Bryan-Brown, D. N., Brown, C. J., Hughes, J. M. & Connolly, R. M. Patterns and trends in marine population connectivity research. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 585, 243–256 (2017).
Tomlinson, P. B. The Botany of Mangroves (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016).
Bunting, P. et al. The global mangrove watch—a new 2010 global baseline of mangrove extent. Remote Sens. 10, 1669. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101669 (2018).
Ward, R. D., Friess, D. A., Day, R. H. & MacKenzie, R. A. Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview. Ecosyst. Health Sustain. 2, 01211. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211 (2016).
Richards, D. R. & Friess, D. A. Rates of drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000–2012. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, 344–349 (2016).
Hermansen, T. D., Britton, D. R., Ayre, D. J. & Minchonton, T. E. Identifying the real pollinators? Exotic honeybees are the dominant flower visitors and only effective pollinators of Avicennia marina in Australian temperate mangroves. Estuar. Coast. 37, 621–635 (2014).
Wee, A. K. S., Low, S. Y. & Webb, E. L. Pollen limitation affects reproductive outcome in the bird-pollinated mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Lam.) in a highly urbanized environment. Aquat. Bot. 120, 240–243 (2015).
Rabinowitz, D. Dispersal properties of mangrove propagules. Biotropica 10, 47–57 (1978).
Drexler, J. Z. Maximum longevities of Rhizophora apiculataand R. mucronatapropagules. Pac. Sci. 55, 17–22 (2001).
Nettel, A. & Dodd, R. S. Drifting propagules and receding swamps: genetic footprints of mangrove recolonization and dispersal along tropical coasts. Evolution 61, 958–971 (2007).
Takayama, K., Tamura, M., Tateshi, Y., Webb, E. L. & Kajita, T. Strong genetic structure over the American continents and transoceanic dispersal in red mangroves Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae), revealed by broad-scale nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Am. J. Bot. 100, 1191–1201 (2013).
Lo, E. Y., Duke, N. C. & Sun, M. Phylogeographic pattern of Rhizophora(Rhizophoraceae) reveals the importance of both vicariance and long-distance oceanic dispersal to modern mangrove distribution. BMC Evol. Biol. 14, 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-83 (2014).
Van der Stocken, T. et al. A general framework for propagule dispersal in mangroves. Biol. Rev. 94, 1547–1575 (2019).
Thomas, L. et al. Isolation by resistance across a complex coral reef seascape. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 282, 20151217. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1217 (2015).
Ngeve, M. N., Van der Stocken, T., Menemenlis, D., Koedam, N. & Triest, L. Contrasting effects of historical sea level rise and contemporary ocean currents on regional gene flow of Rhizophora racemosain eastern Atlantic mangroves. PLoS ONE 11, e0150950. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150950 (2016).
Wee, A. K. S. et al. Oceanic currents, not land masses, maintain the genetic structure of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronataLam. (Rhizophoraceae) in Southeast Asia. J. Biogeogr. 41, 954–964 (2014).
Wee, A. K. S. et al. Genetic structures across a biogeographical barrier reflect dispersal potential of four Southeast Asian mangrove plant species. J. Biogeogr. 47, 1258–1271 (2020).
Lessios, H. A. & Robertson, D. R. Crossing the impassable: genetic connections in 20 reef fishes across the eastern Pacific barrier. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 273, 2201–2208 (2006).
Ng, W. L., Chan, H. T. & Szmidt, A. E. Molecular identification of natural mangrove hybrids of Rhizophora in Peninsular Malaysia. Tree Genet. Genomes 9, 1151–1160 (2013).
Guo, Z. et al. Genetic discontinuities in a dominant mangrove Rhizophora apiculata (Rhizophoraceae) in the Indo-Malaysian region. J. Biogeogr. 43, 1856–1868 (2016).
Yan, Y.-B., Duke, N. & Sun, M. Comparative analysis of the pattern of population genetic diversity in three Indo-West Pacific Rhizophora mangrove species. Front. Plant Sci. 7, 1434. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01434 (2016).
Triest, L., Hasan, S., Motro, P. R. & De Ryck, D. J. R. Geographical distance and large rivers shape genetic structure of Avicennia officinalis in the highly dynamic Sundarbans mangrove forest and Ganges Delta region. Estuar. Coast. 41, 908–920 (2018).
Do, B. T. N., Koedam, N. & Triest, L. Avicennia marina maintains genetic structure whereas Rhizophora stylosa connects mangroves in a flooded, former inner sea (Vietnam). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 222, 195–204 (2019).
He, Z. et al. Speciation with gene flow via cycles of isolation and migration: insights from multiple mangrove taxa. Natl. Sci. Rev. 6, 272–288 (2019).
Pil, M. W. et al. Postglacial north-south expansion of populations of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) along the Brazilian coast revealed by microsatellite analysis. Am. J. Bot. 98, 1031–1039 (2011).
Cerón-Souza, I. et al. Contrasting demographic history and gene flow patterns of two mangrove species on either side of the Central American Isthmus. Ecol. Evol. 5, 3486–3499 (2015).
Sandoval-Castro, E. et al. Post-glacial expansion and population genetic divergence of mangrove species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn and Rhizophora mangle L. along the Mexican coast. PLoS ONE 9, 93358. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093358 (2014).
Kennedy, J. P. et al. Contrasting genetic effects of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangleL.) range expansion along West and East Florida. J. Biogeogr. 44, 335–347 (2017).
Francisco, P. M., Mori, G. M., Alves, F. A., Tambarussi, E. V. & de Souza, A. P. Population genetic structure, introgression, and hybridization in the genus Rhizophora along the Brazilian coast. Ecol. Evol. 8, 3491–3504. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3900 (2018).
Ngeve, M. N., Van der Stocken, T., Menemenlis, D., Koedam, N. & Triest, L. Hidden founders? Strong bottlenecks and fine-scale genetic structure in mangrove populations of the Cameroon Estuary complex. Hydrobiologia 803, 189–207 (2017).
Ngeve, M. N., Van der Stocken, T., Sierens, T., Koedam, N. & Triest, L. Bidirectional gene flow on a mangrove river landscape and between-catchment dispersal of Rhizophora racemosa (Rhizophoraceae). Hydrobiologia 790, 93–108 (2017).
De Ryck, D. J. R. et al. Dispersal limitation of the mangrove Avicennia marina at its South African range limit in strong contrast to connectivity in its core East African region. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 545, 123–134 (2016).
Duke, N. C., Lo, E. Y. Y. & Sun, M. Global distribution and genetic discontinuities of mangroves—emerging patterns in the evolution of Rhizophora. Trees Struct. Funct. 16, 65–79 (2002).
Spalding, M., Kainuma, M. & Collins, L. World Atlas of Mangroves (Earthscan and James & James, 2010).
Osland, M. J. et al. Climatic controls on the global distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests. Ecol. Monogr. 87, 341–359 (2017).
Duke, N. et al. Rhizophora mucronata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T178825A7618520.https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178825A7618520.en (2010). Downloaded on 27 January 2020.
Schouten, M. W., de Ruijter, W. P. M., van Leeuwen, P. J. & Ridderinkhof, H. Eddies and variability in the Mozambique Channel. Deep-Sea Res. II(50), 1987–2003 (2003).
Ternon, J. F., Roberts, M. J., Morris, T., Hancke, L. & Backeberg, B. In situ measured current structures of the eddy field in the Mozambique Channel. Deep-Sea Res. II 100, 10–26 (2014).
Yokoyama, Y., Lambeck, K., De Deckker, P., Johnston, P. & Fifield, K. L. Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea-level minima. Nature 406, 713–716 (2000).
Van der Stocken, T., Carroll, D., Menemenlis, D., Simard, M. & Koedam, N. Global-scale dispersal and connectivity in mangroves. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 915–922 (2019).
Schott, F. A., Shang-Ping, X. & McCreary, J. P. Jr. Indian Ocean circulation and climate variability. Rev. Geophys. 47, RG1002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000245 (2009).
Hume, J. P., Martill, D. & Hing, R. A. Terrestrial vertebrate palaeontological review of Aldabra Atoll, Aldabra Group. Seychelles. PLoS ONE 13, e0192675. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192675 (2018).
Braithwaite, C. J. R., Taylor, J. D. & Kennedy, W. J. The evolution of an atoll: the depositional and erosional history of Aldabra. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 266, 307–340 (1973).
Obura, D. The diversity and biogeography of Western Indian Ocean reef-building corals. PLoS ONE 7, e45013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045013 (2012).
Urashi, C., Teshima, K. M., Minobe, S., Koizumi, O. & Inomata, N. Inferences of evolutionary history of a widely distributed mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, in the Indo-West Pacific region. Ecol. Evol. 3, 2251–2261 (2013).
Tomizawa, Y. et al. Genetic structure and population demographic history of a widespread mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig across the Indo-West Pacific region. Forests 8, 480 (2017).
van der Ven, R. M. et al. Population genetic structure of the stony coral Acropora tenius shows high but variable connectivity in East Africa. J. Biogeogr. 43, 510–519 (2016).
Jahnke, M. et al. Population genetic structure and connectivity of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in the Western Indian Ocean is influenced by predominant ocean currents. Ecol. Evol. 9, 8953–8964 (2019).
Muths, D., Tessier, E. & Bourjea, J. Genetic structure of the reef grouper Epinephelus merra in the West Indian Ocean appears congruent with biogeographic and oceanographic boundaries. Mar. Ecol. 36, 447–461 (2015).
Mori, G. M., Zucchi, M. I. & Souza, A. P. Multiple-geographic-scale genetic structure of two mangrove tree species: the roles of mating system, hybridization, limited dispersal and extrinsic factors. PLoS ONE 10, 0118710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118710 (2015).
Hancke, L., Roberts, M. J. & Ternon, J. F. Surface drifter trajectories highlight flow pathways in the Mozambique Channel. Deep-Sea Res. II(100), 27–37 (2014).
Gamoyo, M., Obura, D. & Reason, C. J. C. Estimating connectivity through larval dispersal in the Western Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeo. 124, 2446–2459. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005128 (2019).
Silva, I., Mesquita, N. & Paula, J. Genetic and morphological differentiation of the mangrove crab Perisesarma guttatum (Brachyura Sesarmidae) along an East African latitudinal gradient. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 99, 28–46 (2010).
Madeira, C., Alves, M. J., Mesquita, N., Silva, I. & Paula, J. Tracing geographical patterns of population differentiation in a widespread mangrove gastropod: genetic and geometric morphometrics surveys along the eastern African coast. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 107, 647–663 (2012).
Fatoyinbo, E. T., Simard, M., Washington-Allen, R. A. & Shugart, H. H. Landscape-scale extent, height, biomass, and carbon estimation of Mozambique’s mangrove forests with Landsat ETM+ and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeo. 113, G02S06. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000551 (2008).
Lutjeharms, J. R. E. & Da Silva, A. J. The Delagoa bight eddy. Deep-Sea Res. 35, 619–634 (1988).
Quartly, G. D. & Srokosz, M. A. Eddies in the southern Mozambique Channel. Dee-Sea Res. II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 51, 69–83 (2004).
Paula, J., Dray, T. & Queiroga, H. Interaction of offshore and inshore processes controlling settlement of brachyuran megalopae in Saco mangrove creek, Inhaca Island (South Mozambique). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 215, 251–260 (2001).
Singh, S. P., Groeneveld, J. C., Hart-Davis, M. G., Backeberg, B. C. & Willows-Munro, S. Seascape genetics of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the Western Indian Ocean: understanding how oceanographic features shape the genetic structure of species with high larval dispersal potential. Ecol. Evol. 8, 12221–12237 (2018).
Ngeve, M., Koedam, N. & Triest, L. Runaway fathers? Limited pollen dispersal and mating system in Rhizophora racemosa populations of a disturbed mangrove estuary. Aquat. Bot. 165, 103241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103241 (2020).
Kondo, K., Nakamura, T., Tsuruda, K., Saito, N. & Yaguchi, Y. Pollination in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) in Ishigaki Island, The Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Biotropica 19, 377–380 (1987).
Islam, M. S., Lian, C., Kameyama, N., Wu, B. & Hogetsu, T. Development of microsatellite markers in Rhizophora stylosa using a dual-suppression-polymerase chain reaction technique. Mol. Ecol. Notes 4, 110–112 (2004).
Takayama, K., Tamura, M., Tateishi, Y. & Kajita, T. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) and its related species. Conserv. Genet. 9, 1323–1325 (2008).
Takayama, K. et al. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in a mangrove species, Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae). Conserv. Genet. Resour. 1, 175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-009-9042-7 (2009).
Shinmura, Y. et al. Isolation and characterization of 14 microsatellite markers for Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) and their potential use in range-wide population studies. Conserv. Genet. Resour. 4, 951–954 (2012).
Wee, A. K. S., Takayama, K., Kajita, T. & Webb, E. L. Microsatellite loci for Avicennia alba (Acanthaceae), Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae) and Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae). J. Trop. For. Sci. 25, 131–136 (2013).
Ribeiro, D. O. et al. Isolation of microsatellite markers for the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae). Appl. Plant Sci. 1, 1300003. https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300003 (2013).
Goudet, J. FSTAT, version 2.9.3, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices. (2001).
van Oosterhout, C., Hutchison, W. F., Wills, D. P. M. & Shipley, P. Micro-checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol. Ecol. Notes 4, 535–538 (2004).
Chybicki, I. J. & Burczyk, J. Simultaneous estimation of null alleles and inbreeding coefficients. J. Hered. 100, 106113 (2009).
Campagne, P., Smouse, P. E., Varouchas, G., Silvain, J.-F. & Leru, B. Comparing the van Oosterhout and Chybicki-Burczyk methods of estimating null allele frequencies for inbred populations. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 12, 975–982 (2012).
Peakall, R. & Smouse, P. E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update. Bioinformatics 28, 2537–2539 (2012).
Hardy, O. & Vekemans, X. spagedi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2, 618–620 (2002).
Loiselle, B., Sork, V. L., Nason, J. & Graham, C. Spatial genetic structure of a tropical understory shrub, Psychotria officinalis (Rubiaceae). Am. J. Bot. 82, 1420–1425 (1995).
Pritchard, J. K., Stephens, M. & Donnelly, P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155, 945–959 (2000).
Evanno, G., Regnaut, S. & Goudet, J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software Structure: a simulation study. Mol. Ecol. 14, 2611–2620 (2005).
Earl, D. M. & von Holdt, B. M. Structure harvester: a website and program for visualizing Structure output and implementing the Evanno method. Conserv. Genet. Resour. 4, 359–361 (2012).
Li, Y. L. & Liu, J. X. Structureselector: a web based software to select and visualize the optimal number of clusters using multiple methods. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 18, 176–177 (2018).
Manni, F., Guerard, E. & Heyer, E. Geographic patterns of (genetic, morphologic, linguistic) variation: how barriers can be detected by using Monmonier’s algorithm. Hum. Biol. 76, 173190 (2004).
Beerli, P. Comparison of Bayesian and maximum-likelihood inference of population genetic parameters. Bioinformatics 22, 341–345 (2006).
Beerli, P. & Palczewski, M. Unified framework to evaluate panmixia and migration direction among multiple sampling locations. Genetics 185, 313–326 (2010).
Cornuet, J. M. et al. DIYABC v2.0: a software to make approximate bayesian computation inferences about population history using single nucleotide polymorphism, DNA sequence and microsatellite data. Bioinformatics 30, 1187–1189 (2014).
Lutjeharms, J. R. E., Biastoch, A., Van der Werf, P. M., Ridderinkhof, H. & De Ruijter, W. P. M. On the discontinuous nature of the Mozambique Current. S. Afr. J. Sci. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.428 (2012).
Source: Ecology - nature.com