Arthur, C., Baker, J. & Bamford, H. Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects, and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris. Group 530 (2009).
Wagner, M. & Lambert, S. Freshwater Microplastics (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5.
Horton, A. A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D. J., Lahive, E. & Svendsen, C. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Sci. Total Environ. 586, 127–141 (2017).
Cox, K. D. et al. Human consumption of microplastics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53, 7068–7074 (2019).
Zhao, S., Zhu, L. & Li, D. Microplastic in three urban estuaries, China. Environ. Pollut. 206, 597–604 (2015).
Kunz, A., Walther, B. A., Löwemark, L. & Lee, Y. C. Distribution and quantity of microplastic on sandy beaches along the northern coast of Taiwan. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 111, 126–135 (2016).
Eriksen, M. et al. Plastic pollution in the world’s oceans: More than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PLoS ONE 9, 1–15 (2014).
Van Cauwenberghe, L., Vanreusel, A., Mees, J. & Janssen, C. R. Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environ. Pollut. 182, 495–499 (2013).
Obbard, R. W. et al. Global warming releases microplastic legacy frozen in Arctic Sea ice. Earth’s Futur. 2, 315–320 (2014).
Dris, R. et al. Microplastic contamination in an urban area: A case study in Greater Paris. Environ. Chem. 12, 592–599 (2015).
Wetherbee, G. A., Baldwin, A. K. & Ranville, J. F. It is raining plastic. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1048 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191048.
Barboza, L. G. A. & Gimenez, B. C. G. Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends and future perspectives. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 97, 5–12 (2015).
Yonkos, L. T., Friedel, E. A., Perez-Reyes, A. C., Ghosal, S. & Arthur, C. D. Microplastics in four estuarine rivers in the chesapeake bay, U.S.A. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 14195–14202 (2014).
Browne, M. A. et al. Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: sources and sinks—Environmental science and technology (ACS Publications). Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 9175–9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/es201811s (2011).
Eriksen, M. et al. Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 77, 177–182 (2013).
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C. & Galloway, T. S. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 62, 2588–2597 (2011).
Nel, H. A., Dalu, T. & Wasserman, R. J. Sinks and sources: Assessing microplastic abundance in river sediment and deposit feeders in an Austral temperate urban river system. Sci. Total Environ. 612, 950–956 (2018).
Wang, W., Ndungu, A. W., Li, Z. & Wang, J. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: A case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China. Sci. Total Environ. 575, 1369–1374 (2017).
Klein, S., Worch, E. & Knepper, T. P. Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the rhine-main area in Germany. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 6070–6076 (2015).
Jambeck, J. R. et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 347, 764–768 (2015).
Browne, M. A., Galloway, T. S. & Thompson, R. C. Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 3404–3409 (2010).
Li, J. et al. Using mussel as a global bioindicator of coastal microplastic pollution. Environ. Pollut. 244, 522–533 (2019).
Bonanno, G. & Orlando-Bonaca, M. Perspectives on using marine species as bioindicators of plastic pollution. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 137, 209–221 (2018).
Akindele, E. O., Ehlers, S. M. & Koop, J. H. E. First empirical study of freshwater microplastics in West Africa using gastropods from Nigeria as bioindicators. Limnologica 78, 125708 (2019).
Su, L. et al. Using the Asian clam as an indicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 234, 347–355 (2018).
Dalu, T. et al. Variation partitioning of benthic diatom community matrices: Effects of multiple variables on benthic diatom communities in an Austral temperate river system. Sci. Total Environ. 601–602, 73–82 (2017).
Scherer, C., Brennholt, N., Reifferscheid, G. & Wagner, M. Feeding type and development drive the ingestion of microplastics by freshwater invertebrates. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–9 (2017).
Silva, C. J. M., Silva, A. L. P., Gravato, C. & Pestana, J. L. T. Ingestion of small-sized and irregularly shaped polyethylene microplastics affect Chironomusriparius life-history traits. Sci. Total Environ. 672, 862–868 (2019).
Ziajahromi, S., Kumar, A., Neale, P. A. & Leusch, F. D. L. Effects of polyethylene microplastics on the acute toxicity of a synthetic pyrethroid to midge larvae (Chironomustepperi) in synthetic and river water. Sci. Total Environ. 671, 971–975 (2019).
Windsor, F. M., Tilley, R. M., Tyler, C. R. & Ormerod, S. J. Microplastic ingestion by riverine macroinvertebrates. Sci. Total Environ. 646, 68–74 (2019).
Ziajahromi, S., Kumar, A., Neale, P. A. & Leusch, F. D. L. Environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics negatively impact the survival, growth and emergence of sediment-dwelling invertebrates. Environ. Pollut. 236, 425–431 (2018).
Open Government Data License. National Development Council. https://data.gov.tw/en.
Central Weather Bureau Observation Data Inquiry System. https://e-service.cwb.gov.tw/HistoryDataQuery/index.jsp.
Merritt, R. W. & Cummins, K. W. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America 3rd edn. (Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., Dubuque, 1996).
Löder, M. G. J. & Gerdts, G. Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics—A critical appraisal. In Marine Anthropogenic Litter (eds Bergmann, M. et al.) 201–227 (Springer, Cham, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_8.
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C. & Thiel, M. Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 3060–3075 (2012).
Li, J. et al. Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China. Environ. Pollut. 214, 177–184 (2016).
Taiwan Map Store. National Land Surveying and Mapping Center. https://whgis.nlsc.gov.tw/.
Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference (Springer, New York, 2002).
Hurvich, C. M. & Tsai, C. L. Regression and time series model selection in small samples. Biometrika 76, 297–307 (1989).
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (2018).
Brooks, M. E. et al. glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling. R J. 9, 378–400 (2017).
Rizopoulos, D. GLMMadaptive: Generalized linear mixed models using adaptive gaussian quadrature (2020).
Bartoń, K. MuMIn: Multi-model inference (2019).
Lüdecke, D., Makowski, D. & Waggoner, P. performance: Assessment of regression models performance (2019).
Lechner, A. et al. The Danube so colourful: A potpourri of plastic litter outnumbers fish larvae in Europe’s second largest river. Environ. Pollut. 188, 177–181 (2014).
Moore, C. J., Lattin, G. L. & Zellers, A. F. Quantity and type of plastic debris flowing from two urban rivers to coastal waters and beaches of Southern California. Rev. Gestão Costeira Integr. 11, 65–73 (2011).
Lechner, A. & Ramler, D. The discharge of certain amounts of industrial microplastic from a production plant into the River Danube is permitted by the Austrian legislation. Environ. Pollut. 200, 159–160 (2015).
von Schuckmann, K., Brandt, P. & Eden, C. Generation of tropical instability waves in the Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 113, 539–550 (2008).
Murphy, F., Ewins, C., Carbonnier, F. & Quinn, B. Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 5800–5808 (2016).
Dris, R., Gasperi, J. & Tassin, B. Sources and fate of microplastics in urban areas: A focus on Paris megacity. In Freshwater Microplastics (eds Wagner, M. & Lambert, S.) 69–83 (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2018).
Siegfried, M., Koelmans, A. A., Besseling, E. & Kroeze, C. Export of microplastics from land to sea. A modelling approach. Water Res. 127, 249–257 (2017).
Enforcement Rule for Sewerage Law. Construction and planning agency ministry of the interior. https://www.cpami.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=36 (2007).
Su, L. et al. Microplastics in Taihu Lake, China. Environ. Pollut. 216, 711–719 (2016).
Mani, T., Hauk, A., Walter, U. & Burkhardt-Holm, P. Microplastics profile along the Rhine River. Sci. Rep. 5, 1–7 (2015).
Fischer, E. K., Paglialonga, L., Czech, E. & Tamminga, M. Microplastic pollution in lakes and lake shoreline sediments—A case study on Lake Bolsena and Lake Chiusi (central Italy). Environ. Pollut. 213, 648–657 (2016).
Collignon, A. et al. Neustonic microplastic and zooplankton in the North Western Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 64, 861–864 (2012).
Rillig, M. C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 6453–6454 (2012).
Rech, S. et al. Rivers as a source of marine litter—A study from the SE Pacific. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 82, 66–75 (2014).
Habib, R. Z., Thiemann, T. & AlKendi, R. Microplastics and wastewater treatment plants—A review. J. Water. Resour. Prot. 12, 1–35 (2020).
Qi, Y. et al. Macro- and micro- plastics in soil-plant system: Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth. Sci. Total Environ. 645, 1048–1056 (2018).
Clayton, G. W. et al. Polymer seed coating of early- and late-fall-seeded herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassicanapus L.) cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84, 971–979 (2004).
Nizzetto, L., Futter, M. & Langaas, S. Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 10777–10779 (2016).
Ristola, T., Pellinen, J., Ruokolainen, M., Kostamo, A. & Kukkonen, J. V. K. Effect of sediment type, feeding level, and larval density on growth and development of a midge (Chironomusriparius). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18, 756 (1999).
Conrad, O. Module Channel Network and Drainage Basins (2003)
Conrad, O. et al. System for automated geoscientific analyses (SAGA) v. 2.1.4. Geosci. Model Dev. 8, 1991–2007 (2015).
Source: Ecology - nature.com