Chittka, L. & Raine, N. E. Recognition of flowers by pollinators. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 9, 428–435 (2006).
Google Scholar
Raguso, R. A. Flowers as sensory billboards: Progress towards an integrated understanding of floral advertisement. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7, 434–440 (2004).
Google Scholar
Goulson, D., Stout, J. C. & Hawson, S. A. Can flower constancy in nectaring butterflies be explained by Darwin’s interference hypothesis?. Oecologia 112, 225–231 (1997).
Google Scholar
Goulson, D. & Wright, N. P. Flower constancy in the hoverflies Episyrphus balteatus (Degeer) and Syrphus ribesii (L.) (Syrphidae). Behav. Ecol. 9, 213–219 (1998).
Google Scholar
Von Arx, M., Goyret, J., Davidowitz, G. & Raguso, R. A. Floral humidity as a reliable sensory cue for profitability assessment by nectar-foraging hawkmoths. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 9471–9476 (2012).
Google Scholar
Leonard, A. S., Dornhaus, A. & Papaj, D. R. Forget-me-not: Complex floral displays, inter-signal interactions, and pollinator cognition. Curr. Zool. 57, 215–224 (2011).
Google Scholar
Vaknin, Y., Gan-Mor, S., Bechar, A., Ronen, B. & Eisikowitch, D. The role of electrostatic forces in pollination. Plant Syst. Evol. 222, 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00984099 (2000).
Google Scholar
Bowker, G. E. & Crenshaw, H. C. Electrostatic forces in wind-pollination—Part 2: Simulations of pollen capture. Atmos. Environ. 41, 1596–1603 (2007).
Google Scholar
Erickson, E. Surface electric potentials on worker honeybees leaving and entering the hive. J. Apic. Res. 14, 141–147 (1975).
Google Scholar
Edwards, D. Electrostatic charges on insects due to contact with different substrates. Can. J. Zool. 40, 579–584 (1962).
Google Scholar
Vaknin, Y., Gan-Mor, S., Bechar, A., Ronen, B. & Eisikowitch, D. Pollen and Pollination 133–142 (Springer, 2000).
Google Scholar
Eskov, E. & Sapozhnikov, A. Mechanism of generation and perception of electric fields by honey bees. Biofizika 21, 1097–1102 (1976).
Google Scholar
Clarke, D., Whitney, H., Sutton, G. & Robert, D. Detection and learning of floral electric fields by bumblebees. Science 340, 66–69 (2013).
Google Scholar
Bowker, G. E. & Crenshaw, H. C. Electrostatic forces in wind-pollination—Part 1: Measurement of the electrostatic charge on pollen. Atmos. Environ. 41, 1587–1595 (2007).
Google Scholar
Gan-Mor, S., Schwartz, Y., Bechar, A., Eisikowitch, D. & Manor, G. Relevance of electrostatic forces in natural and artificial pollination. Can. Agric. Eng. 37, 189–194 (1995).
Colin, M., Richard, D. & Chauzy, S. Measurement of electric charges carried by bees: Evidence of biological variations. J. Bioelectr. 10, 17–32 (1991).
Google Scholar
Pinillos, V. & Cuevas, J. Artificial pollination in tree crop production. Horticult. Rev. 2, 2 (2008).
Corbet, S. A., Beament, J. & Eisikowitch, D. Are electrostatic forces involved in pollen transfer?. Plant Cell Environ. 5, 125–129 (1982).
Google Scholar
Inouye, D. W., Larson, B. M., Ssymank, A. & Kevan, P. G. Flies and flowers III: Ecology of foraging and pollination. J. Pollin. Ecol. 16, 115–133 (2015).
Google Scholar
Kanstrup, J. & Olesen, J. M. Plant-flower visitor interactions in a neotropical rain forest canopy: Community structure and generalisation level. The Scand. Assoc. Pollin. Ecol. honours knut Fægri 2, 33–42 (2000).
Orford, K. A., Vaughan, I. P. & Memmott, J. The forgotten flies: The importance of non-syrphid Diptera as pollinators. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 282, 20142934 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sakurai, A. & Takahashi, K. Flowering phenology and reproduction of the Solidago virgaurea L. complex along an elevational gradient on M t N orikura, central Japan. Plant Sp. Biol. 32, 270–278 (2017).
Google Scholar
Forup, M. L., Henson, K. S., Craze, P. G. & Memmott, J. The restoration of ecological interactions: Plant–pollinator networks on ancient and restored heathlands. J. Appl. Ecol. 45, 742–752 (2008).
Google Scholar
Solomon, M. & Kendall, D. Pollination by the syrphid fly, Eristalis tenax. (1970).
Kendall, D., Wilson, D., Guttridge, C. & Anderson, H. Testing Eristalis as a pollinator of covered crops. Long Ashton Res. Stn. Rep. 1971, 120–121 (1971).
Ohsawa, R. & Namai, H. The effect of insect pollinators on pollination and seed setting in Brassica campestris cv. Nozawana and Brassica juncea cv Kikarashina. Jpn. J. Breed. 37, 453–463 (1987).
Google Scholar
Jauker, F. & Wolters, V. Hover flies are efficient pollinators of oilseed rape. Oecologia 156, 819–823 (2008).
Google Scholar
Rader, R. et al. Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 1080–1087 (2009).
Google Scholar
Kalmijn, A. J. The electric sense of sharks and rays. J. Exp. Biol. 55, 371–383 (1971).
Google Scholar
Clarke, D., Morley, E. & Robert, D. The bee, the flower, and the electric field: Electric ecology and aerial electroreception. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 203, 737–748 (2017).
Google Scholar
Greggers, U. et al. Reception and learning of electric fields in bees. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 280, 20130528 (2013).
Google Scholar
Casas, J. & Dangles, O. Physical ecology of fluid flow sensing in arthropods. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 55, 505–520 (2010).
Google Scholar
Tautz, J. & Rostás, M. Honeybee buzz attenuates plant damage by caterpillars. Curr. Biol. 18, R1125–R1126 (2008).
Google Scholar
Bathellier, B., Steinmann, T., Barth, F. G. & Casas, J. Air motion sensing hairs of arthropods detect high frequencies at near-maximal mechanical efficiency. J. R. Soc. Interface 9, 1131–1143 (2011).
Google Scholar
Newland, P. L. et al. Static electric field detection and behavioural avoidance in cockroaches. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 3682–3690 (2008).
Google Scholar
Sutton, G. P., Clarke, D., Morley, E. L. & Robert, D. Mechanosensory hairs in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) detect weak electric fields. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, 7261–7265 (2016).
Google Scholar
Wędzony, M. & Filek, M. Changes of electric potential in pistils of Petunia hybrida Hort. and Brassica napus L. during pollination. Acta Physiol. Plantarum 20, 291–297 (1998).
Google Scholar
Stout, J. C. & Goulson, D. The use of conspecific and interspecific scent marks by foraging bumblebees and honeybees. Anim. Behav. 62, 183–189 (2001).
Google Scholar
Weiss, M. R. Floral color change: A widespread functional convergence. Am. J. Bot. 82, 167–185 (1995).
Google Scholar
Waser, N. M. & Price, M. V. Pollinator behaviour and natural selection for flower colour in Delphinium nelsonii. Nature 302, 422 (1983).
Google Scholar
Shimozawa, T., Murakami, J. & Kumagai, T. Sensors and Sensing in Biology and Engineering 145–157 (Springer, 2003).
Google Scholar
Khan, S. & Hanif, H. Diversity and fauna of hoverflies (Syrphidae) in Chakwal, Pakistan. Int. J of Zool. Stud. 1, 22–23 (2016).
Khan, S. A. & Hanif, H. First record and redescription of Cheilosia albipila syrphid flies from Punjab, Pakistan. Int. J. Zool. Res. 1, 2 (2016).
Shehzad, A. et al. Faunistic study of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Pakistan. Orient. Insects 51, 197–220 (2017).
Google Scholar
Nicholas, S., Thyselius, M., Holden, M. & Nordström, K. Rearing and long-term maintenance of eristalis tenax hoverflies for research studies. JoVE https://doi.org/10.3791/57711 (2018).
Google Scholar
Gilbert, F. S. Foraging ecology of hoverflies: Morphology of the mouthparts in relation to feeding on nectar and pollen in some urban species. Ecol. Entomol. 2, 2 (1981).
Nicholas, S., Thyselius, M., Holden, M. & Nordström, K. Rearing and long-term maintenance of Eristalis tenax hoverflies for research studies. J. Vis. Exp. JoVE 2, 2 (2018).
Hogg, B. N., Bugg, R. L. & Daane, K. M. Attractiveness of common insectary and harvestable floral resources to beneficial insects. Biol. Control 56, 76–84 (2011).
Google Scholar
McGonigle, D. F., Jackson, C. W. & Davidson, J. L. Triboelectrification of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) walking on synthetic dielectric surfaces. J. Electrostat. 54, 167–177 (2002).
Google Scholar
Koh, K., Montgomery, C., Clarke, D., Morley, E. & Robert, D. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 012001 (IOP Publishing).
Rycroft, M., Israelsson, S. & Price, C. The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 62, 1563–1576 (2000).
Google Scholar
Whitney, H. M., Dyer, A., Chittka, L., Rands, S. A. & Glover, B. J. The interaction of temperature and sucrose concentration on foraging preferences in bumblebees. Naturwissenschaften 95, 845–850 (2008).
Google Scholar
Stanković, B. & Davies, E. Both action potentials and variation potentials induce proteinase inhibitor gene expression in tomato. FEBS Lett. 390, 275–279 (1996).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com