Bot. 20, 167–179 (1981).
Google Scholar
81.Hohla, M. & Melzer, H. Floristisches von den Autobahnen der Bundesländer Salzburg, Oberösterreich Niederösterreich und Burgenland. Linz. Biol. Beitr. 35, 1307–1326 (2003).
Google Scholar
82.Kocián, P. Novelties in the roadside flora of Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic) – 1. Spergularia media. Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Nat. 64, 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2015-0033 (2015).83.Randall, R. E. An annotated flora of Tory Island, Co Donegal (vc H35). Ir. Nat. J. 27, 373–381 (2004).
Google Scholar
84.Rossbach, R. P. Spergularia in North and South America. Contrib. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. 130, 57–217 (1940).
Google Scholar
85.Truscott, A. M., Palmer, S. C. F., McGowan, G. M., Cape, J. N. & Smart, S. Vegetation composition of roadside verges in Scotland: the effects of nitrogen deposition, disturbance and management. Environment. Poll. 136, 109–118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.009 (2005).86.Lonsdale, W. M. & Lane, A. M. Tourist vehicles as vectors of weed seeds in Kakadu National Park Northern Australia. Biol. Conserv. 69, 277–283 (1994).Article
Google Scholar
87.Borhidi, A. & Sánta, A. Vörös könyv Magyarország növénytársulásairól. I-II. 711 pp (Természetbúvár Alapítvány Kiadó, 2007).88.Bekker, R. et al. Seed size, shape and vertical distribution in the soil: indicators of seed longevity. Funct. Ecol. 12, 834–842. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00252.x (1998).Article
Google Scholar
89.Westoby, M., Leishman, M., Lord, J., Poorter, H. & Schoen, D. J. Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal. Philos. T. R. Soc. B. 351, 1309–1318 (1996).Article
Google Scholar
90.Török, P. et al. New thousand-seed weight records of the Pannonian flora and their application in analysing Social Behaviour Types. Acta Bot. Hung. 55, 429–472. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.55.2013.3-4.17 (2013).Article
Google Scholar
91.Török, P. et al. New measurements of thousand-seed weights of species in the Pannonian flora. Acta Bot. Hung. 58, 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1556/034.58.2016.1-2.10 (2016).Article
Google Scholar
92.Dawson, W., Burslem, D. F. & Hulme, P. E. Factors explaining alien plant invasion success in a tropical ecosystem differ at each stage of invasion. J. Ecol. 97, 657–665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01519.x (2009).Article
Google Scholar
93.Ungar, I. A. & Binet, P. Factors influencing seed dormancy in Spergularia media (L.) C Presl. Aquat. Bot. 1, 45–55 (1975).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
94.Moravcova, L. & Frantik, T. Germination ecology of Puccinellia distans and P. limosa. Biologia, Sect. Bot. 57,441–448 (2002).95.Filep, Gy. Talajtani alapismeretek II. Egyetemi jegyzet. (Debreceni Agrártudományi Egyetem, Debrecen, 1999)96.Grigore, M. N., & Toma, C. Anatomical adaptations of halophytes. A review of classic literature and recent, Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66480-4 (2017).97.Grigore, M. N., Ivanescu, L. & Toma, C. Halophytes: an integrative anatomical study. Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05729-3 (2014).Article
Google Scholar
98.Vakhrusheva, D. V. Mesostructure of photosynthetic apparatus in C3 plants in the arid zone of Central Asia, Extended Abst. Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Leningrad (1989).99.Breckle, S. W. Salinity tolerance of different halophyte types. In Genetic aspects of plant mineral nutrition Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2053-8_26 (1990).100.Glenn, E. P., Brown, J. J. & Blumwald, E. Salt tolerance and crop potential of halophytes. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 18, 227–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689991309207 (1999).Article
Google Scholar
101.Flowers, T. J. & Yeo, A. R. Ion relations of plants under drought and salinity. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13, 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9860075 (1986).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
102.Pătruţ, D. I., Pop, A., & Coste, I. Biodiversitatea halofitelor din Câmpia Banatului. Eurobit, (2005).103.Skultety, D. & Matthews, J. W. Urbanization and roads drive non-native plant invasion in the Chicago Metropolitan region. Biol. Inv. 19(2553–2566), 2553–2566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1464-7 (2017).Article
Google Scholar More