Croston, R., Branch, C. L., Kozlovsky, D. Y., Dukas, R. & Pravosudov, V. V. The importance of heritability estimates for understanding the evolution of cognition: A response to comments on Croston et al. Behav. Ecol. 26, 1463–1464 (2015).
Google Scholar
Langley, E. J. G. et al. Heritability and correlations among learning and inhibitory control traits. Behav. Ecol. 1, 1–9 (2020).
Boogert, N. J., Madden, J. R., Morand-Ferron, J. & Thornton, A. Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 373, 2017080 (2018).
Sonnenberg, B. R., Branch, C. L., Pitera, A. M., Bridge, E. & Pravosudov, V. V. Natural selection and spatial cognition in wild food-caching mountain chickadees. Curr. Biol. 29, 1–7 (2019).
Google Scholar
Benedict, L. M. et al. Elevation-related differences in annual survival of adult food-caching mountain chickadees are consistent with natural selection on spatial cognition. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 74, 2817 (2020).
Google Scholar
Shaw, R. C., MacKinlay, R. D., Clayton, N. S. & Burns, K. C. Memory performance influences male reproductive success in a wild bird. Curr. Biol. 29, 1498–1502 (2019).
Google Scholar
Cauchoix, M. & Chaine, A. S. How can we study the evolution of animal minds?. Front. Psychol. 7, 1–18 (2016).
Google Scholar
Janmaat, K. R. L. et al. Spatio-temporal complexity of chimpanzee food: How cognitive adaptations can counteract the ephemeral nature of ripe fruit. Am. J. Primatol. 78, 626–645 (2016).
Google Scholar
Collett, M., Chittka, L. & Collett, T. S. Spatial memory in insect navigation. Curr. Biol. 23, R789–R800 (2013).
Google Scholar
Hampton, R. R. & Shettleworth, S. J. Hippocampus and memory in a food-storing and in a nonstoring bird species. Behav. Neurosci. 110, 946–964 (1996).
Google Scholar
LaDage, L. D., Roth, T. C., Cerjanic, A. M., Sinervo, B. & Pravosudov, V. V. Spatial memory: Are lizards really deficient?. Biol. Lett. 8, 939–941 (2012).
Google Scholar
Milton, K. Distribution patterns of tropical plant foods as an evolutionary stimulus to primate mental development. Am. Anthropol. 83, 534–548 (1981).
Google Scholar
Thornton, A. & Boogert, N. J. Animal cognition: The benefits of remembering. Curr. Biol. 29, R324–R327 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pravosudov, V. V. & Clayton, N. S. A test of the adaptive specialization hypothesis: Population differences in caching, memory, and the hippocampus in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla). Behav. Neurosci. 116, 515–522 (2002).
Google Scholar
Morand-Ferron, J., Hermer, E., Jones, T. B. & Thompson, M. J. Environmental variability, the value of information, and learning in winter residents. Anim. Behav. 147, 137–145 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hermer, E., Cauchoix, M., Chaine, A. S. & Morand-Ferron, J. Elevation-related difference in serial reversal learning ability in a nonscatter hoarding passerine. Behav. Ecol. 29, 840–847 (2018).
Google Scholar
Boyle, A. W., Sandercock, B. K. & Martin, K. Patterns and drivers of intraspecific variation in avian life history along elevational gradients: A meta-analysis. Biol. Rev. 91, 469–482 (2016).
Google Scholar
Roth, T. C. II. & Pravosudov, V. V. Hippocampal volumes and neuron numbers increase along a gradient of environmental harshness: A large-scale comparison. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 401–405 (2009).
Google Scholar
Körner, C. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 569–574 (2007).
Google Scholar
Roth, T. C. II., LaDage, L. D. & Pravosudov, V. V. Learning capabilities enhanced in harsh environments: A common garden approach. Proc. R. Soc. B 277, 3187–3193 (2010).
Google Scholar
Tello-Ramos, M. C., Branch, C. L., Kozlovsky, D. Y., Pitera, A. M. & Pravosudov, V. V. Spatial memory and cognitive flexibility trade-offs: to be or not to be flexible, that is the question. Anim. Behav. 1, 1–8 (2018).
Gonzalez, R. C., Behrend, E. R. & Bitterman, M. E. Reversal learning and forgetting in bird and fish. Science 158, 519–521 (1967).
Google Scholar
Strang, C. G. & Sherry, D. F. Serial reversal learning in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens). Anim. Cogn. 17, 723–734 (2014).
Google Scholar
Herszage, J. & Censor, N. Modulation of learning and memory: A shared framework for interference and generalization. Neuroscience 392, 270–280 (2018).
Google Scholar
Squier, L. H. Reversal learning improvement in the fish Astronotus ocellatus (Oscar). Psychon. Sci. 14, 143–144 (1969).
Google Scholar
Miyashita, Y., Nakajima, S. & Imada, H. Differential outcome effect in the horse. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 74, 245–253 (2000).
Google Scholar
Missaire, M. et al. Long-term effects of interference on short-term memory performance in the rat. PLoS ONE 12, 1–18 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bublitz, A., Weinhold, S. R., Strobel, S., Dehnhardt, G. & Hanke, F. D. Reconsideration of serial visual reversal learning in octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from a methodological perspective. Front. Physiol. 8, 1–11 (2017).
Google Scholar
Chittka, L. Sensorimotor learning in bumblebees: Long-term retention and reversal training. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 515–524 (1998).
Google Scholar
Chrobak, J. J., Hinman, J. R. & Sabolek, H. R. Revealing past memories: Proactive interference and ketamine-induced memory deficits. J. Neurosci. 28, 4512–4520 (2008).
Google Scholar
Malleret, G. et al. Bidirectional regulation of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity and its influence on opposing forms of memory. J. Neurosci. 30, 3813–3825 (2010).
Google Scholar
Joseph, M. A. et al. Differential involvement of the dentate gyrus in adaptive forgetting in the rat. PLoS ONE 10, 1–17 (2015).
Shiflett, M. W., Rankin, A. Z., Tomaszycki, M. L. & DeVoogd, T. J. Cannabinoid inhibition improves memory in food-storing birds, but with a cost. Proc. R. Soc. B. 271, 2043–2048 (2004).
Google Scholar
Meck, W. H. & Williams, C. L. Choline supplementation during prenatal development reduces proactive interference in spatial memory. Dev. Brain Res. 118, 51–59 (1999).
Google Scholar
Clayton, N. S. & Krebs, J. R. One-trial associative memory: Comparison of food-storing and nonstoring species of birds. Anim. Learn. Behav. 22, 366–372 (1994).
Google Scholar
McGregor, A. & Healy, S. D. Spatial accuracy in food-storing and nonstoring birds. Anim. Behav. 58, 727–734 (1999).
Google Scholar
Healy, S. D. Memory for objects and positions: Delayed non-matching-to-sample in storing and non-storing tits. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. Sect. B 48, 179–191 (1995).
Healy, S. D. & Krebs, J. R. Delayed-matching-to-sample by marsh tits and great tits. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B 45, 33–47 (1992).
Google Scholar
Hampton, R. R., Shettleworth, S. J. & Westwood, R. P. Proactive interference, recency, and associative strength: Comparisons of black-capped chickadees and dark-eyed juncos. Anim. Learn. Behav. 26, 475–485 (1998).
Google Scholar
Tello-Ramos, M. C. et al. Memory in wild mountain chickadees from different elevations: Comparing first-year birds with older survivors. Anim. Behav. 137, 149–160 (2018).
Google Scholar
Croston, R. et al. Predictably harsh environment is associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in wild food-caching mountain chickadees. Anim. Behav. 123, 139–149 (2017).
Google Scholar
Careau, V. & Wilson, R. S. Of uberfleas and krakens: Detecting trade-offs using mixed models. Integr. Comp. Biol. 57, 362–371 (2017).
Google Scholar
Niemelä, P. T. & Dingemanse, N. J. On the usage of single measurements in behavioural ecology research on individual differences. Anim. Behav. 145, 99–105 (2018).
Google Scholar
Gosler, A. G. The Great Tit (Hamlyn, 1993).
Lejeune, L. et al. Environmental effects on parental care visitation patterns in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Front. Ecol. Evol. 7, 1–15 (2019).
Google Scholar
Bründl, A. C. et al. Experimentally induced increases in fecundity lead to greater nestling care in blue tits. Proc. R. Soc. B. 286, 20191013 (2019).
Google Scholar
Thompson, M. J. & Morand-Ferron, J. Food caching in city birds: Urbanization and exploration do not predict spatial memory in scatter hoarders. Anim. Cogn. 22, 743–756 (2019).
Google Scholar
Roth, T. C. II., LaDage, L. D., Freas, C. A. & Pravosudov, V. V. Variation in memory and the hippocampus across populations from different climates: A common garden approach. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 402–410 (2012).
Google Scholar
Griffin, A. S., Guillette, L. M. & Healy, S. D. Cognition and personality: An analysis of an emerging field. Trends Ecol. Evol. 30, 207–214 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ashton, B. J., Thornton, A. & Ridley, A. R. An intraspecific appraisal of the social intelligence hypothesis. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 373, 20170288 (2018).
Google Scholar
Croston, R., Branch, C. L., Kozlovsky, D. Y., Dukas, R. & Pravosudov, V. V. Heritability and the evolution of cognitive traits. Behav. Ecol. 26, 1447–1459 (2015).
Google Scholar
Bründl, A. C. et al. Elevational gradients as a model for understanding associations among temperature, breeding phenology and success. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8, 56377 (2020).
Google Scholar
Freas, C. A., LaDage, L. D., Roth, T. C. II. & Pravosudov, V. V. Elevation-related differences in memory and the hippocampus in mountain chickadees, Poecile gambeli. Anim. Behav. 84, 121–127 (2012).
Google Scholar
Pravosudov, V. V. & Roth, T. C. II. Cognitive ecology of food hoarding: The evolution of spatial memory and the hippocampus. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 44, 173–193 (2013).
Google Scholar
Croston, R. et al. Potential mechanisms driving population variation in spatial memory and the hippocampus in food-caching chickadees. Integr. Comp. Biol. 55, 354–371 (2015).
Google Scholar
Kozlovsky, D. Y., Weissgerber, E. A. & Pravosudov, V. V. What makes specialized food-caching mountain chickadees successful city slickers?. Proc. R. Soc. B 284, 20162613 (2017).
Google Scholar
Izquierdo, A., Brigman, J. L., Radke, A. K., Rudebeck, P. H. & Holmes, A. The neural basis of reversal learning: An updated perspective. Neuroscience 345, 12–26 (2017).
Google Scholar
Cauchoix, M. et al. The repeatability of cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience 373, 20170281 (2018).
Croston, R. et al. Individual variation in spatial memory performance in wild mountain chickadees from different elevations. Anim. Behav. 111, 225–234 (2016).
Google Scholar
Svensson, L. Identification Guide to European Passerines (British Trust for Ornithology, 1992).
Friard, O. & Gamba, M. BORIS: A free, versatile open-source event-logging software for video/audio coding and live observations. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 1325–1330 (2016).
Google Scholar
Tillé, Y., Newman, J. A. & Healy, S. D. New tests for departures from random behavior in spatial memory experiments. Anim. Learn. Behav. 24, 327–340 (1996).
Google Scholar
Bates, D. et al. Linear Mixed-Effects using ‘Eigen’ and S4 1–113 (Springer, 2016).
Kuznetsova, A. & Christensen, R. H. B. lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. J. Stat. Softw. 82, 1–26 (2017).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2020).
Warton, D. I., Lyons, M., Stoklosa, J. & Ives, A. R. Three points to consider when choosing a LM or GLM test for count data. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 882–890 (2016).
Google Scholar
Wilson, A. J. How should we interpret estimates of individual repeatability?. Evol. Lett. 2, 4–8 (2018).
Google Scholar
Stoffel, M. A., Nakagawa, S. & Schielzeth, H. rptR: repeatability estimation and variance decomposition by generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol. Evol. 8, 1639–1644 (2017).
Google Scholar
Hadfield, J. D. MCMC methods for multi-response generalized linear mixed models: The MCMCglmm R package. J. Stat. Softw. 33, 1–22 (2010).
Google Scholar
Houslay, T. M. & Wilson, A. J. Avoiding the misuse of BLUP in behavioural ecology. Behav. Ecol. 28, 948–952 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kilkenny, C., Browne, W. J., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M. & Altman, D. G. Improving bioscience research reporting: The arrive guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 8, 6–10 (2010).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com