Philippa Kaur

1.Bradford, M. A. et al. Climate fails to predict wood decomposition at regional scales. Nat. Clim. Chan. 4, 625–630 (2014).CAS 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
2.Crowther, T. W. et al. The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry. Science 365, eaav0550 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
3.Lustenhouwer, N. et al. A trait-based understanding of wood decomposition by fungi. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 117, 11551–11558 (2020).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
4.Tilman, D. et al. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science 294, 843–845 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
ADS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
5.Ammer, C. Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate. New Phytol. 221, 50–66 (2019).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
6.Dickie, I. A., Fukami, T., Wilkie, J. P., Allen, R. B. & Buchanan, P. K. Do assembly history effects attenuate from species to ecosystem properties? A field test with wood-inhabiting fungi. Ecol. Lett. 15, 133–141 (2012).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
7.van der Wal, A., Ottosson, E. & de Boer, W. Neglected role of fungal community composition in explaining variation in wood decay rates. Ecology 96, 124–133 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
8.Hoppe, B. et al. Linking molecular deadwood-inhabiting fungal diversity and community dynamics to ecosystem functions and processes in Central European forests. Fung. Div. 77, 367–379 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Purahong, W. et al. Determinants of deadwood-inhabiting fungal communities in temperate forests: Molecular evidence from a large scale deadwood decomposition experiment. Front. Microbiol. 9, Article 2120 (2018).10.Skelton, J. et al. Relationships among wood-boring beetles, fungi, and the decomposition of forest biomass. Mol. Ecol. 28, 4971–4986 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
11.Toljander, Y. K., Lindahl, B. D., Holmer, L. & Hogberg, N. O. S. Environmental fluctuations facilitate species co-existence and increase decomposition in communities of wood decay fungi. Oecologia 148, 625–631 (2006).PubMed 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
12.Fukami, T. et al. Assembly history dictates ecosystem functioning: evidence from wood decomposer communities. Ecol. Lett. 13, 675–684 (2010).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Boddy, L. Fungal community ecology and wood decomposition process in angiosperms: From standing tree to complete decay of coarse woody debris. Ecol. Bull. 49, 43–56 (2001).
Google Scholar 
14.Boddy, L. & Heilmann-Clausen, J. Basidiomycete community development in temperate angiosperm wood. In Ecology of saprotrpophic basidiomycetes. (Eds. Boddy, L., Frankland, J.C., & van West, P.) 211–237 (Academic Press, 2008).15.Parfitt, D., Hunt, J., Dockrell, D., Rogers, H. J. & Boddy, L. Do all trees carry the seed of their own destruction? PCR reveals numerous wood decay fungi latently present in sapwood of a wide range of angiosperm trees. Fung. Ecol. 3, 338–346 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Song, Z., Kennedy, P. G., Liew, F. J. & Schilling, J. S. Fungal endophytes as priority colonizers initiating wood decomposition. Func. Ecol. 31, 407–418 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Cline, L. C., Schilling, J. S., Menke, J., Groenhof, E. & Kennedy, P. G. Ecological and functional effects of fungal endophytes on wood decomposition. Func. Ecol. 32, 181–191 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Coates, D. & Rayner, A. D. M. Fungal population and community development in cut beech logs I. Establishment via the aerial cut surface. New Phytol. 101, 153–171 (1985).Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Fukasawa, Y., Osono, T. & Takeda, H. Beech log decomposition by wood-inhabiting fungi in a cool temperate forest floor: A quantitative analysis focused on the decay activity of a dominant basidiomycetes Omphalotus guepiniformis. Ecol. Res. 25, 959–966 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Boddy, L. & Hiscox, J. Fungal ecology: principles and mechanisms of colonization and competition by saprotrophic fungi. Microbiol. Spec. 4, FUNK-0019-2016 (2016).
Google Scholar 
21.Rajala, T., Peltoniemi, M., Pennanen, T. & Makipaa, R. Fungal community dynamics in relation to substrate quality of decaying Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) logs in boreal forests. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 81, 494–505 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Rajala, T., Tuomivirta, T., Pennanen, T. & Mäkipää, R. Habitat models of wood-inhabiting fungi along a decay gradient of Norway spruce logs. Fung. Ecol. 18, 48–55 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Rayner, A.D.M., & Boddy, L. Fungal decomposition of wood: Its biology and ecology. (Willey, 1988).24.Bunnell, F. L. & Houde, I. Down wood and biodiversity—Implications to forest practices. Environ. Rev. 18, 397–421 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Wells, J. M. & Boddy, L. Interspecific carbon exchange and cost of interactions between basidiomycete mycelia in soil and wood. Func. Ecol. 16, 153–161 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Hiscox, J. et al. Effects of pre-colonisation and temperature on interspecific fungal interactions in wood. Fung. Ecol. 21, 32–42 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Fukasawa, Y., Osono, T. & Takeda, H. Wood decomposition abilities of diverse lignicolous fungi on nondecayed and decayed beech wood. Mycologia 103, 474–482 (2011).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Valentin, L. et al. Loss of diversity in wood-inhabiting fungal communities affects decomposition activity in Norway spruce wood. Front. Microbiol. 5, Article 230 (2014).29.Maynard, D., Crowther, T. W. & Bradford, M. A. Fungal interactions reduce carbon use efficiency. Ecol. Lett. 20, 1034–1042 (2017).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Woodward, S., & Boddy, L. Interactions between saprotrophic fungi. In Ecology of saprotrophic basidiomycetes (eds Boddy, L., Frankland, J.C., van West, P.) 125–141 (Academic Press, 2008).31.Gessner, M. O. et al. Diversity meets decomposition. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 372–380 (2010).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
32.Fukasawa, Y., Gilmartin, E. C., Savoury, M. & Boddy, L. Inoculum volume effects on competitive outcome and wood decay rate of brown- and white-rot basidiomycetes. Fung. Ecol. 45, 100938 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
33.O’Leary, J. et al. The whiff of decay: Linking volatile production and extracellular enzymes to outcomes of fungal interactions at different temperatures. Fung. Ecol. 39, 336–348 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Boddy, L., Owens, E. M. & Chapela, I. H. Small scale variation in decay rate within logs one year after felling: effect of fungal community structure and moisture content. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 62, 173–184 (1989).Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Setälä, H. & McLean, M. A. Decomposition rate of organic substrates in relation to the species diversity of soil saprophytic fungi. Oecologia 139, 98–107 (2004).PubMed 
Article 
ADS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
36.Yang, C. et al. Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2 emissions from dead wood in a natural forest. Sci. Rep. 6, 31066 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
37.Berg, B., & McClaugherty, C. Plant litter: Decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration (Springer, 2003).38.Fukasawa, Y., Takahashi, K., Arikawa, T., Hattori, T. & Maekawa, N. Fungal wood decomposer activities influence community structure of myxomycetes and bryophytes on coarse woody debris. Fung. Ecol. 14, 44–52 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Fukasawa, Y., Hyodo, F. & Kawakami, S. Foraging association between myxomycetes and fungal communities on coarse woody debris. Soil Biol. Biochem. 121, 95–102 (2018).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Fukasawa, Y. Fungal succession and decomposition of Pinus densiflora snags. Ecol. Res. 33, 435–444 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Fukasawa, Y., Osono, T. & Takeda, H. Effects of attack of saprobic fungi on twig litter decomposition by endophytic fungi. Ecol. Res. 24, 1067–1073 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Hiscox, J. & Boddy, L. Armed and dangerous—Chemical warfare in wood decay communities. Fung. Biol. Rev. 31, 169–184 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
43.Presley, G.N., Zhang, J., Purvine, S.O., & Schilling, J.S. Functional genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics reveal distinct combat strategies between lineages of wood-degrading fungi with redundant wood decay mechanisms. Front. Microbiol. 11, article 1646 (2020).44.Hiscox, J., Savoury, M., Vaughan, I. P., Muller, C. T. & Boddy, L. Antagonistic fungal interactions influence carbon dioxide evolution from decomposing wood. Fung. Ecol. 14, 24–32 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Zhang, X., Xu, C. & Wang, H. Pretreatment of bamboo residues with Coriolus versicolor for enzymatic hydrolysis. J. Biosci. Bioengineer. 104, 149–151 (2007).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Horisawa, S., Inoue, A. & Yamanaka, Y. Direct ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials by mixed culture of wood rot fungi Schizophyllum commune, Bjerkandera adusta, and Fomitopsis palustris. Fermentation 5, 21 (2019).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Schilling, J. S., Kaffenberger, J. T., Held, B. W., Ortiz, R. & Blanchette, R. A. Using wood rot phenotypes to illuminate the “Gray” among decomposer fungi. Front. Microbiol 11, 1288 (2020).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
48.Crawford, R. H., Carpenter, S. E. & Harmon, M. E. Communities of filamentous fungi and yeast in decomposing logs of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mycologia 82, 759–765 (1990).Article 

Google Scholar 
49.Lumley, T. C., Gignac, L. D. & Currah, R. S. Microfungus communities of white spruce and trembling aspen logs and different stages of decay in disturbed and undisturbed sites in the boreal mixedwood region of Alberta. Can. J. Bot. 79, 76–92 (2001).
Google Scholar 
50.Fukasawa, Y., Osono, T. & Takeda, H. Microfungus communities of Japanese beech logs at different stages of decay in a cool temperate deciduous forest. Can. J. For. Res. 39, 1606–1614 (2009).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Fukasawa, Y., Osono, T. & Takeda, H. Dynamics of physicochemical properties and occurrence of fungal fruit bodies during decomposition of coarse woody debris of Fagus crenata. J. For. Res. 14, 20–29 (2009).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Maynard, D., Crowther, T. W. & Bradford, M. A. Competitive network determines the direction of the diversity-function relationship. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 11464–11469 (2017).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Kubart, A., Vasaitis, R., Stenlid, J. & Dahlberg, A. Fungal communities in Norway spruce stumps along a latitudinal gradient in Sweden. For. Ecol. Manag. 371, 50–58 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
54.MacArthur, R.H., & Wilson, E.O. The Theory of Island Biogeography. (Princeton University Press, 2001).55.Yachi, S. & Loreau, M. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1463–1468 (1999).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
56.Maynard, D. et al. Consistent trade-offs in fungal trait expression across broad spatial scales. Nat. Microbiol. 4, 846–853 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Talbot, J. M. et al. Endemism and functional convergence across the North American soil mycobiome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6341–6346 (2014).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
58.Pyle, C. & Brown, M. M. Heterogeneity of wood decay classes within hardwood logs. For. Ecol. Manag. 114, 253–259 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
59.Carini, P. et al. Effects of spatial variability and relic DNA removal on the detection of temporal dynamics in soil microbial communities. mBio 11, e02776-19 (2020).60.Fukasawa, Y. & Matsuoka, S. Communities of wood-inhabiting fungi in dead pine logs along a geographical gradient in Japan. Fung. Ecol. 18, 75–82 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
61.Worrall, J. J., Anagnost, S. E. & Zabel, R. A. Comparison of wood decay among diverse lignicolous fungi. Mycologia 89, 199–219 (1997).Article 

Google Scholar 
62.Deacon, J. W. Decomposition of filter paper cellulose by thermophilic fungi acting singly, in combination, and in sequence. Tr. Br. Mycol. Soc. 85, 663–669 (1985).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
63.Fukasawa, Y. Effects of wood decomposer fungi on tree seedling establishment on coarse woody debris. For. Ecol. Manag. 266, 232–238 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
64.Toju, H., Tanabe, A. S., Yamamoto, S. & Sato, H. High-coverage ITS primers for the DNA-based identification of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes in environmental samples. PLoS ONE 7, e40863 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
65.Tanabe, A. S. & Toju, H. Two new computational methods for universal DNA barcoding: A benchmark using barcode sequences of bacteria, archaea, animals, fungi, and land plants. PLoS ONE 8, e76910 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
66.Osono, T. Metagenomic approach yields insights into fungal diversity and functioning. In Species diversity and community structure (eds Sota, T., Kagata, H., Ando, Y., Utsumi, S., & Osono, T.) 1–23 (Springer, 2014).67.Ohtsubo, Y., Ikeda-Ohtsubo, W., Nagata, Y. & Tsuda, M. GenomeMatcher: a graphical user interface for DNA sequence comparison. BMC Bioinform. 9, 376. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-376 (2008).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
68.Ovaskainen, O., & Abrego, N. Joint Species Distribution Modelling: With Application in R (Cambridge University Press, 2020).69.R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. www.R-project.org (2019). More

1.Stal, L. J. et al. BASIC: Baltic Sea cyanobacteria. An investigation of the structure and dynamics of water blooms of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea—Responses to a changing environment. Cont. Shelf Res. 23, 1695–1714 (2003).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
2.McGregor, G. B. et al. First report of a toxic Nodularia spumigena (nostocales/cyanobacteria) bloom in sub-tropical Australia. I. Phycological and public health investigations. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health 9, 2396–2411 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Popin, R. V. et al. Genomic and metabolomic analyses of natural products in Nodularia spumigena isolated from a shrimp culture pond. Toxins 12, 141 (2020).CAS 
PubMed Central 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
4.Seaman, M., Ashton, P. & Williams, W. Inland salt waters of southern Africa. Hydrobiologia 210, 75–91 (1991).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Beutel, M. W., Horne, A. J., Roth, J. C. & Barratt, N. J. Saline Lakes 91–105 (Springer, 2001).Book 

Google Scholar 
6.Paerl, H. W. & Paul, V. J. Climate change: Links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacteria. Water Res. 46, 1349–1363 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Karjalainen, M. et al. Ecosystem consequences of cyanobacteria in the northern Baltic Sea. AMBIO J. Human Environ. 36, 195–202 (2007).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Sotton, B., Domaizon, I., Anneville, O., Cattanéo, F. & Guillard, J. Nodularin and cylindrospermopsin: A review of their effects on fish. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 25, 1–19 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Mazur-Marzec, H., Bertos-Fortis, M., Toruńska-Sitarz, A., Fidor, A. & Legrand, C. Chemical and genetic diversity of Nodularia spumigena from the Baltic Sea. Mar. Drugs 14, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14110209 (2016).CAS 
Article 
PubMed Central 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
10.Voss, B. et al. Insights into the physiology and ecology of the brackish-water-adapted Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CCY9414 based on a genome-transcriptome analysis. PLoS ONE 8, e60224–e60224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060224 (2013).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
11.Le Manach, S. et al. Global metabolomic characterizations of Microcystis spp. highlights clonal diversity in natural bloom-forming populations and expands metabolite structural diversity. Front. Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00791 (2019).Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
12.Welker, M. & von Döhren, H. Cyanobacterial peptides—Nature’s own combinatorial biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 30, 530–563 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Kehr, J. C., Picchi, D. G. & Dittmann, E. Natural product biosyntheses in cyanobacteria: A treasure trove of unique enzymes. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 7, 1622–1635. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.191 (2011).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
14.Christiansen, G., Philmus, B., Hemscheidt, T. & Kurmayer, R. Genetic variation of adenylation domains of the anabaenopeptin synthesis operon and evolution of substrate promiscuity. J. Bacteriol. 193, 3822–3831 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Ishida, K. et al. Biosynthesis and structure of aeruginoside 126A and 126B, cyanobacterial peptide glycosides bearing a 2-carboxy-6-hydroxyoctahydroindole moiety. Chem. Biol. 14, 565–576 (2007).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Fewer, D.P. et al. The non-ribosomal assembly and frequent occurrence of the protease inhibitors spumigins in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Mol. Microbiol. 73, 924–937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06816.x (2009).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
17.Portmann, C. et al. Isolation of aerucyclamides C and D and structure revision of microcyclamide 7806A: Heterocyclic ribosomal peptides from Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and their antiparasite evaluation. J. Nat. Prod. 71, 1891–1896 (2008).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Ersmark, K., Del Valle, J. R. & Hanessian, S. Chemistry and biology of the aeruginosin family of serine protease inhibitors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 1202–1223 (2008).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Liu, L. et al. Pseudoaeruginosins, nonribosomal peptides in Nodularia spumigena. ACS Chem. Biol. 10, 725–733 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Itou, Y., Suzuki, S., Ishida, K. & Murakami, M. Anabaenopeptins G and H, potent carboxypeptidase A inhibitors from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii (NIES-595). Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 1243–1246 (1999).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
21.Bister, B. et al. Cyanopeptolin 963A, a chymotrypsin inhibitor of Microcystis PCC 7806. J. Nat. Prod. 67, 1755–1757 (2004).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Neilan, B. A., Pearson, L. A., Muenchhoff, J., Moffitt, M. C. & Dittmann, E. Environmental conditions that influence toxin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Environ. Microbiol. 15, 1239–1253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02729.x (2013).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
23.Halstvedt, C. B., Rohrlack, T., Ptacnik, R. & Edvardsen, B. On the effect of abiotic environmental factors on production of bioactive oligopeptides in field populations of Planktothrix spp. (Cyanobacteria). J. Plankton Res. 30, 607–617 (2008).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Mazur-Marzec, H. et al. Diversity of peptides produced by Nodularia spumigena from various geographical regions. Mar. Drugs 11, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/md11010001 (2012).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
25.Repka, S., Koivula, M., Harjunpa, V., Rouhiainen, L. & Sivonen, K. Effects of phosphate and light on growth of and bioactive peptide production by the Cyanobacterium anabaena strain 90 and its anabaenopeptilide mutant. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 4551–4560. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4551-4560.2004 (2004).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
26.Lehtimäki, J., Moisander, P., Sivonen, K. & Kononen, K. Growth, nitrogen fixation, and nodularin production by two Baltic Sea cyanobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 1647–1656 (1997).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
27.OECD. Test No. 201: Freshwater alga and cyanobacteria, growth inhibition test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069923-en (OECD
Publishing, Paris, 2011).28.Vaas, L. A. I., Sikorski, J., Michael, V., Göker, M. & Klenk, H.-P. Visualization and curve-parameter estimation strategies for efficient exploration of phenotype microarray kinetics. PLoS ONE 7, e34846. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034846 (2012).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
29.Higo, S., Yamatogi, T., Ishida, N., Hirae, S. & Koike, K. Application of a pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer reveals its usefulness and robustness in the prediction of Karenia mikimotoi blooms: A case study in Sasebo Bay, Nagasaki, Japan. Harmful Algae 61, 63–70 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Qi, H., Wang, J. & Wang, Z. A comparative study of maximal quantum yield of photosystem II to determine nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on two marine algae. J. Sea Res. 80, 1–11 (2013).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
31.Briand, E., Bormans, M., Gugger, M., Dorrestein, P. C. & Gerwick, W. H. Changes in secondary metabolic profiles of Microcystis aeruginosa strains in response to intraspecific interactions. Environ. Microbiol. 18, 384–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12904 (2016).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
32.Koek, M. M., Muilwijk, B., van der Werf, M. J. & Hankemeier, T. Microbial metabolomics with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 78, 1272–1281 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
33.R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2020).34.Medlock, G. L. et al. Inferring metabolic mechanisms of interaction within a defined gut microbiota. Cell Syst. 7, 245-257.e247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2018.08.003 (2018).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
35.Paul, C., Mausz, M. A. & Pohnert, G. A co-culturing/metabolomics approach to investigate chemically mediated interactions of planktonic organisms reveals influence of bacteria on diatom metabolism. Metabolomics 9, 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0453-1 (2013).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Schatz, D. et al. Ecological implications of the emergence of non-toxic subcultures from toxic Microcystis strains. Environ. Microbiol. 7, 798–805 (2005).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Jensen, A., Rystad, B. & Skoglund, L. The use of dialysis culture in phytoplankton studies. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 8, 241–248 (1972).Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Kobayashi, K., Takata, Y. & Kodama, M. Direct contact between Pseudo-nitzschiaámultiseries and bacteria is necessary for the diatom to produce a high level of domoic acid. Fish. Sci. 75, 771–776 (2009).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
39.McVeigh, I., & Brown, W. In vitro growth of chlamydomonas chlamydogama bold and haematococcus pluvialis flotow em. Wille in mixed cultures.
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 81(3), 218–233. https://doi.org/10.2307/2481813 (1954).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Sieg, R. D., Poulson-Ellestad, K. L. & Kubanek, J. Chemical ecology of the marine plankton. Nat. Prod. Rep. 28, 388–399 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Yamasaki, A. An overview of CO2 mitigation options for global warming—Emphasizing CO2 sequestration options. J. Chem. Eng. Japan 36, 361–375 (2003).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Hajdu, S., Hoglander, H. & Larsson, U. Phytoplankton vertical distributions and composition in Baltic Sea cyanobacterial blooms. Harmful Algae 6, 189–205 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
43.Berman-Frank, I. & Dubinsky, Z. Balanced growth in aquatic plants: Myth or reality? Phytoplankton use the imbalance between carbon assimilation and biomass production to their strategic advantage. Bioscience 49, 29–37 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
44.Kruskopf, M. & Flynn, K. J. Chlorophyll content and fluorescence responses cannot be used to gauge reliably phytoplankton biomass, nutrient status or growth rate. New Phytol. 169, 525–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01601.x (2006).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
45.Raven, J. A. & Beardall, J. Chlorophyll fluorescence and ecophysiology: Seeing red?. New Phytol. 169, 449–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01637.x (2006).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
46.Li, Q. et al. A large-scale comparative metagenomic study reveals the functional interactions in six bloom-forming microcystis-epibiont communities. Front. Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00746 (2018).Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
47.Harke, M. J. et al. A review of the global ecology, genomics, and biogeography of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis spp. Harmful Algae 54, 4–20 (2016).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
48.Caldwell, D. Associations between photosynthetic and heterotrophic prokaryotes in plankton. in Abstracts of the third International Symposium on Photosynthetic Prokaryotes (ed Nichols, J. M) (University of Liverpool, UK, 1979).49.Park, H. D. et al. Degradation of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin by a new bacterium isolated from a hypertrophic lake. Environ. Toxicol. Int. J. 16, 337–343 (2001).CAS 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
50.Berg, C. et al. Dissection of microbial community functions during a cyanobacterial bloom in the Baltic Sea via metatranscriptomics. Front. Mar. Sci. 5, 55 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Humbert, J.-F. et al. A tribute to disorder in the genome of the bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. PLoS ONE 8, e70747. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070747 (2013).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
52.Toporowska, M., Mazur-Marzec, H. & Pawlik-Skowrońska, B. The effects of cyanobacterial bloom extracts on the biomass, Chl-a, MC and other oligopeptides contents in a natural Planktothrix agardhii population. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health 17, 2881 (2020).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Grabowska, M., Kobos, J., Toruńska-Sitarz, A. & Mazur-Marzec, H. Non-ribosomal peptides produced by Planktothrix agardhii from Siemianówka Dam Reservoir SDR (northeast Poland). Arch. Microbiol. 196, 697–707 (2014).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
54.Penn, K., Wang, J., Fernando, S. C. & Thompson, J. R. Secondary metabolite gene expression and interplay of bacterial functions in a tropical freshwater cyanobacterial bloom. ISME J. 8, 1866–1878 (2014).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
55.Neilan, B. A. et al. Nonribosomal peptide synthesis and toxigenicity of cyanobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 181, 4089–4097 (1999).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
56.Long, B. M., Jones, G. J. & Orr, P. T. Cellular microcystin content in N-limited Microcystis aeruginosa can be predicted from growth rate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 278–283 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Qu, J. et al. Determination of the role of microcystis aeruginosa in toxin generation based on phosphoproteomic profiles. Toxins 10, 304 (2018).PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
58.Raven, J. A. Cyanotoxins: A poison that frees phosphate. Curr. Biol. 20, R850–R852 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
59.Utkilen, H. & Gjølme, N. Iron-stimulated toxin production in Microcystis aeruginosa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 797–800 (1995).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Gan, N. et al. The role of microcystins in maintaining colonies of bloom-forming Microcystis spp. Environ. Microbiol. 14, 730–742 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
61.Pomati, F., Rossetti, C., Manarolla, G., Burns, B. P. & Neilan, B. A. Interactions between intracellular Na+ levels and saxitoxin production in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3. Microbiology 150, 455–461 (2004).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
62.Seigler, D. & Price, P. W. Secondary compounds in plants: Primary functions. Am. Nat. 110, 101–105 (1976).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
63.Zilliges, Y. et al. The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin binds to proteins and increases the fitness of Microcystis under oxidative stress conditions. PLoS ONE 6, e17615 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
64.Meissner, S., Fastner, J. & Dittmann, E. Microcystin production revisited: Conjugate formation makes a major contribution. Environ. Microbiol. 15, 1810–1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12072 (2013).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
65.Orr, P. T., Willis, A. & Burford, M. A. Application of first order rate kinetics to explain changes in bloom toxicity—The importance of understanding cell toxin quotas. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 36, 1063–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-7188-z (2018).CAS 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
66.Rantala, A. et al. Phylogenetic evidence for the early evolution of microcystin synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 568–573 (2004).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
67.Orr, P. T. & Jones, G. J. Relationship between microcystin production and cell division rates in nitrogen-limited Microcystis aeruginosa cultures. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 1604–1614 (1998).CAS 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
68.Burford, M. A. et al. Understanding the winning strategies used by the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Harmful Algae 54, 44–53 (2016).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
69.Pierangelini, M. et al. Constitutive cylindrospermopsin pool size in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii under different light and CO2 partial pressure conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81, 3069–3076. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.03556-14 (2015).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
70.Falkowski, P. G., Sukenik, A. & Herzig, R. Nitrogen limitation in Isochrysis galbana (Haptophyceae). II. Relative abundance of chloroplast proteins. J. Phycol. 25, 471–478 (1989).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
71.Turpin, D. H. Effects of inorganic N availability on algal photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. J. Phycol. 27, 14–20 (1991).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
72.Moffitt, M. C. & Neilan, B. A. Characterization of the nodularin synthetase gene cluster and proposed theory of the evolution of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 6353–6362 (2004).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
73.Fewer, D. P. et al. New structural variants of aeruginosin produced by the toxic bloom forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. PLoS ONE 8, e73618 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
74.Fujii, K. et al. Comparative study of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacterial products: Novel peptides from toxic Nodularia spumigena AV1. Tetrahedron Lett. 38, 5525–5528 (1997).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
75.Ishida, K. et al. Plasticity and evolution of aeruginosin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 2017–2026 (2009).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
76.Suikkanen, S., Fistarol, G. O. & Granéli, E. Allelopathic effects of the Baltic cyanobacteria Nodularia spumdigena, Aphanizomenon flosaquae and Anabaena lemmermannii on algal monocultures. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 308, 85–101 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
77.Suikkanen, S., Engström-Öst, J., Jokela, J., Sivonen, K. & Viitasalo, M. Allelopathy of Baltic Sea cyanobacteria: No evidence for the role of nodularin. J. Plankton Res. 28, 543–550. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi139 (2006).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
78.Żak, A. & Kosakowska, A. The influence of extracellular compounds produced by selected Baltic cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates on growth of green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 167, 113–118 (2015).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
79.Śliwińska-Wilczewska, S., Felpeto, A. B., Możdżeń, K., Vasconcelos, V. & Latała, A. Physiological effects on coexisting microalgae of the allelochemicals produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. and Nodularia spumigena. Toxins 11, 712 (2019).PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
80.Gross, E. M. Allelopathy of aquatic autotrophs. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22, 313–339 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
81.Legrand, C., Rengefors, K., Fistarol, G. O. & Graneli, E. Allelopathy in phytoplankton-biochemical, ecological and evolutionary aspects. Phycologia 42, 406–419 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
82.Leao, P. N., Vasconcelos, M. T. & Vasconcelos, V. M. Allelopathy in freshwater cyanobacteria. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 35, 271–282. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408410902823705 (2009).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
83.MacKintosh, C., Beattie, K. A., Klumpp, S., Cohen, P. & Codd, G. A. Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants. FEBS Lett. 264, 187–192 (1990).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
84.Pflugmacher, S. Possible allelopathic effects of cyanotoxins, with reference to microcystin-LR, in aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Toxicol. Int. J. 17, 407–413 (2002).CAS 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
85.Tilahun S. Exclusive partitioning of intra- and extra-cellular cyanotoxins: limitation of the conventional procedure. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 27(14), 17427–17428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08256-8 (2020).Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
86.Park, H. D. et al. Temporal variabilities of the concentrations of intra-and extracellular microcystin and toxic Microcystis species in a hypertrophic lake, Lake Suwa, Japan (1991–1994). Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual. Int. J. 13, 61–72 (1998).CAS 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
87.Tsuji, K. et al. Stability of microcystins from cyanobacteria: Effect of light on decomposition and isomerization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 173–177 (1994).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
ADS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
88.Schatz, D. et al. Towards clarification of the biological role of microcystins, a family of cyanobacterial toxins. Environ. Microbiol. 9, 965–970 (2007).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
89.Makower, A. K. et al. Transcriptomics-aided dissection of the intracellular and extracellular roles of microcystin in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81, 544–554 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
90.Kaplan, A. et al. The languages spoken in the water body (or the biological role of cyanobacterial toxins). Front. Microbiol. 3, 138 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
91.Svercel, M. Negative allelopathy among cyanobacteria. in Cyanobacteria: Ecology, Toxicology and Management. (ed Ferrao-Filho, A. S.) 27–46 (Nova Science Publishers, New York, NY, USA, 2013).
Google Scholar 
92.Wiegand, C. & Pflugmacher, S. Ecotoxicological effects of selected cyanobacterial secondary metabolites a short review. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 203, 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.002 (2005).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
93.Agrawal, M. & Agrawal, M. K. Cyanobacteria–herbivore interaction in freshwater ecosystem. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Res. 1, 52–66 (2011).
Google Scholar 
94.Sadler, T. & von Elert, E. Dietary exposure of Daphnia to microcystins: No in vivo relevance of biotransformation. Aquat. Toxicol. 150, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.017 (2014).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
95.Rohrlack, T., Christiansen, G. & Kurmayer, R. Putative antiparasite defensive system involving ribosomal and nonribosomal oligopeptides in cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79, 2642–2647 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
96.Sivonen, K. et al. Occurrence of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea and structure of the toxin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1990–1995 (1989).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
97.Burbage, C. D. & Binder, B. J. Relationship between cell cycle and light-limited growth rate in oceanic Prochlorococcus (MIT9312) and Synechococcus (WH8103) (Cyanobacteria). J. Phycol. 43, 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00315.x (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
98.Lei, L., Dai, J., Lin, Q., Peng, L. Competitive dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa against Raphidiopsis raciborskii is strain-and temperature dependent. Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. 421, 36. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020023 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar  More

1.Schulthess, C. P. & Huang, C. P. Adsorption of heavy metals by silicon and aluminum oxide surfaces on clay minerals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54, 679–688 (1990).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
2.City of Joplin Health Department. Report to Jasper County EPA Superfund citizen’s task force. City of Joplin Health Department, Joplin, MO (1995).3.Beyer, W. N., Pattee, O. H., Sileo, L., Hoffman, D. J. & Mulhern, B. M. Metal contamination in wildlife living near two zinc smelters. Environ. Pollut. Ser. A38, 63–86 (1985).Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Khan, D. H. & Frankland, B. Effects of cadmium and lead on radish plants with particular reference to movement of metals through soil profile and plant. Plant Soil 70, 335–345 (1983).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Ruby, M. V., Davis, A., Kempton, J. H., Drexler, J. & Bergstrom, P. D. Lead bioavailability: Dissolution kinetics under simulated gastric conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 1242–1248 (1992).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
6.Ruby, M. V., Davis, A. & Nicholson, A. In-situ formation of lead phosphates in soils as a method to immobilize lead. Environ. Sci. Tchnol. 28, 646–654 (1994).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Nriagu, J. O. Lead orthophosphates-IV: Formation and stability in the environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 887–898 (1974).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Ma, Q. Y., Logan, T. J. & Traina, S. J. Lead immobilization from aqueous solutions and contaminated soils using phosphate rocks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 1118–1126 (1995).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Xu, Y. & Schwartz, F. W. Lead immobilization by hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions. J. Contam. Hydrol. 15, 187–206 (1994).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
10.Zhang, P. C., Ryan, J. A. & Yang, J. In vitro soil Pb solubility in the presence of hydroxyapatite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 2763–2768 (1998).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
11.Osborne, L. R., Baker, L. L. & Strawn, D. G. Lead immobilization and phosphorus availability in phosphate-amended, mine-contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 44(1), 183–190 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Yang, J. J., Mosby, D. E., Casteel, S. W. & Blanchar, R. W. Lead immobilization using phosphoric acid in smelter-contaminated urban soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 3553–3559 (2001).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Tang, X., Yang, J., Goyne, K. W. & Deng, B. Long-term risk reduction of lead contaminated urban soil by phosphate treatment. Env. Eng. Sci. 26(12), 1747–1754 (2009).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Tang, X. & Yang, J. Long-term stability of risk assessment of lead mill waste treated by soluble phosphate. Sci. Total Environ. 438, 299–303 (2012).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Brown, S. L. & Chaney, R. L. A rapid in-vitro procedure to a mimicked in-situ remediation study of metal-contaminated soils characterize the effectiveness of a variety of in-situ lead remediation with emphasis on Cd and Pb. J. Environ. Qual. 23, 58–63 (1997).
Google Scholar 
16.Li, Y. M., Chaney, R. L., Siebielec, G. & Kerschner, B. Response of four turf grass cultivars to limestone and biosolids-compost amendment of a zinc and cadmium contaminated soil at Palmerton, Pennsylvania. J. Environ. Qual. 29, 1440–1447 (2000).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Basta, N. T., Gradwhol, R., Snethen, K. L. & Schroder, J. L. Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. J. Environ. Qual. 30, 1222–1230 (2001).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Brown, S., Chaney, R. L., Hallfrisch, J. G. & Xue, Q. Effects of biosolids processing on lead bioavailability in an urban soil. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 100–108 (2003).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Mosby, D.E., Miller, S., Bishop, C., Mehuys, J. Former and abandoned lead and zinc mines demonstration project. Final Report. Missouri Department of Nature Resources, Jefferson City, MO (2002).20.Singh, S. P., Ma, L. Q., Tack, F. G. & Verloo, M. G. Trace metal leachability of land-disposed dredged sediments. J. Environ. Qual. 29, 1124–1142 (2000).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
21.Yang, J., Tang, X. & Wang, Z. Y. Water quality and ecotoxicity as influenced by phosphate and biosolid treatments in lead-contaminated soil and mine waste. J. Environ. Monit. Rest. 3, 21–33 (2007).
Google Scholar 
22.Ma, L. Q. & Rao, G. N. Chemical fractionation of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 26, 259–264 (1997).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Bhattacharyya, P., Chakrabarti, K., Chakraborty, A., Tripathy, S. & Powell, M. A. Fractionation and bioavailability of Pb in municipal solid waste compost and Pb uptake by rice straw and grain under submerged condition in amended soil. Geosci. J. 12, 41–45 (2008).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Brady, N. & Weil, R. The Nature and Property of Soils (Prentice Hall, 2002).
Google Scholar 
25.Fu, H. et al. Cadmium and lead speciation as affected by soil amendments in calcareous soil. Environ. Eng. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2017.0307 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Xu, J. C., Huang, L. M., Chen, C., Wang, J. & Long, X. X. Effective lead immobilization by phosphate rock solubilization mediated by phosphate rock amendment and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Chemosphere 237, 124540 (2019).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Kungolos, A. et al. Toxic properties of metals and organotin compounds and their interactions on daphnia magna and vibrio fischeri. Water Ai, Soil Pollut. 4, 101–110 (2004).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Eighmy, T. T. et al. Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion dry scrubber residue using soluble phosphate. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 3330–3338 (1997).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Crannell, B. S. et al. Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate. Waste Manag. 20, 135–148 (2000).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Bubb, J. M. & Lester, J. N. Impact of heavy metals on low land rivers and implications for the man and the environment. Sci. Total Environ. 100, 207–258 (1991).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Zhang, M. K. et al. Solubility of phosphorus and heavy metals in potting media amended with yard waste-biosolids compost. J. Environ. Qual. 33, 373–379 (2004).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Xian, X. Effect of chemical forms of cadmium, zinc, and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants. Plant Soil 113, 257–264 (1989).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
33.Zhang, M. K. et al. Phosphorus and heavy metal attachment and release in sandy soil aggregate fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 1158–1167 (2003).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Pierzynski, G. M. & Schwab, A. P. Bioavailability of zinc, cadmium, and lead in a metal contaminated alluvial soil. J. Environ. Qual. 22, 247–254 (1993).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Samaras, V., Tsadilas, C.D. Distribution and availability of six heavy metals in a soil treated with sewage sludge. In Proceedings of International Conference Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Berkeley, CA (1997).36.Scheckel, K. G. & Ryan, J. A. Spectroscopic speciation and quantification of lead in phosphate-amended soils. J. Environ. Qual. 33, 1288–1295 (2004).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Lang, F. & Kaupenjohann, M. Effect of dissolved organic matter on the precipitation and mobility of the lead compound chloropyromorphite in solution. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 54, 139–147 (2003).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Shi, Q. et al. Lead immobilization by phosphate in the presence of iron oxides: Adsorption versus precipitation. Water Res. 179, 115853 (2020).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Andrunik, M., Wolowiec, M., Wojnarski, D., Zelek-Pogudz, S. & Bajda, T. Transformation of Pb, Cd, and Zn minerals using phosphates. Minerals. 10, 342 (2020).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Guo, J. H. et al. Stablizing lead bullets in shooting range soil by phosphate-based surface coating. AIMS Environ Sci. 3(3), 474–487 (2016).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar  More

This section summarizes how we track a population’s biological resource demand and domestic availability. We also explain which income metrics we chose. A more complete discussion of the resource metric method is included in the Supplementary Methods.Measuring the biological resource balanceThe sustainable development literature has consistently recognized the importance of biological resource security. For example, the foundational Brundtland report expressed it as the need to live “within the planet’s ecological means” or “in harmony with the changing productive potential of the ecosystem”43.These principles call for comparing biological resource regeneration with a population’s demand on nature. Since people’s demands compete for nature’s products and services, one way of measuring this relationship between regeneration and human demand is by tracking how much mutually exclusive, biologically productive area is necessary to provide the resource flows that people demand. Humans demand biologically productive areas in several quantifiable ways: production of food, fibre and timber; physical infrastructure such as roads and buildings; and absorption of waste, particularly the carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. The total demand for biologically productive surfaces can be compared with the productive areas available that provide regeneration. Since the productivity of areas varies, they need to be measured not in terms of their physical extension, but in terms of biological regeneration they represent. For example, one can use a biologically productive hectare with world-average productivity as the common measurement unit that then allows expression of both demand and availability of productive areas in units that become comparable across space and time.Ecological footprint accounting is a well-documented concept to measure the total supply and demand of biological regeneration. In ecological footprint accounting, the ecosystem capacity to regenerate biomass is called biocapacity. It is measured in standardized ‘global hectares’, which represent the productivity of a world-average biologically productive hectare. The human demand for biocapacity is called the population’s ‘ecological footprint’, and it is the sum of all the mutually exclusive demands on these bioproductive areas. Ecological footprints are also expressed in global hectares.The principles of ecological footprint accounting, and the derived methods for national and sub-national assessments, are documented extensively within scientific literature6,7,8,9,38,44,45,46. The national accounting methodology has also been reviewed and documented by numerous national government agencies47.The essence of the approach is that regeneration is used as the lens to analyse both availability and demand because biological assets are materially the most limiting factor of the human economy1,2. In addition, biocapacity and ecological footprint can be tracked and compared with each other on the basis of two principles:

1.

By scaling every area proportionally to its biological productivity, each biologically productive area becomes commensurable with any other one. This is the essence of the global hectare.

2.

By including only areas that exclude other uses, that is, by making sure that every area is counted only once, the areas can meaningfully be added up, both for all the competing demands on productive surfaces (the ecological footprint) and for the surfaces that contain the planet’s regenerative capacity (the biocapacity).

The country-level accounts, called the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts, show that humanity’s demand exceeds Earth’s biocapacity, and the gap has been increasing since the 1970s8,38,40. This is consistent with research on planetary boundaries or ecosystem health1,2,10,11.Countries’ resource demand can be analysed from a consumption or a production perspective. The consumption perspective, which is the one used in this study, adjusts for trade and indicates the total resource consumption demand of a population. The production perspective identifies how much demand activities within a country directly put on ecosystems. This could be interpreted as the demand associated with generating the country’s GDP.Countries that demand more than their domestic ecosystems regenerate run a biocapacity deficit. It is made possible by three mechanisms: (1) overuse of domestic ecosystems, or local overshoot; (2) net import of biocapacity; and (3) use of the global commons, as in the case of emitting CO2 from fossil fuel into the atmosphere or fishing international waters38.Global results indicate that as of 2017, Earth had about 12.1 billion biologically productive hectares, according to Food and Agriculture Organization land-use statistics48. This includes productive ocean areas. By definition, this equals 12.1 billion global hectares, as each global hectare represents the productive average of all these 12.1 billion hectares. By contrast, human demand in 2017 added up to 20.9 billion global hectares, 73% higher than the regeneration of all the planet’s ecosystems combined (in per-person numbers, an average footprint of 2.8 global hectares contrasted to 1.6 global hectares of biocapacity available per person worldwide). This 73% overshoot may have dropped to 56% in 2020 due to lockdowns during COVID-194. In 2017, ecological footprint country averages varied from 0.5 global hectares per person (Eritrea) to 14.7 global hectares per person (Qatar). Biocapacity averages among countries stretch from 0.1 global hectares per person (Singapore) to 84 global hectares per person (Suriname)40.The accounts include only human demands (including domesticated animals) and not those of the millions of other living species, which together make possible the continuous functioning of the global ecosystem. To maintain biodiversity, which is critical for the integrity of the global ecosystem, humanity’s footprint would need to be less than the planet’s total biocapacity. E.O. Wilson, for example, proposed to only use half the planet’s capacity to secure 85% of its current biodiversity49. Using this objective as reference would imply that humanity’s current biological metabolism would be three times too large. It also makes clear that zero biocapacity deficits are a necessary but not sufficient condition for planetary resource stability. Still, for simplicity, we use the zero biocapacity deficit line as the demarcation line.Currently, the single-largest competing demand on the biosphere is the need for carbon sequestration capacity to neutralize emissions from fossil fuel burning. In 2020, this demand made up 57% of humanity’s ecological footprint. To comply with the Paris Agreement’s stated goal (Article 2 of ref. 30), this portion of the footprint would need to fall rapidly to zero. This reduction may come at the cost of increasing other parts of the ecological footprint. For example, more forest or agricultural products may be used to substitute for fossil fuels. If the Paris Agreement is fully implemented, there will be legal pressure to eliminate the carbon-related part of the deficit. If it is not implemented, the reduction pressures will emerge more slowly, which will increase the likelihood that the biocapacity will become increasingly damaged by climate change. Taking either path forces a country to eliminate its carbon footprint one way or the other. Fossil fuel dependence is therefore turning into an ever-growing risk. The pressure of increased land use has historically been the leading factor in the extinction of biodiversity, but unless nations can effectively control climate change, it will soon predominate as the major factor responsible for the massive extinction event that we humans have already started as a result of our unsustainable consumption—the sixth such event in the history of our planet.Measuring ability to purchase resources from abroadAnnual value production of an economy is measured by its GDP. It can be calculated as the value add of all its produced goods and services, as the sum of all the incomes or as the sum of all expenditures. Therefore, GDP can be used as a measure for a country’s income50,51.The analysis here focuses on the relative purchasing power of countries’ economic actors on global markets. Therefore, we use nominal US$ (or for time series, constant US$) instead of purchasing-power-adjusted US$, which reflect purchasing power on local markets. As economic actors compete for global resources in the same global market, each dollar has approximately the same weight, independent of the dollar’s purchasing power in the actor’s domestic market (called purchasing power parity). While this simplifies the fact that many commodities do not have a single homogeneous global market, the price range for resources in international markets is much narrower than that between domestic markets.For the sake of this analysis, we use average country income. Although incomes within countries vary vastly, we assume that nominal per-capita GDP is a reasonable approximation for national purchasing power in international markets. As a medium of exchange, money gives its owner the option to trade it in for physical assets, including biological resources; hence, more money means access to more resources.Not all international resource transfers are traded on global markets. Purchases could be under the protection of government-to-government arrangements or long-term contracts. The more of the international resource exchanges that occur in global markets, the tighter the competition on the global market for the remaining resources. Such increased competition makes the implications of the analysis presented here even more dramatic.In the context of global ecological overshoot, biocapacity scarcity will increase; therefore, the competition for purchasing additional resources will become even fiercer. In this case, using world-average income as an approximation for the dividing line between those who can net-purchase from abroad and those who cannot is too lenient. This demarcation indicates only that statistically those above the line can net-purchase from abroad. It does not indicate, however, whether they can purchase enough from abroad to cover their biocapacity deficit. This means that even more national economies than those identified by the 72% in this paper are excluded from being able to purchase sufficient resources from abroad. More

1.Danovaro, R., Snelgrove, P. V. R. & Tyler, P. Challenging the paradigms of deep-sea ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 29, 465–475 (2014).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Ebbe, B. et al. In Life in the World’s Oceans: Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance (ed. McIntyre, A. D.) 139–160 (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2010).3.Edgcomb, V. Marine protist associations and environmental impacts across trophic levels in the twilight zone and below. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 31, 169–175 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Bienhold, C., Zinger, L., Boetius, A. & Ramette, A. Diversity and biogeography of bathyal and abyssal seafloor bacteria. PLoS ONE 11, e0148016 (2016).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
5.del Campo, J. & Massana, R. Emerging diversity within chrysophytes, choanoflagellates and bicosoecids based on molecular surveys. Protist 162, 435–448 (2011).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
6.López-García, P., Rodríguez-Valera, F., Pedrós-Alió, C. & Moreira, D. Unexpected diversity of small eukaryotes in deep-sea Antarctic plankton. Nature 409, 603–607 (2001).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Gooday, A. J., Schoenle, A., Dolan, J. R. & Arndt, H. Protist diversity and function in the dark ocean—challenging the paradigms of deep-sea ecology with special emphasis on foraminiferans and naked protists. Eur. J. Protistol. 75, 125721 (2020).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Caron, D. A. et al. Probing the evolution, ecology and physiology of marine protists using transcriptomics. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 15, 6–20 (2017).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
9.Jürgens, K. & Massana, R. In Microbial Ecology of the Oceans (ed. Kirchman, D. L.) 383–441 (Wiley, 2008).10.Moran, M. A. The global ocean microbiome. Science 350, aac8455 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
11.de Vargas, C. et al. Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean. Science 348, 1261605 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
12.Azam, F. et al. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10, 257–263 (1983).Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Patterson, D. J., Nygaard, K., Steinberg, G. & Turley, C. M. Heterotrophic flagellates and other protists associated with oceanic detritus throughout the water column in the mid North Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 73, 67 (1993).Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Worden, A. Z. et al. Rethinking the marine carbon cycle: factoring in the multifarious lifestyles of microbes. Science 347, 1257594 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
15.Arndt, H. et al. In The Flagellates—Unity, Diversity and Evolution (eds. Leadbeater, B. S. & Green, J. C.) 240–268 (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2000).16.Boenigk, J. & Arndt, H. Bacterivory by heterotrophic flagellates: community structure and feeding strategies. Antonie van. Leeuwenhoek 81, 465–480 (2002).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
17.Caron, D. A., Davis, P. G., Madin, L. P. & Sieburth, J. M. Heterotrophic bacteria and bacterivorous protozoa in oceanic macroaggregates. Science 218, 795–797 (1982).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
18.Gooday, A. J. Biological responses to seasonally varying fluxes of organic matter to the ocean floor: a review. J. Oceanogr. 58, 305–332 (2002).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Molari, M., Manini, E. & Dell’Anno, A. Dark inorganic carbon fixation sustains the functioning of benthic deep-sea ecosystems. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 27, 212–221 (2013).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Pasulka, A. et al. SSU-rRNA gene sequencing survey of benthic microbial eukaryotes from Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 66, 637–653 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
21.Stoeck, T., Taylor, G. T. & Epstein, S. S. Novel eukaryotes from the permanently anoxic Cariaco Basin (Caribbean Sea). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 5656–5663 (2003).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Pachiadaki, M. G. et al. In situ grazing experiments apply new technology to gain insights into deep-sea microbial food webs. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 129, 223–231 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Cordier, T., Barrenechea, I., Lejzerowicz, F., Reo, E. & Pawlowski, J. Benthic foraminiferal DNA metabarcodes significantly vary along a gradient from abyssal to hadal depths and between each side of the Kuril-Kamchatka trench. Prog. Oceanogr. 178, 102175 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Pawlowski, J. et al. Eukaryotic richness in the abyss: insights from pyrotag sequencing. PLoS ONE 6, e18169 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Scheckenbach, F., Hausmann, K., Wylezich, C., Weitere, M. & Arndt, H. Large-scale patterns in biodiversity of microbial eukaryotes from the abyssal sea floor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 115–120 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
26.Pernice, M. C. et al. Large variability of bathypelagic microbial eukaryotic communities across the world’s oceans. ISME J. 10, 945–958 (2016).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
27.Schlitzer, R. Ocean Data View (2012). http://odv.awi.de.28.Schoenle, A., Nitsche, F., Werner, J. & Arndt, H. Deep-sea ciliates: recorded diversity and experimental studies on pressure tolerance. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanograp. Res. Pap. 128, 55–66 (2017).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Živaljić, S. et al. A barotolerant ciliate isolated from the abyssal deep sea of the North Atlantic: Euplotes dominicanus sp. n. (Ciliophora, Euplotia). Eur. J. Protistol. 73, 125664 (2020).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
30.Logares, R. et al. Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota. Microbiome 8, 55 (2020).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Mahé, F. et al. Parasites dominate hyperdiverse soil protist communities in Neotropical rainforests. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 0091 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Forster, D. et al. Benthic protists: the under-charted majority. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 92, fiw120 (2016).33.Schoenle, A., Hohlfeld, M., Hermanns, K. & Arndt, H. V9_DeepSea (Deep Sea Reference Database) [Data set]. Commun. Biol., Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4305675 (2021).34.Guillou, L. et al. The Protist Ribosomal Reference database (PR2): a catalog of unicellular eukaryote small sub-unit rRNA sequences with curated taxonomy. Nucl. Acids Res. 41, D597–D604 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Flegontova, O. et al. Extreme diversity of diplonemid eukaryotes in the ocean. Curr. Biol. 26, 3060–3065 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Clopton, R. E., Janovy, J. & Percival, T. J. Host stadium specificity in the gregarine assemblage parasitizing Tenebrio molitor. J. Parasitol. 78, 334–337 (1992).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Leander, B. S. Marine gregarines: evolutionary prelude to the apicomplexan radiation? Trends Parasitol. 24, 60–67 (2008).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
38.del Campo, J. et al. Assessing the diversity and distribution of apicomplexans in host and free-living environments using high-throughput amplicon data and a phylogenetically informed reference framework. Front. Microbiol. 10, 2373 (2019).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Herndl, G. J. & Reinthaler, T. Microbial control of the dark end of the biological pump. Nat. Geosci. 6, 718–724 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Baker, P. et al. Potential contribution of surface-dwelling Sargassum algae to deep-sea ecosystems in the southern North Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 148, 21–34 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Boeuf, D. et al. Biological composition and microbial dynamics of sinking particulate organic matter at abyssal depths in the oligotrophic open ocean. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 11824–11832 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
42.Krause-Jensen, D. & Duarte, C. M. Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nat. Geosci. 9, 737–742 (2016).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
43.Xu, D. et al. Pigmented microbial eukaryotes fuel the deep sea carbon pool in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. Environ. Microbiol. 20, 3811–3824 (2018).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
44.Agusti, S. et al. Ubiquitous healthy diatoms in the deep sea confirm deep carbon injection by the biological pump. Nat. Commun. 6, 7608 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Schoenle, A. et al. Global comparison of bicosoecid Cafeteria-like flagellates from the deep ocean and surface waters, with reorganization of the family Cafeteriaceae. Eur. J. Protistol. 73, 125665 (2020).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
46.Massana, R. et al. Gene expression during bacterivorous growth of a widespread marine heterotrophic flagellate. ISME J. 15, 154–167 (2021).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
47.Živaljić, S. et al. Survival of marine heterotrophic flagellates isolated from the surface and the deep sea at high hydrostatic pressure: literature review and own experiments. Deep Sea Res Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 148, 251–259 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
48.Lecroq, B. et al. Ultra-deep sequencing of foraminiferal microbarcodes unveils hidden richness of early monothalamous lineages in deep-sea sediments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 13177–13182 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
49.Devey, C. W. et al. Habitat characterization of the Vema Fracture Zone and Puerto Rico Trench. Deep Sea Res Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 148, 7–20 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
50.Levin, L. A. & Sibuet, M. Understanding continental margin biodiversity: a new imperative. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 4, 79–112 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Gooday, A. J. In Encyclopedia of Ocean Science (eds. Cochran, J. et al.) 684–705 (Elsevier, 2019).52.Vuillemin, A. et al. Archaea dominate oxic subseafloor communities over multimillion-year time scales. Sci. Adv. 5, eaaw4108 (2019).53.De Corte, D., Paredes, G., Yokokawa, T., Sintes, E. & Herndl, G. J. Differential response of Cafeteria roenbergensis to different bacterial and archaeal prey characteristics. Micro. Ecol. 78, 1–5 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
54.Ballen-Segura, M., Felip, M. & Catalan, J. Some mixotrophic flagellate species selectively graze on Archaea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 83, e02317–16 (2017).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
55.Schoenle, A. et al. Methodological studies on estimates of abundance and diversity of heterotrophic flagellates from the deep-sea floor. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 4, 22 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
56.Schoenle, A. et al. New phagotrophic euglenids from deep sea and surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean (Keelungia nitschei, Petalomonas acorensis, Ploeotia costaversata). Eur. J. Protistol. 69, 102–116 (2019).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
57.Danovaro, R. Methods for the Study of Deep-sea Sediments, their Functioning and Biodiversity (ed. Danovaro, R.) 181–196 (CRC Press, 2010).58.Amaral-Zettler, L. A., McCliment, E. A., Ducklow, H. W. & Huse, S. M. A method for studying protistan diversity using massively parallel sequencing of V9 hypervariable regions of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes. PLoS ONE 4, e6372 (2009).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
59.Butler, H. & Rogerson, A. Temporal and spatial abundance of naked amoebae (gymnamoebae) in marine benthic sediments of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 42, 724–730 (1995).Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Goryatcheva, N. V. The cultivation of colourless marine flagellate Bodo marina. Biol. Inland Waters Bull. 11, 25–28 (1971).
Google Scholar 
61.Medlin, L., Elwood, H. J., Stickel, S. & Sogin, M. L. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene 71, 491–499 (1988).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
62.Van der Auwera, G., Chapelle, S. & De Wächter, R. Structure of the large ribosomal subunit RNA of Phytophthora megasperma, and phylogeny of the oomycetes. FEBS Lett. 338, 133–136 (1994).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
63.Hillis, D. M., Dixon, M. T. & Ribosomal, D. N. A. Molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q. Rev. Biol. 66, 411–453 (1991).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
64.Martin, M. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet 17, 10–12 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
65.Rognes, T., Flouri, T., Nichols, B., Quince, C. & Mahé, F. VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics. PeerJ 4, e2584 (2016).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
66.Mahé, F., Rognes, T., Quince, C., de Vargas, C. & Dunthorn, M. Swarm v2: highly-scalable and high-resolution amplicon clustering. PeerJ 3, e1420 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
67.Mahé, F. Stampa: sequence taxonomic assigment by massive pairwise aligments. https://github.com/frederic-mahe/stampa (2018).68.Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (Springer, 2009).69.Vavrek, M. J. Fossil: palaeoecological and palaeogeographical analysis tools. Palaeontol. Electron. 14, 1T (2011).
Google Scholar 
70.Colwell, R. K. et al. Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages. J. Plant Ecol. 5, 3–21 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
71.Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. The R Project for Statistical Computing. https://cran.r-project.org, https://github.com/vegandevs/vegan (2019).72.Hennig, C. fpc: Flexible Procedures for Clustering. The R Project for Statistical Computing. https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/christian.hennig/en/ (2019).73.Chen, H. VennDiagram: Generate High-Resolution Venn and Euler Plots. The R Project for Statistical Computing. https://rdrr.io/cran/VennDiagram/ (2018).74.Ritchie, M. E. et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, e47 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
75.Kolde, R. pheatmap: Pretty Heatmaps. The R Project for Statistical Computing. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pheatmap (2019).76.Archibald, J. M., Simpson, A. G. B. & Slamovits, C. H. Handbook of the Protists. (eds. Archibald, J. M. et al.) 1–1657 (Springer, 2017).77.Okamura, T. & Kondo, R. Suigetsumonas clinomigrationis gen. et sp. nov., a novel facultative anaerobic nanoflagellate isolated from the meromictic Lake Suigetsu, Japan. Protist 166, 409–421 (2015).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
78.Rybarski, A. et al. Revision of the phylogeny of Placididea (Stramenopiles): molecular and morphological diversity of novel placidid protists from extreme aquatic environments. Eur. J. Protistol.(in press).79.Scheckenbach, F., Wylezich, C., Weitere, M., Hausmann, K. & Arndt, H. Molecular identity of strains of heterotrophic flagellates isolated from surface waters and deep-sea sediments of the South Atlantic based on SSU rDNA. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 38, 239–247 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
80.Park, J. S. & Simpson, A. G. B. Characterization of halotolerant Bicosoecida and Placididea (Stramenopila) that are distinct from marine forms, and the phylogenetic pattern of salinity preference in heterotrophic stramenopiles: novel halotolerant heterotrophic stramenopiles. Environ. Microbiol. 12, 1173–1184 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
81.Moriya, M., Nakayama, T. & Inouye, I. Ultrastructure and 18S rDNA sequence analysis of Wobblia lunata gen. et sp. nov., a new heterotrophic flagellate (Stramenopiles, Incertae Sedis). Protist 151, 41–55 (2000).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
82.Živaljić, S. et al. Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the behaviour of three ciliate species isolated from the deep sea. Mar. Biol. 167, 63 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar  More

1.Cardoso, P., Erwin, T. L., Borges, P. A. V. & New, T. R. The seven impediments in invertebrate conservation and how to overcome them. Biol. Conserv. 144, 2647–2655 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Lydeard, C. et al. The global decline of nonmarine mollusks. Bioscience 54, 321–330 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Régnier, C. et al. Mass extinction in poorly known taxa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 7761–7766 (2015).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
4.Cuttelod, A., Seddon, M. & Neubert, E. European Red List of Non-Marine Molluscs (2011).5.Aubry, S., Labaune, C., Magnin, F., Roche, P. & Kiss, L. Active and passive dispersal of an invading land snail in Mediterranean France. J. Anim. Ecol. 75, 802–813 (2006).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
6.Guiller, A. & Madec, L. Historical biogeography of the land snail Cornu aspersum: A new scenario inferred from haplotype distribution in the Western Mediterranean basin. BMC Evol. Biol. 10, 18 (2010).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
7.Ochman, H., Jonest, J. S. & Selander, R. K. Molecular area effects in Cepaea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 4189–4193 (1983).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
8.Chueca, L. J., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Madeira, M. J. & Pfenninger, M. Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 118, 357–368 (2018).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
9.Moreira, F., Calado, G. & Dias, S. Conservation status of a recently described endemic land snail, Candidula coudensis, from the Iberian peninsula. PLoS ONE 10, e0138464 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
10.Sauer, J. & Hausdorf, B. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the radiation of the land snail genus Xerocrassa on Crete based on mitochondrial sequences and AFLP markers. BMC Evol. Biol. 10, 299 (2010).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
11.Davison, A. Land snails as a model to understand the role of history and selection in the origins of biodiversity. Popul. Ecol. 44, 129–136 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Pfenninger, M., Posada, D. & Shaw, K. Phylogeographic history of the land snail Candidula unifasciata (Helicellinae, Stylommatophora): Fragmentation, corridor migration, and secondary contact. Evolution (N. Y). 56, 1776–1788 (2002).13.Madeira, P. M. et al. High unexpected genetic diversity of a narrow endemic terrestrial mollusc. PeerJ 2017, e3069 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Sauer, J., Oldeland, J. & Hausdorf, B. Continuing fragmentation of a widespread species by geographical barriers as initial step in a land snail radiation on Crete. PLoS ONE 8, e62569 (2013).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Haig, S. M. Molecular contributions to conservation. Ecology 79, 413–425 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Ezzine, I. K., Pfarrer, B., Dimassi, N., Said, K. & Neubert, E. At home at least: The taxonomic position of some North African Xerocrassa species (Pulmonata, Geomitridae). Zookeys 712, 1–27 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Bank, R. A. & Neubert, E. Checklist of the Land and Freshwater Gastropoda of Europe. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=279050 (2017).18.Chueca, L. J., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Forés, M. & Madeira, M. J. Biogeography and radiation of the land snail genus Xerocrassa (Geomitridae) in the Balearic Islands. J. Biogeogr. 44, 760–772 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Martínez-Ortí, A. Xerocrassa montserratensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species e.T22254A9368348. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T22254A9368348.en (2011).20.Martínez-Ortí, A. & Bros, V. Taxonomic clarification of three taxa of Iberian geomitrids, Helix montserratensis Hidalgo, 1870 and subspecies (Gastropoda, Pulmonata), based on morpho–anatomical data. Anim. Biodivers. Conserv. 40, 247–267 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
21.Bros, V. Composició de la comunitat de mol· luscs de les codines en el Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac, i l’impacte del trepig i l’erosió en el Montcau. In VII Monografies de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac 43–52 (2011).22.Santos, X., Bros, V. & Ros, E. Contrasting responses of two xerophilous land snails to fire and natural reforestation. Contrib. Zool. 81, 167–180 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Hidalgo, J. G. Description de trois espèces nouvelles d’Helix d’Espagne. J. Conchyliol. 18, 298–299 (1870).
Google Scholar 
24.Bofill, A. Catálogo de los moluscos testáceos terrestres del llano de Barcelona. Crónica Científ. 3, 1–24 (1879).
Google Scholar 
25.Bofill, A. La Helix montserratensis. Su origen y su distribución en el tiempo y en el espacio. Mem. Real Acad. Cienc. Artes Barcelona 2, 331–343 (1898).26.Altimira, C. Notas malacológicas. Contribución al conocimiento de la fauna malacológica terrestre y de agua dulce de Cataluña. Misc. Zool. 3, 7–10 (1971).27.Van Riel, P. et al. Molecular systematics of the endemic Leptaxini (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) on the Azores islands. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 37, 132–143 (2005).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
28.Kruckenhauser, L. et al. Paraphyly and budding speciation in the hairy snail (Pulmonata, Hygromiidae). Zool. Scr. 43, 273–288 (2014).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Dempsey, Z. W., Goater, C. P. & Burg, T. M. Living on the edge: Comparative phylogeography and phylogenetics of Oreohelix land snails at their range edge in Western Canada. BMC Evol. Biol. 20, 3 (2020).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Ursenbacher, S., Alvarez, C., Armbruster, G. F. J. & Baur, B. High population differentiation in the rock-dwelling land snail (Trochulus caelatus) endemic to the Swiss Jura Mountains. Conserv. Genet. 11, 1265–1271 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Jesse, R., Véla, E. & Pfenninger, M. Phylogeography of a land snail suggests trans-Mediterranean Neolithic transport. PLoS ONE 6, e20734 (2011).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Hausdorf, B. Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): vicariance events and long-distance dispersal. J. Biogeogr. 27, 379–390 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
33.Neiber, M. T., Sagorny, C., Sauer, J., Walther, F. & Hausdorf, B. Phylogeographic analyses reveal Transpontic long distance dispersal in land snails belonging to the Caucasotachea atrolabiata complex (Gastropoda: Helicidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 103, 172–183 (2016).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
34.Simonová, J., Simon, O. P., Kapic, Š, Nehasil, L. & Horsák, M. Medium-sized forest snails survive passage through birds’ digestive tract and adhere strongly to birds’ legs: More evidence for passive dispersal mechanisms. J. Molluscan Stud. 82, 422–426 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Watanabe, Y. & Chiba, S. High within-population mitochondrial DNA variation due to microvicariance and population mixing in the land snail Euhadra quaesita (Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae). Mol. Ecol. 10, 2635–2645 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
36.Nägele, K.-L. & Hausdorf, B. Comparative phylogeography of land snail species in mountain refugia in the European Southern Alps. J. Biogeogr. 42, 821–832 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Shakun, J. D., Lea, D. W., Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. An 800-kyr record of global surface ocean δ18O and implications for ice volume-temperature coupling. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 426, 58–68 (2015).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ 18O records. Paleoceanography 20, 1–17 (2005).
Google Scholar 
39.Santos, X., Bros, V. & Miño, À. Recolonization of a burned Mediterranean area by terrestrial gastropods. Biodivers. Conserv. 18, 3153–3165 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Bishop, P. Drainage rearrangement by river capture, beheading and diversion. Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ. 19, 449–473 (1995).Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Castelltort, F. X., Balasch, J. C., Cirés, J. & Colombo, F. Consecuencias de la migración lateral de una cuenca de drenaje (Homoclinal shifting) en la formación de la cuenca erosiva de la Plana de Vic. NE de la Cuenca del Ebro. Geogaceta 61, 55–58 (2017).42.Irwin, D. E. Phylogeographic breaks without geographic barriers to gene flow. Evolution (N. Y). 56, 2383–2394 (2002).43.Falniowski, A. et al. Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: Another case of morphostatic speciation. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 190, 483–507 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
44.Proćków, M., Strzała, T., Kuźnik-Kowalska, E., Proćków, J. & Mackiewicz, P. Ongoing speciation and gene flow between taxonomically challenging Trochulus species complex (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). PLoS ONE 12, e0170460 (2017).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
45.Fiorentino, V., Manganelli, G., Giusti, F., Tiedemann, R. & Ketmaier, V. A question of time: The land snail Murella muralis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) reveals constraints on past ecological speciation. Mol. Ecol. 22, 170–186 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
46.Bamberger, S. et al. Genome‐wide nuclear data confirm two species in the Alpine endemic land snail Noricella oreinos s.l. (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 00, 1–23 (2020).47.Torrado, H., Carreras, C., Raventos, N., Macpherson, E. & Pascual, M. Individual-based population genomics reveal different drivers of adaptation in sympatric fish. Sci. Rep. 10, 12683 (2020).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
48.Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 3, 294–299 (1994).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
49.Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35, 1547–1549 (2018).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
50.Rozas, J. et al. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 34, 3299–3302 (2017).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
51.Alexander, A. et al. What influences the worldwide genetic structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)?. Mol. Ecol. 25, 2754–2772 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
52.Petit, R. J., El Mousadik, A. & Pons, O. Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers. Conserv. Biol. 12, 844–855 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Excoffier, L. & Lischer, H. E. L. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 10, 564–567 (2010).54.Narum, S. R. Beyond Bonferroni: Less conservative analyses for conservation genetics. Conserv. Genet. 7, 783–787 (2006).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
55.Peakall, R. & Smouse, P. E. GenAlEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research—An update. Bioinformatics 28, 2537–2539 (2012).56.Miller, M. P. Alleles in space (AIS): Computer software for the joint analysis of interindividual spatial and genetic information. J. Hered. 96, 722–724 (2005).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
57.Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst. Biol. 52, 696–704 (2003).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
58.Ronquist, F. et al. MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61, 539–542 (2012).59.Suchard, M. A. et al. Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. Virus Evol. 4, vey016 (2018).60.Xia, X. DAMBE7: New and improved tools for data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35, 1550–1552 (2018).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
61.Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. A. Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Syst. Biol. 67, 901–904 (2018). More

1.IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. (2014).2.Pinsky, M. L., Selden, R. L. & Kitchel, Z. J. Climate-driven shifts in marine species ranges: Scaling from organisms to communities. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 12, 153–179 (2020).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Poloczanska, E. S. et al. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nat. Clim. Change 3(10), 919–925 (2013).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Edwards, M. & Richardson, A. J. Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch. Nature 430(7002), 881–884 (2004).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Weatherdon, L. V., Magnan, A. K., Rogers, A. D., Sumaila, U. R. & Cheung, W. W. Observed and projected impacts of climate change on marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism, and human health: an update. Front. Mar. Sci. 3, 48 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
6.Mawdsley, J. R., O’Malley, R. & Ojima, D. S. A review of climate-change adaptation strategies for wildlife management and biodiversity conservation. Conserv. Biol. 23(5), 1080–1089 (2009).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Cañadas, A. & Hammond, P. S. Abundance and habitat preferences of the short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis in the southwestern Mediterranean: Implications for conservation. Endanger. Species Res. 4(3), 309–331 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Franco, A. M., Catry, I., Sutherland, W. J. & Palmeirim, J. M. Do different habitat preference survey methods produce the same conservation recommendations for lesser kestrels?. Anim. Conserv. 7(3), 291–300 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Spotila, J. R., Reina, R. D., Steyermark, A. C., Plotkin, P. T. & Paladino, F. V. Pacific leatherback turtles face extinction. Nature 405(6786), 529–530 (2000).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
10.Wallace, B. P. et al. Impacts of fisheries bycatch on marine turtle populations worldwide: Toward conservation and research priorities. Ecosphere 4(3), 1–49 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
11.Dunn, D. C., Boustany, A. M. & Halpin, P. N. Spatio-temporal management of fisheries to reduce by-catch and increase fishing selectivity. Fish Fish. 12(1), 110–119 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Senko, J., White, E. R., Heppell, S. S. & Gerber, L. R. Comparing bycatch mitigation strategies for vulnerable marine megafauna. Anim. Conserv. 17(1), 5–18 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Howell, E. A., Kobayashi, D. R., Parker, D. M., Balazs, G. H. & Polovina, J. J. TurtleWatch: A tool to aid in the bycatch reduction of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. Endanger. Species Res. 5(2–3), 267–278 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Swimmer, Y. et al. Sea turtle bycatch mitigation in US longline fisheries. Front. Mar. Sci. 4, 260 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Saba, V. S., Stock, C. A., Spotila, J. R., Paladino, F. V. & Tomillo, P. S. Projected response of an endangered marine turtle population to climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 2(11), 814–820 (2012).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Santidrián Tomillo, P. et al. Global analysis of the effect of local climate on the hatchling output of leatherback turtles. Sci. Rep. 5, 16789 (2015).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
17.Patel, S. H. et al. Climate impacts on sea turtle breeding phenology in Greece and associated foraging habitats in the wider Mediterranean region. PLoS ONE 11(6), e0157170 (2016).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
18.Shoop, C. R. & Kenney, R. D. Seasonal distributions and abundances of loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles in waters of the northeastern United States. Herpetol. Monogr. 6, 43–67 (1992).Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Coles, W. & Musick, J. A. Satellite sea surface temperature analysis and correlation with sea turtle distribution off North Carolina. Copeia 2000(2), 551–554 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Kleisner, K. M. et al. Marine species distribution shifts on the US Northeast Continental Shelf under continued ocean warming. Prog. Oceanogr. 153, 24–36 (2017).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
21.Tyberghein, L. et al. Bio-ORACLE: A global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 21(2), 272–281 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Stoneburner, D. L. Satellite telemetry of loggerhead sea turtle movement in the Georgia Bight. Copeia 1982, 400–408 (1982).Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Hart, K. M. & Hyrenbach, K. D. Satellite telemetry of marine megavertebrates: The coming of age of an experimental science. Endanger. Species Res. 10, 9–20 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Hebblewhite, M. & Haydon, D. T. Distinguishing technology from biology: A critical review of the use of GPS telemetry data in ecology. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 365(1550), 2303–2312 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Hays, G. C. & Hawkes, L. A. Satellite tracking sea turtles: Opportunities and challenges to address key questions. Front. Mar. Sci. 5, 432 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Hawkes, L. A., Broderick, A. C., Coyne, M. S., Godfrey, M. H. & Godley, B. J. Only some like it hot—Quantifying the environmental niche of the loggerhead sea turtle. Divers. Distrib. 13(4), 447–457 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Hazen, E. L. et al. Predicted habitat shifts of Pacific top predators in a changing climate. Nat. Clim. Chang. 3(3), 234–238 (2013).ADS 
MathSciNet 
Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Roe, J. H. et al. Predicting bycatch hotspots for endangered leatherback turtles on longlines in the Pacific Ocean. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 281(1777), 20132559 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Winton, M. V. et al. Estimating the distribution and relative density of satellite-tagged loggerhead sea turtles using geostatistical mixed effects models. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 586, 217–232 (2018).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Araújo, M. B. & Townsend, P. A. Uses and misuses of bioclimatic envelope modeling. Ecology 93(7), 1527–1539 (2012).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Gilman P, et al. National offshore wind strategy: facilitating the development of the offshore wind industry in the United States. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States) (2016).32.Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) and Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC). Preliminary summer 2010 regional abundance estimate of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in northwestern Atlantic Ocean continental shelf waters. US Dept Commer, Northeast Fish Sci Cent Ref Doc. 11–03; 33 p (2011).33.Ceriani, S. A., Weishampel, J. F., Ehrhart, L. M., Mansfield, K. L. & Wunder, M. B. Foraging and recruitment hotspot dynamics for the largest Atlantic loggerhead turtle rookery. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1–3 (2017).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Fofonoff, N. P. The Gulf Stream. In Evolution of Physical Oceanography: Scientific Surveys in Honor of Henry Stommel (eds. Warren, B. A., & Wunsch, C.) 112–139 (MIT Press, 1981) Cambridge, MA.35.Patel, S. H., Miller, S. & Smolowitz, R. J. Understanding impacts of the sea scallop fishery on loggerhead sea turtles through satellite tagging. Final report for 2015 Sea Scallop Research Set-Aside (RSA). NOAA grant: NA15 NMF 4540055. Coonamessett Farm Foundation, East Falmouth, MA (2016).36.Patel, S. H. et al. Loggerhead turtles are good ocean-observers in stratified mid-latitude regions. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 213, 128–136 (2018).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Crowe, L. M., Hatch, J. M., Patel, S. H., Smolowitz, R. J. & Haas, H. L. Riders on the storm: loggerhead sea turtles detect and respond to a major hurricane in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Mov. Ecol. 8(1), 1–3 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Kristensen, K., Nielsen, A., Berg, C. W., Skaug, H. & Bell, B. M. TMB: Automatic differentiation and Laplace approximation. J. Stat. Softw. 70(5), 1–21 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
39.R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2017).40.Johnson, D. S., London, J. M., Lea, M.-A. & Durban, J. W. Continuous-time correlated random walk model for animal telemetry data. Ecology 89(5), 1208–1215 (2008).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Albertsen, C. M., Whoriskey, K., Yurkowski, D., Nielsen, A. & Flemming, J. M. Fast fitting of non-Gaussian state-space models to animal movement data via Template Model Builder. Ecology 96(10), 2598–2604 (2015).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Bivand, R. & Piras, G. Comparing implementations of estimation methods for spatial econometrics. American Statistical Association (2015).43.Turtle Expert Working Group (TEWG). An assessment of the loggerhead turtle population in the western North Atlantic Ocean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFSC. 575(131), 744 (2009).
Google Scholar 
44.Clay, P. M. Management regions, statistical areas and fishing grounds: Criteria for dividing up the sea. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 19, 103–126 (1996).Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Murray, K. T. & Orphanides, C. D. Estimating the risk of loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta bycatch in the US mid-Atlantic using fishery-independent and-dependent data. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 477, 259–270 (2013).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Saba, V. S. et al. Enhanced warming of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean under climate. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 121(1), 118–132 (2016).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Amante, C. & Eakins, B. W. ETOPO1 arc-minute global relief model: procedures, data sources and analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24 (2009).48.Reynolds, R. W. & Smith, T. M. Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Clim. 7(6), 929–948 (1994).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
49.Chamberlain, S. rerddap – General purpose client for ‘ERDDAP’ servers. R Package (2016).50.Akaike, H. Maximum likelihood identification of Gaussian autoregressive moving average models. Biometrika 60(2), 255–265 (1973).MathSciNet 
MATH 
Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Maunder, M. N. & Punt, A. E. Standardizing catch and effort data: a review of recent approaches. Fish. Res. 70(2–3), 141–159 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Zuur, A., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N., Saveliev, A. A. & Smith, G. M. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R (Springer, 2009).MATH 
Book 

Google Scholar 
53.Benjamin, M. A., Rigby, R. A. & Stasinopoulos, D. M. Generalized autoregressive moving average models. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 98(461), 214–223 (2003).MathSciNet 
MATH 
Article 

Google Scholar 
54.Wickham, H. et al. Welcome to the Tidyverse. J. Open Source Softw. 4(43), 1686 (2019).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
55.Tanaka, K. R., Torre, M. P., Saba, V. S., Stock, C. A. & Chen, Y. An ensemble high‐resolution projection of changes in the future habitat of American lobster and sea scallop in the Northeast US continental shelf. Diversity and Distributions (2020).56.McHenry, J., Welch, H., Lester, S. E. & Saba, V. Projecting marine species range shifts from only temperature can mask climate vulnerability. Glob. Change Biol. 25(12), 4208–4221 (2019).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Selden, R. L., Batt, R. D., Saba, V. S. & Pinsky, M. L. Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator–prey interactions. Glob. Change Biol. 24(1), 117–131 (2018).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
58.Griffin, D. B. et al. Foraging habitats and migration corridors utilized by a recovering subpopulation of adult female loggerhead sea turtles: Implications for conservation. Mar. Biol. 160(12), 3071–3086 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
59.Unal I. Defining an optimal cut-point value in ROC analysis: an alternative approach. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine (2017).60.Sing, T., Sander, O., Beerenwinkel, N. & Lengauer, T. ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R. Bioinformatics 21(20), 7881 (2005).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
61.Link, J. et al. The Northeast US continental shelf Energy Modeling and Analysis exercise (EMAX): Ecological network model development and basic ecosystem metrics. J. Mar. Syst. 74(1–2), 453–474 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
62.Bane, J. M. Jr., Brown, O. B., Evans, R. H. & Hamilton, P. Gulf Stream remote forcing of shelfbreak currents in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15(5), 405–407 (1988).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
63.Hawkes, L. A. et al. Home on the range: spatial ecology of loggerhead turtles in Atlantic waters of the USA. Divers. Distrib. 17(4), 624–640 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
64.Mansfield, K. L., Saba, V. S., Keinath, J. A. & Musick, J. A. Satellite tracking reveals a dichotomy in migration strategies among juvenile loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Atlantic. Mar. Biol. 156(12), 2555–2570 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
65.Lentz, S. J. Seasonal warming of the Middle Atlantic Bight Cold Pool. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 122(2), 941–954 (2017).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
66.Iverson, A. R., Fujisaki, I., Lamont, M. M. & Hart, K. M. Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) diving changes with productivity, behavioral mode, and sea surface temperature. PLoS ONE 14(8), e0220372 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
67.Braun-McNeill, J., Sasso, C. R., Epperly, S. P. & Rivero, C. Feasibility of using sea surface temperature imagery to mitigate cheloniid sea turtle–fishery interactions off the coast of northeastern USA. Endanger. Species Res. 5(2–3), 257–266 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
68.Murray, K. T. Characteristics and magnitude of sea turtle bycatch in US mid-Atlantic gillnet gear. Endanger. Species Res. 8(3), 211–224 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
69.Murray, K. T. Interactions between sea turtles and dredge gear in the US sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery, 2001–2008. Fish. Res. 107(1–3), 137–146 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
70.Witt, M. J., Hawkes, L. A., Godfrey, M. H., Godley, B. J. & Broderick, A. C. Predicting the impacts of climate change on a globally distributed species: The case of the loggerhead turtle. J. Exp. Biol. 213(6), 901–911 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
71.Alerstam, T., Hedenström, A. & Åkesson, S. Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants. Oikos 103(2), 247–260 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
72.Saunders, M. A. & Lea, A. S. Large contribution of sea surface warming to recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity. Nature 451(7178), 557–560 (2008).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
73.McClellan, C. M. & Read, A. J. Complexity and variation in loggerhead sea turtle life history. Biol. Lett. 3(6), 592–594 (2007).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
74.McClellan, C. M., Braun-McNeill, J., Avens, L., Wallace, B. P. & Read, A. J. Stable isotopes confirm a foraging dichotomy in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 387(1–2), 44–51 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
75.Hatase, H. et al. Size-related differences in feeding habitat use of adult female loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta around Japan determined by stable isotope analyses and satellite telemetry. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 233, 273–281 (2002).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
76.Hatase, H., Omuta, K. & Tsukamoto, K. Bottom or midwater: Alternative foraging behaviours in adult female loggerhead sea turtles. J. Zool. 273(1), 46–55 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
77.Hawkes, L. A. et al. Phenotypically linked dichotomy in sea turtle foraging requires multiple conservation approaches. Curr. Biol. 16(10), 990–995 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
78.Reich, K. J. et al. Polymodal foraging in adult female loggerheads (Caretta caretta). Mar. Biol. 157(1), 113–121 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
79.Smolowitz, R. J., Patel, S. H., Haas, H. L. & Miller, S. A. Using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to observe loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) behavior on foraging grounds off the mid-Atlantic United States. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 471, 84–91 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
80.Patel, S. H., Dodge, K. L., Haas, H. L. & Smolowitz, R. J. Videography reveals in-water behavior of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) at a foraging ground. Front. Mar. Sci. 3, 254 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
81.James, M. C., Andrea Ottensmeyer, C. & Myers, R. A. Identification of high-use habitat and threats to leatherback sea turtles in northern waters: new directions for conservation. Ecol. Lett. 8(2), 195–201 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
82.Dodge, K. L., Galuardi, B., Miller, T. J. & Lutcavage, M. E. Leatherback turtle movements, dive behavior, and habitat characteristics in ecoregions of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. PLoS ONE 9(3), e91726 (2014).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
83.Smolowitz, R., Milliken, H. O. & Weeks, M. Design, evolution, and assessment of a sea turtle deflector dredge for the US Northwest Atlantic Sea scallop fishery: Impacts on fish bycatch. North Am. J. Fish. Manag. 32(1), 65–76 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
84.Hart, D. R. & Chute, A. S. Essential fish habitat source document: Sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, life history and habitat characteristics. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS NE 189, 21 (2004).
Google Scholar 
85.Rheuban, J. E., Doney, S. C., Cooley, S. R. & Hart, D. R. Projected impacts of future climate change, ocean acidification, and management on the US Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery. PLoS ONE 13(9), e0203536 (2018).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
86.Framework Adjustment 23 to the Scallop Fisheries Management Plan. NOAA-NMFS-2011-0255 (2012).87.Murray, K. T. Estimated magnitude of sea turtle interactions and mortality in US Bottom Trawl Gear, 2014–2018 (2020).88.Houghton, J. D., Doyle, T. K., Wilson, M. W., Davenport, J. & Hays, G. C. Jellyfish aggregations and leatherback turtle foraging patterns in a temperate coastal environment. Ecology 87(8), 1967–1972 (2006).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
89.Nelson, D. A. Life history and environmental requirements of loggerhead turtles. Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior (1988). More

1.Benelli, G. Green synthesized nanoparticles in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases and cancer—a brief review. Enzyme Microbial Technol 95, 58–68 (2016).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Dash, A. P., Valecha, N. & Anvikar, A. R. Malaria in India: challenges and opportunities. J. Biosci 33(4), 583–928 (2008).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.World Malaria Report: Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed 18th July 2017.4.Olotu, A. et al. Seven-year efficacy of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine among young African children. N. Engl. J. Med 374, 2519–2529 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Solomona, S., Plattnerb, G. K., Knuttic, R. & Friedlingsteind, P. Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 1704–1709 (2009).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
6.Shaalan, E. A. S., Canyonb, D., Younesc, M. W. F., Abdel-Wahaba, H. & Mansoura, A. H. A review of botanical phytochemicals with mosquitocidal potential. Environ. Int. 3, 1149–1166 (2005).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
7.Sundukov, Y. N. First record of the ground beetle Trechoblemus postilenatus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Primorskii krai. Far East Entomol. 165, 16 (2006).
Google Scholar 
8.Soni, N. & Prakash, S. Green nanoparticles for mosquito control. Sci. World J. 214, 1–6 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Abinaya, M. et al. Structural characterization of Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 exopolysaccharide antimicrobial potential and larvicidal activity on malaria and Zika virus mosquito vectors. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res 25, 5 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
10.Shawkey, A. M., Rabeh, M. A., Abdulall, A. K. & Abdellatif, A. O. Green nanotechnology: anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles using Citrullus colocynthis aqueous extracts. Adv. Life Sci. Technol. 13, 60–70 (2013).
Google Scholar 
11.Thomas, S., Ravishankaran, S. & Johnson Amala Justin, N. A. Resting and feeding preferences of Anopheles stephensi in an urban setting, perennial for malaria. Malar. J. 16(11), 1–7 (2017).
Google Scholar 
12.Murugan, K. et al. Sargassum wightii-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles reduce the fitness and reproduction of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 101, 202–213 (2018).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Kalimuthu, K., Panneerselvam, C., Murugan, K. & Hwang, J. S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cadaba indica Lam leaf extract and its larvicidal and pupicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. J. Entomol. Acarol. Res. 45(2), e11 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Patra, A., Raja, A. S. M. & Shah, N. Current developments in (Malaria) mosquito protective methods: a review paper. Int. J. Mosquito Res. 6(1), 38–45 (2019).
Google Scholar 
15.Wahab, R., Ahmad, J. & Ahmad, N. Application of multi-dimensional (0D, 1D, 2D) nanostructures for the cytological evaluation of cancer cells and their bacterial response. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 583, 123953 (2019).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Bhadra, J., Alkareem, A. & Al-Thani, N. A review of advances in the preparation and application of polyaniline based thermoset blends and composites. J. Polym. Res. 27(5), 1–20 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
17.Jaganathana, A. et al. (+16), Earthworm-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a potent toolagainst hepatocellular carcinoma, Plasmodium falciparum parasites and malaria mosquitoes. Parasitol. Int. 65(2016), 276–284 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
18.Abdelkhalek, A. & Al-Askar, A. A. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles mediated by Mentha spicata extract induce plant systemic resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus. Appl. Sci. 10, 15 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
19.Ishwarya, R. et al. Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ulva lactuca seaweed extract and evaluation of their photocatalytic, antibiofilm and insecticidal activity. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2018(178), 249–258 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
20.Murugan, K. et al. Nano-insecticides for the control of human and crop pests. In Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics. Entomology in Focus (eds Raman, C. et al.) 229–251 (Springer, 2016).
Google Scholar 
21.Bauer, A. W., Kirby, W. M., Sherris, J. C. & Turck, M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45(4), 493–496 (1966).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Anitha, J. et al. Earthworm-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a potent tool against hepatocellular carcinoma, Plasmodium falciparum parasites and malaria mosquitoes. Parasitol. Int. 65, 276–284 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
23.Wahab, R., Khan, F. & Al-Khedhairy, A. A. Hematite iron oxide nanoparticles: apoptosis of myoblast cancer cells and their arithmetical assessment. RSC Adv. 8(44), 24750–24759 (2018).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Ashley, E. A. et al. Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 411–423 (2014).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
25.Rajan, R., Chandran, K., Harper, S. L., Yun, S. I. & Kalaichelvan, P. T. Plant extract synthesized nanoparticles: an ongoing source of novel biocompatible materials. Ind. Crop Prod. 70, 356–373 (2015).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Suresh, U. et al. Tackling the growing threat of dengue: Phyllanthus niruri-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their mosquitocidal properties against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 114, 1551–1562 (2015).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Natarajan, K., Selvaraj, S. & Murty, V. R. Microbial production of silver nanoparticle. Digest J. Nanomat. Biostruct. 5, 135–140 (2010).
Google Scholar 
28.Song, Y. J., Jang, H. K. & Kim, S. B. Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus and Diopyros kaki leaf extract. Process Biochem. 44, 1133–1138 (2009).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Krishnan, R. & Maru, G. B. Isolation and analysis of polymeric polyphenol fractions from black tea. Food Chem. 94, 331–340 (2006).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Shankar, S., Rai, A., Ahmad, A. & Sastry, M. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag and bimetallic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275, 496–550 (2004).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
31.Chandran, S. P., Chaudhary, M., Pasricha, R., Ahmad, A. & Sastry, M. Synthesis of gold nanotriangles and silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract. Biotechnol. Prog. 22, 577–583 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Benelli, G. Plant-synthesized nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool against mosquito vectors? In Nanoparticles in the Fight Against Parasites Parasitology Research Monographs (ed. Mehlhorn, H.) 155–172 (Springer, 2015).
Google Scholar 
33.Sadraei, R. A simple method for preparation of nano-sized ZnO. Res. Rev. J. Chem. 5(2), 45–49 (2016).CAS 

Google Scholar 
34.Priyadarshini, K. A. et al. Biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Euphorbia hirta against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 111(3), 997–1006 (2012).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Satheeshkumar, K. & Kathireswari, P. Biological synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPS) by Lawsonia inermis (Henna) plant aqueous extract and its antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 5, 926–937 (2016).
Google Scholar 
36.Nareshkumar, G. et al. Electron channeling contrast imaging for III-nitride thin film structures. Mat. Sci. Semicon. Proc. 2016(47), 44–50 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
37.Gandhi, S. & Madhusudhan, N. Retrieval of exoplanet emission spectra with HyDRA. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 47, 1–20 (2017).
Google Scholar 
38.Murugan, K. et al. Mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis (Cassiae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) from Maruthamalai hills against Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol. Res. 114, 3657–3664 (2015).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Dinesh, D. et al. Mosquitocidal and antibacterial activity of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera extracts: towards an effective tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi?. Parasitol. Res. 114, 1519–1529 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
40.Pati, F. et al. Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink. Nat. Commun. 5, 3935 (2014).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Baxter, J. B. & Aydil, E. S. Nanowire based dye sensitized solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 53114 (2005).ADS 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
42.Reddy, K. M. et al. Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(21), 213902–213903 (2007).ADS 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
43.Chwalibog, A. et al. Visualization of interaction between inorganic nano-particles and bacteria or fungi. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2010(5), 1085–1094 (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
44.Saha, S., Dhanasekaran, D., Chandraleka, S. & Panneerselvam, C. A Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of cobalt metal complex against multi drug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogen Facta universitatis series. Phys. Chem. Technol. 7(1), 73–80 (2009).CAS 

Google Scholar 
45.Vivek, M., Kumar, P. S., Steffi, S. & Sudha, S. Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Gelidiella acerosa extract and their antifungal effects Avicenna. J. Med. Biotechnol. 3(3), 143 (2011).CAS 

Google Scholar 
46.Chobu, M., Nkwengulila, G., Mahande, A. M., Mwangonde, B. J. & Kweka, E. J. Direct and indirect effect of predators on Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Acta Trop. 142, 131–137 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
47.Murugan, K. et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: mosquitocidal potential and anticancer activity on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Parasitol. Res. 115, 1085–1096 (2016).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
48.Subramaniam, J. et al. Eco-friendly control of malaria and arbovirus vectors using the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and ultra-low dosages of Mimusops elengi-synthesized silver nanoparticles: towards an integrative approach?. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22(24), 20067–20083 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
49.Murugan, K. et al. Predation by Asian bullfrog tadpoles, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in an aquatic environment treated with mosquitocidal nanoparticles. Parasitol. Res. 114, 3601–3610 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
50.Mahesh Kumar, P. et al. Mosquitocidal activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepod Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides for the control of dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Parasitol. Res. 111, 609–618 (2012).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Khooshe-Bast, Z., Sahebzadeh, N., Ghaffari-Moghaddam, M. & Mirshekar, A. Insecticidal effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Beauveria bassiana TS11 on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Acta Agric Slov. 107(2), 299 (2016).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Ahmad, J., Wahab, R., Siddiqui, M. A., Saquib, Q. & Al-Khedhairy, A. A. Cytotoxicity and cell death induced by engineered nanostructures (quantum dots and nanoparticles) in human cell lines. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 25(2), 325–338 (2020).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Wahab, R. et al. Gold quantum dots impair the tumorigenic potential of glioma stem-like cells via β-catenin downregulation in vitro. Int. J. Nanomed. 14, 1131–1148 (2019).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
54.Wahab, R., Saquib, Q. & Faisal, M. Zinc oxide nanostructures: a motivated dynamism against cancer cells. Process Biochem. 98(June), 83–92 (2020).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
55.Wahab, R. et al. Microwave plasma-assisted silicon nanoparticles: cytotoxic, molecular, and numerical responses against cancer cells. RSC Adv. 9(23), 13336–13347 (2019).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
56.Anitha, J., Selvakumar, R. & Murugan, K. Chitosan capped ZnO nanoparticles with cell specific apoptosis induction through P53 activation and G2/M arrest in breast cancer cells—In vitro approaches. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 136, 686–696 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Wahab, R. et al. Zinc oxide quantum dots: Multifunctional candidates for arresting C2C12 cancer cells and their role towards caspase 3 and 7 genes. RSC Adv. 6(31), 26111–26120 (2016).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
58.Liu, J. & Wang, Z. Increased oxidative stress a selective anticancer therapy. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2015, 294303 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
59.Droese, S. & Brandt, U. Molecular mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 748, 145–169 (2012).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Gupta, S. C. et al. Upsides and downsides of reactive oxygen species for cancer: the roles of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis, prevention, and therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 16, 1295–1322 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar  More