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    Recovery of freshwater microbial communities after extreme rain events is mediated by cyclic succession

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    Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
    Tomas Roslin

    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
    Tomas Roslin, Laura Antão, Maria Hällfors, Coong Lo, Juri Kurhinen & Otso Ovaskainen

    EarthCape OY, Helsinki, Finland
    Evgeniy Meyke

    Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
    Gleb Tikhonov

    Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain
    Maria del Mar Delgado

    3237 Biology-Psychology Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
    Eliezer Gurarie

    National Park Orlovskoe Polesie, Oryol, Russian Federation
    Marina Abadonova

    Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
    Ozodbek Abduraimov, Azizbek Mahmudov & Mirabdulla Turgunov

    Kostomuksha Nature Reserve, Kostomuksha, Russian Federation
    Olga Adrianova, Irina Gaydysh & Natalia Sikkila

    Altai State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Gorno-Altaysk, Russian Federation
    Tatiana Akimova, Svetlana Chuhontseva, Elena Gorbunova, Yury Kalinkin, Helen Korolyova, Oleg Mitrofanov, Miroslava Sahnevich, Vladimir Yakovlev & Tatyana Zubina

    Kabardino-Balkarski Nature Reserve, Kashkhatau, Russian Federation
    Muzhigit Akkiev

    FSE Zapovednoe Podlemorye, Ust-Bargizin, Russian Federation
    Aleksandr Ananin, Evgeniya Bukharova & Natalia Luzhkova

    Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation
    Aleksandr Ananin

    State Nature Reserve Stolby, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
    Elena Andreeva, Nadezhda Goncharova, Alexander Hritankov, Anastasia Knorre, Vladimir Kozsheechkin & Vladislav Timoshkin

    Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Rakhiv, Ukraine
    Natalia Andriychuk, Alla Kozurak & Anatoliy Vekliuk

    Nizhne-Svirsky State Nature Reserve, Lodeinoe Pole, Russian Federation
    Maxim Antipin

    State Nature Reserve Prisursky, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
    Konstantin Arzamascev

    Zapovednoe Pribajkalje (Bajkalo-Lensky State Nature Reserve, Pribajkalsky National Park), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
    Svetlana Babina

    Darwin Nature Biosphere Reserve, Borok, Russian Federation
    Miroslav Babushkin, Andrey Kuznetsov, Natalia Nemtseva, Irina Rybnikova & Nicolay Zelenetskiy

    Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Biosphere Rezerve, Sadovy, Russian Federation
    Oleg Bakin, Elena Chakhireva & Alexey Pavlov

    FGBU National Park Shushenskiy Bor, Shushenskoe, Russian Federation
    Anna Barabancova & Andrej Tolmachev

    Voronezhsky Nature Biosphere Reserve, Voronezh, Russian Federation
    Inna Basilskaja & Inna Sapelnikova

    Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Tankhoy, Russian Federation
    Nina Belova, Olga Ermakova, Irina Kozyr, Aleksandra Krasnopevtseva & Nikolay Volodchenkov

    Visimsky Nature Biosphere Reserve, Kirovgrad, Russian Federation
    Natalia Belyaeva & Rustam Sibgatullin

    Kondinskie Lakes National Park named after L. F. Stashkevich, Sovietsky, Russian Federation
    Tatjana Bespalova, Alena Butunina, Aleksandra Esengeldenova, Natalia Korotkikh & Evgeniy Larin

    FSBI United Administration of the Kedrovaya Pad’ State Biosphere Nature Reserve and Leopard’s Land National Park, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
    Evgeniya Bisikalova

    Pechoro-Ilych State Nature Reserve, Yaksha, Russian Federation
    Anatoly Bobretsov, Murad Kurbanbagamaev, Irina Megalinskaja, Viktor Teplov, Valentina Teplova & Tatiana Tertitsa

    A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russian Federation
    Vladimir Bobrov & Igor Pospelov

    Komsomolskiy Department, FGBU Zapovednoye Priamurye, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian Federation
    Vadim Bobrovskyi, Olga Kuberskaya, Polina Van & Vladimir Van

    Tigirek State Nature Reserve, Barnaul, Russian Federation
    Elena Bochkareva & Evgeniy A. Davydov

    Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
    Elena Bochkareva

    State Nature Reserve Bolshaya Kokshaga, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation
    Gennady Bogdanov

    Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
    Vladimir Bolshakov

    Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve named after K. G. Abramov, Terney, Russian Federation
    Svetlana Bondarchuk, Sergey Elsukov, Ludmila Gromyko, Irina Nesterova & Elena Smirnova

    FSBI Prioksko-Terrasniy State Reserve, Danky, Russian Federation
    Yuri Buyvolov & Galina Sokolova

    Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
    Anna Buyvolova & Ilya Prokhorov

    National Park Meshchera, Gus-Hrustalnyi, Russian Federation
    Yuri Bykov, Zoya Drozdova & Svetlana Mayorova

    South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ilmeny State Reserve, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, Russian Federation
    Olga Chashchina, Nadezhda Kuyantseva & Valery Zakharov

    FGBU National Park Kenozersky, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
    Nadezhda Cherenkova, Svetlana Drovnina & Alexander Samoylov

    FGBU GPZ Kologrivskij les im. M.G. Sinicina, Kologriv, Russian Federation
    Sergej Chistjakov

    Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
    Evgeniy A. Davydov

    Pryazovskyi National Nature Park, Melitopol’, Ukraine
    Viktor Demchenko, Elena Diadicheva & Valeri Sanko

    State Nature Reserve Privolzhskaya Lesostep, Penza, Russian Federation
    Aleksandr Dobrolyubov & Aleksey Kudryavtsev

    Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
    Ludmila Dostoyevskaya, Violetta Fedotova & Pavel Lebedev

    Sary-Chelek State Nature Reserve, Aksu, Kyrgyzstan
    Akynaly Dubanaev

    Institute for Evolutionary Ecology NAS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
    Yuriy Dubrovsky

    FGBU State Nature Reserve Kuznetsk Alatau, Mezhdurechensk, Russian Federation
    Lidia Epova

    Kerzhenskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
    Olga S. Ermakova

    FSBI United Administration of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park Smolny, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russian Federation
    Elena Ershkova

    Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation
    Elena Ershkova

    Bryansk Forest Nature Reserve, Nerussa, Russian Federation
    Oleg Evstigneev, Evgeniya Kaygorodova, Sergey Kossenko, Sergey Kruglikov & Elena Sitnikova

    Pinezhsky State Nature Reserve, Pinega, Russian Federation
    Irina Fedchenko, Lyudmila Puchnina, Svetlana Rykova & Andrei Sivkov

    The Central Chernozem State Biosphere Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alyokhin, Kurskiy, Russian Federation
    Tatiana Filatova

    Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
    Sergey Gashev

    Reserves of Taimyr, Norilsk, Russian Federation
    Anatoliy Gavrilov, Leonid Kolpashikov, Elena Pospelova & Violetta Strekalovskaya

    Chatkalski National Park, Toshkent, Uzbekistan
    Dmitrij Golovcov

    National Park Ugra, Kaluga, Russian Federation
    Tatyana Gordeeva & Viktorija Teleganova

    Kaniv Nature Reserve, Kaniv, Ukraine
    Vitaly Grishchenko, Yuliia Kulsha, Vasyl Shevchyk & Eugenia Yablonovska-Grishchenko

    Smolenskoe Poozerje National Park, Przhevalskoe, Russian Federation
    Vladimir Hohryakov, Gennadiy Kosenkov & Ksenia Shalaeva

    FSBI Zeya State Nature Reserve, Zeya, Russian Federation
    Elena Ignatenko, Klara Pavlova & Sergei Podolski

    Polistovsky State Nature Reserve, Pskov, Russian Federation
    Svetlana Igosheva & Tatiana Novikova

    Ural State Pedagogical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
    Uliya Ivanova, Margarita Kupriyanova, Tamara Nezdoliy, Nataliya Skok & Oksana Yantser

    Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—the Branch of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
    Natalya Ivanova & Maksim Shashkov

    Kronotsky Federal Nature Biosphere Reserve, Yelizovo, Russian Federation
    Fedor Kazansky & Darya Panicheva

    Zhiguli Nature Reserve, P. Bakhilova Polyana, Russian Federation
    Darya Kiseleva

    Institute for Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
    Anastasia Knorre

    Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Tver, Russian Federation
    Evgenii Korobov, Elena Shujskaja, Sergei Stepanov & Anatolii Zheltukhin

    National Park Bashkirija, Nurgush, Russian Federation
    Elvira Kotlugalyamova & Lilija Sultangareeva

    State Nature Reserve Kurilsky, Juzhno-Kurilsk, Russian Federation
    Evgeny Kozlovsky

    Vodlozersky National Park, Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
    Elena Kulebyakina & Viktor Mamontov

    State Nature Reserve Kivach, Kondopoga, Russian Federation
    Anatoliy Kutenkov, Nadezhda Kutenkova, Anatoliy Shcherbakov, Svetlana Skorokhodova, Alexander Sukhov & Marina Yakovleva

    South-Ural Federal University, Miass, Russian Federation
    Nadezhda Kuyantseva

    Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
    Pavel Lebedev

    Astrakhan Biosphere Reserve, Astrakhan, Russian Federation
    Kirill Litvinov

    FSBI United Administration of the Lazovsky State Reserve and National Park Zov Tigra, Lazo, Russian Federation
    Lidiya Makovkina, Aleksandr Myslenkov & Inna Voloshina

    State Nature Reserve Tungusskiy, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
    Artur Meydus, Julia Raiskaya & Vladimir Sopin

    Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
    Artur Meydus

    Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
    Aleksandr Minin

    Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
    Aleksandr Minin

    Carpathian National Nature Park, Yaremche, Ukraine
    Mykhailo Motruk

    State Environmental Institution National Park Braslav lakes, Braslav, Belarus
    Nina Nasonova

    National Park Synevyr, Synevyr-Ostriki, Ukraine
    Tatyana Niroda, Ivan Putrashyk, Yurij Tyukh & Yurij Yarema

    Pasvik State Nature Reserve, Nikel, Russian Federation
    Natalja Polikarpova

    Mari Chodra National Park, Krasnogorsky, Russian Federation
    Tatiana Polyanskaya

    State Nature Reserve Vishersky, Krasnovishersk, Russian Federation
    Irina Prokosheva

    State Nature Reserve Olekminsky, Olekminsk, Russian Federation
    Yuri Rozhkov, Olga Rozhkova & Dmitry Tirski

    Crimea Nature Reserve, Alushta, Republic of Crimea
    Marina Rudenko

    Forest Research Institute Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
    Sergei Sazonov, Lidia Vetchinnikova & Juri Kurhinen

    Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Hola Prystan’, Ukraine
    Zoya Selyunina

    Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
    Maksim Shashkov

    State Nature Reserve Nurgush, Kirov, Russian Federation
    Sergej Shubin & Ludmila Tselishcheva

    Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Maykop, Russian Federation
    Yurii Spasovski

    National Nature Park Vyzhnytskiy, Berehomet, Ukraine
    Vitalіy Stratiy

    National Park Khvalynsky, Khvalynsk, Russian Federation
    Guzalya Suleymanova

    State Research Center Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
    Aleksey Tomilin

    Information-Analytical Centre for Protected Areas, Moscow, Russian Federation
    Aleksey Tomilin

    State Nature Reserve Malaya Sosva, Sovetskiy, Russian Federation
    Aleksander Vasin & Aleksandra Vasina

    Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
    Vladislav Vinogradov

    Surhanskiy State Nature Reserve, Sherabad, Uzbekistan
    Tura Xoliqov

    Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Pushta, Russian Federation
    Andrey Zahvatov

    Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
    Otso Ovaskainen

    The data were collected by the 195 authors starting from M.A. and ending with T.Z. in the author list. J.K., E.M., C.L., G.T. and E.G. contributed to the establishment and coordination of the collaborative network and to the compilation and curation of the resulting dataset. T.R., O.O., L.A., M.H. and M.d.M.D. conceived the idea behind the current study and wrote the first draft of the paper, with O.O. conducting the analyses. All authors provided useful comments on earlier drafts. More