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The composition of bacterial and fungal microbiotas changes during vermicomposting of sewage sludgeThe bacterial community of the raw sewage sludge included 19 phyla and was mainly comprised of Bacteroidota, Bdellovibrionota, Campilobacterota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (Fig. 1). Bacterial communities of fresh earthworm casts were dominated by the phyla Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota (Fig. 1). Large changes in bacterial community composition were found after transit of the sewage sludge through the gut of the earthworms (GAP), with significant decreases in the abundance of Campilobacterota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, and significant increases in the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota (Supplementary Table S1). At the genus level, transit through the gut significantly reduced the abundance of bacterial genera Terrimonas, Acetoanaerobium, Bacteroides, Cloacibacterium, Proteocatella and Macellibacteroides among others (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table S2), and increased significantly the abundance of Dyadobacter, Aeromonas, Luteolibacter, Edaphobaculum, Cellvibrio, Pedobacter, Sphingomonas, Devosia, Cetobacterium and Rhodanobacter among others (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table S2). At ASV level, transit through the earthworm gut significantly reduced the relative abundance of 49 bacterial ASVs and increased the relative abundance of 54 bacterial ASVs (Supplementary Table S3).Figure 1Relative abundance of the main phyla and genera of bacteria in sewage sludge, fresh earthworm casts and vermicompost (3 months old) during vermicomposting of sewage sludge. Low abundance bacterial phyla and genera ( More

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