Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Global Warming Of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5 °C Above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways (World Meteorological Organization, 2018).
Kantola, I. B. et al. Potential of global croplands and bioenergy crops for climate change mitigation through deployment for enhanced weathering. Biol. Lett. 13, 20160714 (2017).
Zhang, G., Kang, J., Wang, T. & Zhu, C. Review and outlook for agromineral research in agriculture and climate change mitigation. Soil Res. 56, 113–122 (2018).
Beerling, D. J. et al. Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security. Nat. Plants 4, 138–147 (2018).
Mercure, J.-F. et al. Macroeconomic impact of stranded fossil fuel assests. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 588–593 (2018).
Le Quéré, C. et al. Global carbon budget 2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10, 2141–2194 (2018).
United Nations Environment Programme The Emissions Gap Report 2018 (United Nations Environment Programme, 2018).
Hagedorn, G. et al. Concerns of young protesters are justified. Science 364, 139–140 (2019).
Hansen, J. et al. Young people’s burden: requirement of negative CO2 emissions. Earth Syst. Dyn 8, 577–616 (2017).
Rockström, J. et al. A roadmap for rapid decarbonisation. Science 355, 1269–1271 (2017).
The Royal Society Greenhouse Gas Removal Technologies (The Royal Society, 2018).
Pacala, S. et al. Negative Emissions Technologies And Reliable Sequestration (National Academy of Sciences, 2018).
Seifritz, W. CO2 disposal by means of silicates. Nature 345, 486 (1990).
Schuiling, R. D. & Krijgsman, P. Enhanced weathering: an effective and cheap tool to sequester CO2. Clim. Change 74, 349–354 (2006).
Kohler, P., Hartmann, J. & Wolf-Gladrow, D. A. Geoengineering potential of artificially enhanced silicate weathering of olivine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 20228–20233 (2010).
Hartmann, J. et al. Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification. Rev. Geophys. 51, 113–149 (2013).
Taylor, L. L. et al. Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting ocean acidification. Nat. Clim. Chang. 6, 402–406 (2016).
Kelland, M. E. et al. Increased yield and CO2 sequestration potential with the C4 cereal crop Sorghum bicolor cultivated in basaltic rock dust amended agricultural soil. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 3658–3676 (2020).
Renforth, P. & Henderson, G. Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration. Rev. Geophys. 55, 636–674 (2017).
Smith, P. et al. Land-based options for greenhouse gas removal and their impacts on ecosystem services and the sustainable development goals. Annu. Rev. Environ. Res. 44, 255–286 (2019).
Renforth, P. The potential of enhanced weathering in the UK. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 10, 229–243 (2012).
Strefler, J. et al. Potential and costs of carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering of rocks. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 034010 (2018).
Fuss, S. et al. Negative emissions—Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 063002 (2018).
Baik, E. et al. Geospatial analysis of near-term potential for carbon-negative bioenergy in the United States. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 3290–3295 (2018).
Heck, V., Gerten, D., Lucht, W. & Popp, A. Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 151–155 (2018).
Amann, T. & Hartmann, J. Ideas and perspectives: synergies from co-deployment of negative emissions technologies. Biogeosciences 16, 2949–2960 (2019).
Mayer, A. et al. The potential of agricultural land management to contribute to lower global surface temperature. Sci. Adv. 4, eaaq0932 (2018).
Groffman, P. M. et al. Calcium additions and microbial nitrogen cycle processes in a northern hardwood forest. Ecosystems 9, 1289–1305 (2006).
Dietzen, C., Harrison, R. & Michelsen-Correa, S. Effectiveness of enhanced mineral weathering as a carbon sequestration tool and alternative to agricultural lime: an incubation experiment. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 74, 251–258 (2018).
Smith, P., Haszeldine, R. S. & Smith, S. M. Preliminary assessment of the potential for, and limitations to, terrestrial negative emissions technologies in the UK. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 18, 1400–1405 (2016).
DeLucia, E., Kantola, I., Blanc-Betes, E., Bernacchi, C. & Beerling, D. J. Basalt application for carbon sequestration reduces nitrous oxide fluxes from cropland. Geophys. Res. Abstr. 21, EGU2019–EGU4500 (2019).
Das, S. et al. Cropping with slag to address soil, environment, and food security. Front. Microbiol. 10, 1320 (2019).
Rogelj, J. et al. Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 °C. Nature 534, 631–639 (2016).
Clark, P. U. et al. Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 6, 360–369 (2016).
Crowder, D. W. & Reganold, J. P. Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 7611–7616 (2015).
Bebbington, A. J. & Bury, J. T. Institutional challenges for mining and sustainability in Peru. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 17296–17301 (2009).
Renforth, P. et al. Silicate production and availability for mineral carbonation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 2035–2041 (2011).
Renforth, P. The negative emission potential of alkaline materials. Nat. Commun. 10, 1401 (2019).
Tubana, B. S., Babu, T. & Datnoff, L. E. A review of silicon in soils and plants and its role in US agriculture: history and future perspectives. Soil Sci. 181, 393–411 (2016).
Washbourne, C.-L. et al. Rapid removal of atmospheric CO2 in urban soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 5434–5440 (2015).
Lekakh, S. N. et al. Kinetics of aqueous leaching and carbonization of steelmaking slag. Metallurg. Mater. Trans. B 39, 125–134 (2008).
Haynes, R. J., Belyaeva, O. N. & Kingston, G. Evaluation of industrial waste sources of fertilizer silicon using chemical extractions and plant uptake. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 176, 238–248 (2013).
Rodd, A. V. et al. Surface application of cement kiln dust and lime to forage land: effect on forage yield, tissue concentration and accumulation of nutrients. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90, 201–213 (2010).
Ramos, C.G. et al. Evaluation of soil re-mineralizer from by-product of volcanic rock mining: experimental proof using black oats and maize crops. Nat. Res. Res. 10.1007/s11053–019–09529-x (2019).
Savant, N. K., Datnoff, L. E. & Snyder, G. H. Depletion of plant-available silicon in soils: a possible cause of declining rice yields. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 28, 1245–1252 (1997).
Ning, D. et al. Impacts of steel-slag-based fertilizer on soil acidity and silicon availability and metals-immobilization in a paddy soil. PLoS One 11, e0168163 (2016).
Chen, J. Rapid urbanization in China: a real challenge to soil protection and food security. Catena 69, 1–15 (2007).
United Nations Global Land Outlook 1st edn (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 2017).
Smith, M. R. & Myers, S. S. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on global human nutrition. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 834–839 (2018).
Cui, Z. et al. Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature 555, 363–366 (2018).
Pidgeon, N. F. & Spence, E. Perceptions of enhanced weathering as a biological negative emissions option. Biol. Lett. 13, 20170024 (2017).
Daval, D., Calvarusa, C., Guyut, F. & Turpault, M.-P. Time-dependent feldspar dissolution rates resulting from surface passivation: experimental evidence and geochemical implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 498, 226–236 (2018).
Ricke, K., Drout, L., Caldeira, K. & Tavoni, M. Country-level social cost of carbon. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 895–900 (2018).
Cox, E., Pidgeon, N. F., Spence, E. M. & Thomas, G. Blurred lines: the ethics and policy of greenhouse gas removal at scale. Front. Environ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00038 (2018).
Berner, R. A. Rate control of mineral dissolution under Earth surface conditions. Am. J. Sci. 278, 1235–1252 (1978).
Maher, K. The dependence of chemical weathering rates on fluid residence time. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 294, 101–110 (2010).
Abatzoglou, J. T., Dobrowski, S. Z., Parks, S. A. & Hegewisch, K. C. TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958-2015. Sci. Data 5, 170191 (2018).
Huang, Z. W. et al. Reconstruction of global gridded monthly sectoral water withdrawals for 1971-2010 and analysis of their spatiotemporal patterns. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 22, 2117–2133 (2018).
Siebert, S. & Doll, P. Quantifying blue and green virtual water contents in global crop production as well as potential production losses without irrigation. J. Hydrol. 384, 198–217 (2010).
Aagaard, P. & Helgeson, H. C. Thermodynamic and kinetic constraints on reaction-rates among minerals and aqueous-solutions. 1. Theoretical considerations. Am. J. Sci. 282, 237–285 (1982).
Lasaga, A. C. Chemical-kinetics of water-rock interactions. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 4009–4025 (1984).
Brantley, S. L., Kubicki, J. D. & White, A. F. Kinetics of Water–Rock Interaction (Springer, 2008).
Harley, A. D. & Gilkes, R. J. Factors influencing the release of plant nutrient elements from silicate rock powders: a geochemical overview. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 56, 11–36 (2000).
Taylor, L. L. et al. Biological evolution and the long-term carbon cycle: integrating mycorrhizal evolution and function into the current paradigm. Geobiology 7, 171–191 (2009).
Nelson, P. N. & Su, N. Soil pH buffering capacity: a descriptive function and its application to some acidic tropical soils. Aust. J. Soil Sci. 48, 201–207 (2010).
Cerling, T. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: evidence from Cenozoic and Mesozoic paleosols. Am. J. Sci. 291, 377–400 (1991).
Taylor, L., Banwart, S. A., Leake, J. R. & Beerling, D. J. Modelling the evolutionary rise of ectomycorrhizal on sub-surface weathering environments and the geochemical carbon cycle. Am. J. Sci. 311, 369–403 (2011).
Banwart, S. A., Berg, A. & Beerling, D. J. Process-based modeling of silicate mineral weathering responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB4013 (2009).
Petavratzi, E., Kingman, S. & Lowndes, I. Particulates from mining operations: a review of sources, effects and regulations. Miner. Eng. 18, 1183–1199 (2005).
Cepuritis, R., Garboczi, E. J., Ferraris, C. F., Jacobsen, S. & Sorensen, B. E. Measurement of particle size distribution and specific surface area for crushed concrete aggregate fines. Adv. Powder Technol. 28, 706–720 (2017).
Navarre-Sitchler, A. & Brantley, S. Basalt weathering across scales. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261, 321–334 (2007).
Brantley, S. L. & Mellott, N. P. Surface area and porosity of primary silicate minerals. Am. Mineral. 85, 1767–1783 (2000).
Moosdorf, N., Renforth, P. & Hartmann, J. Carbon dioxide efficiency of terrestrial weathering. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 4809–4816 (2014).
Salisbury, J. E. et al. Seasonal observations of surface waters in two Gulf of Maine estuary-plume systems: relationships between watershed attributes, optical measurements and surface p CO2. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 77, 245–252 (2008).
Darling, P. & Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (U.S.). SME Mining Engineering Handbook 3rd edn (Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, 2011).
InfoMine, Mining Cost Service http://www.infomine.com/ (Infomine, 2009).
Tromans, D. Mineral comminution: energy efficiency considerations. Min. Eng. 21, 613–620 (2008).
Hartmann, J. & Moosdorf, N. The new global lithological map database GLiM: a representation of rock properties at the Earth surface. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 13, Q12004 (2012).
Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME) https://www.protectedplanet.net/ (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, 2018).
ROTARU, A. S. et al. Modelling a logistic problem by creating an origin-destination cost matrix using GIS technology. Bull. UASVM Horticulture 71, https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:9697 (2014).
Osorio, C. Dynamic origin-destination matrix calibration for large-scale network simulators. Transport. Res. C 98, 186–206 (2019).
International Energy Agency The Future of Rail, Opportunities for Energy and the Environment (International Energy Agency, 2019).
Liimatainen, H., van Vliet, O. & Aplyn, D. The potential of electric trucks—an international commodity-level analysis. Appl. Energy 236, 804–814 (2019).
GDP (current US$) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (The World Bank, 2016).
Bauer, N. et al. Shared socio-economic pathways of the energy sector – quantifying the narratives. Glob. Environ. Change 42, 316–330 (2017).
Xi, F. et al. Substantial global carbon uptake by cement carbonation. Nat. Geosci. 9, 880–883 (2016).
U.S. Geological Survey. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2006 (US Geological Survey, 2006).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
