Dell, J. et al. Interaction diversity maintains resiliency in a frequently disturbed ecosystem. Front. Ecol. Evol. 7, 145 (2019).
Google Scholar
White, P. S. & Pickett, S. T. A. In The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics (eds S. T. A. Pickett & P. S. White) 3–13 (Academic Press, 1985).
Newman, E. A. Disturbance ecology in the anthropocene. Front. Ecol. Evolut. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00147 (2019).
Google Scholar
Barnosky, A. D. et al. Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere. Nature 486, 52–58 (2012).
Google Scholar
Yuan, Z., Jiao, F., Li, Y. & Kallenbach, R. L. Anthropogenic disturbances are key to maintaining the biodiversity of grasslands. Sci. Rep. 6, 22132 (2016).
Google Scholar
Hughes, A. R., Byrnes, J. E., Kimbro, D. L. & Stachowicz, J. J. Reciprocal relationships and potential feedbacks between biodiversity and disturbance. Ecol. Lett. 10, 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01075.x (2007).
Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. & Slatyer, R. O. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. Am. Nat. 111, 1119–1144 (1977).
Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199, 1302–1310 (1978).
Google Scholar
Fox, J. W. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis should be abandoned. Trends Ecol. Evol. 28, 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.08.014 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sheil, D. & Burslem, D. F. Disturbing hypotheses in tropical forests. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 18–26 (2003).
Google Scholar
Teixidó, N., Garrabou, J., Gutt, J. & Arntz, W. E. Recovery in Antarctic benthos after iceberg disturbance: Trends in benthic composition, abundance and growth forms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 278, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps278001 (2004).
Google Scholar
Teixidó, N., Garrabou, J., Gutt, J. & Arntz, W. Iceberg disturbance and successional spatial patterns: the case of the shelf Antarctic benthic communities. Ecosystems 10, 143–158 (2007).
Google Scholar
Johst, K., Gutt, J., Wissel, C. & Grimm, V. Diversity and disturbances in the Antarctic megabenthos: Feasible versus theoretical disturbance ranges. Ecosystems 9, 1145–1155 (2006).
Google Scholar
Mackey, R. L. & Currie, D. J. The diversity-disturbance relationship: Is it generally strong and peaked?. Ecology 82, 3479–3492. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001) (2001).
Google Scholar
Huston, M. A. Disturbance, productivity, and species diversity: Empiricism vs. logic in ecological theory. Ecology 95, 2382–2396. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1397.1 (2014).
Google Scholar
Smale, D. A., Brown, K. M., Barnes, D. K., Fraser, K. P. & Clarke, A. Ice scour disturbance in Antarctic waters. Science 321, 371. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158647 (2008).
Google Scholar
Griffiths, H. J., Danis, B. & Clarke, A. Quantifying Antarctic marine biodiversity: The SCAR-MarBIN data portal. Deep Sea Res. Part II 58, 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.008 (2011).
Google Scholar
Grange, L. J. & Smith, C. R. Megafaunal communities in rapidly warming fjords along the West Antarctic Peninsula: Hotspots of abundance and beta diversity. PLoS ONE 8, e77917 (2013).
Google Scholar
Gutt, J., Griffiths, H. J. & Jones, C. D. Circumpolar overview and spatial heterogeneity of Antarctic macrobenthic communities. Mar. Biodivers. 43, 481–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-013-0152-9 (2013).
Google Scholar
Potthoff, M., Johst, K. & Gutt, J. How to survive as a pioneer species in the Antarctic benthos: Minimum dispersal distance as a function of lifetime and disturbance. Polar Biol. 29, 543–551 (2006).
Google Scholar
Convey, P. et al. The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity. Ecol. Monogr. 84, 203–244 (2014).
Google Scholar
Peck, L. S., Brockington, S., Vanhove, S. & Beghyn, M. Community recovery following catastrophic iceberg impacts in a soft-sediment shallow-water site at Signy Island, Antarctica. Mar. Ecol Progr. Ser. 186, 1–8 (1999).
Google Scholar
Lee, H., Vanhove, S., Peck, L. & Vincx, M. Recolonisation of meiofauna after catastrophic iceberg scouring in shallow Antarctic sediments. Polar Biol. 24, 918–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000100300 (2001).
Google Scholar
Armstrong, T. World Meteorological Organization. WMO sea-ice nomenclature. Terminology, codes and illustrated glossary. Edition 1970. Geneva, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1970. [ix], 147 p. [including 175 photos]+ corrigenda slip. (WMO/OMM/BMO, No. 259, TP. 145.). J. Glaciol. 11, 148–149 (1972).
Robinson, B. J., Barnes, D. K. & Morley, S. A. Disturbance, dispersal and marine assemblage structure: A case study from the nearshore Southern Ocean. Mar. Environ. Res. 160, 105025 (2020).
Google Scholar
Gutt, J., Starmans, A. & Dieckmann, G. Impact of iceberg scouring on polar benthic habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 137, 311–316 (1996).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A. & Conlan, K. E. Disturbance, colonization and development of Antarctic benthic communities. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 362, 11–38. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1951 (2007).
Google Scholar
Smale, D. A. Ecological traits of benthic assemblages in shallow Antarctic waters: Does ice scour disturbance select for small, mobile, secondary consumers with high dispersal potential?. Polar Biol. 31, 1225–1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0461-9 (2008).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A. The influence of ice on polar nearshore benthos. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 79, 401–407 (1999).
Google Scholar
Gutt, J. On the direct impact of ice on marine benthic communities, a review. Polar Biol. 24, 553–564 (2001).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A. & Tarling, G. A. Polar oceans in a changing climate. Curr. Biol. 27, R454–R460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.045 (2017).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A., Fleming, A., Sands, C. J., Quartino, M. L. & Deregibus, D. Icebergs, sea ice, blue carbon and Antarctic climate feedbacks. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 376, 20170176. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0176 (2018).
Google Scholar
Cook, A. J., Fox, A. J., Vaughan, D. G. & Ferrigno, J. G. Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century. Science 308, 541–544. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104235 (2015).
Google Scholar
Cook, A. et al. Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula. Science 353, 283–286 (2016).
Google Scholar
Clarke, A. et al. Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 362, 149–166. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1958 (2007).
Google Scholar
Turner, J. & Comiso, J. Solve Antarctica’s sea-ice puzzle. Nat. News 547, 275 (2017).
Google Scholar
Meredith, M. P. & King, J. C. Rapid climate change in the ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the second half of the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024042 (2005).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A. & Souster, T. Reduced survival of Antarctic benthos linked to climate-induced iceberg scouring. Nat. Clim. Chang. 1, 365–368. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1232 (2011).
Google Scholar
Parkinson, C. L. Global sea ice coverage from satellite data: Annual cycle and 35-yr trends. J. Clim. 27, 9377–9382. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00605.1 (2014).
Google Scholar
Rogers, A. et al. Antarctic futures: An assessment of climate-driven changes in ecosystem structure, function, and service provisioning in the Southern Ocean. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 12, 87–120 (2020).
Google Scholar
Morley, S. A. et al. Global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: Changing physical environments and anthropogenic pressures in an Earth system. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 1097 (2020).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. et al. Blue carbon gains from glacial retreat along Antarctic fjords: What should we expect?. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 2750–2755 (2020).
Google Scholar
Barnes D. K. A. Blue carbon on polar and subpolar seabeds. In Carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (InTech, 2018). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78237.
Bowler, D. et al. The geography of the Anthropocene differs between the land and the sea. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/432880 (2019).
Google Scholar
Arntz, W., Brey, T. & Gallardo, V. Antarctic zoobenthos. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 32, 241–304 (1994).
Clarke, A. Marine benthic populations in Antarctica: Patterns and processes. Antarct. Res. Ser. 70, 373–388 (1996).
Google Scholar
Fillinger, L., Janussen, D., Lundälv, T. & Richter, C. Rapid glass sponge expansion after climate-induced Antarctic ice shelf collapse. Curr. Biol. 23, 1330–1334 (2013).
Google Scholar
Clarke, A., Meredith, M. P., Wallace, M. I., Brandon, M. A. & Thomas, D. N. Seasonal and interannual variability in temperature, chlorophyll and macronutrients in northern Marguerite Bay, Antarctica. Deep Sea Res. Part II 55, 1988–2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.035 (2008).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A. Iceberg killing fields limit huge potential for benthic blue carbon in Antarctic shallows. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23, 2649–2659. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13523 (2017).
Google Scholar
Pinkerton, M., Bradford-Grieve, J., Bowden, D. & Cummings, V. Benthos: Trophic modelling of the Ross Sea. Support. Docum. CCAMLR Sci. 17, 1–31 (2010).
Pielou, E. Shannon’s formula as a measurement of species diversity: It’s use and disuse. Am. Nat. 100, 463–465 (1966).
Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A., Corbet, A. S. & Williams, C. B. The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population. J. Anim. Ecol. 1, 42–58 (1943).
Google Scholar
Everitt, B. & Skrondal, A. The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics Vol. 106 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002).
Google Scholar
Smale, D. A., Barnes, D. K. A. & Fraser, K. P. P. The influence of ice scour on benthic communities at three contrasting sites at Adelaide Island, Antarctica. Aust. Ecol. 32, 878–888. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01776.x (2007).
Google Scholar
Peck, L. S., Convey, P. & Barnes, D. K. A. Environmental constraints on life histories in Antarctic ecosystems: Tempos, timings and predictability. Biol. Rev. 81, 75–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793105006871 (2006).
Google Scholar
Waller, C., Worland, M., Convey, P. & Barnes, D. Ecophysiological strategies of Antarctic intertidal invertebrates faced with freezing stress. Polar Biol. 29, 1077–1083 (2006).
Google Scholar
Barnes, D. K. A. Polar zoobenthos blue carbon storage increases with sea ice losses, because across-shelf growth gains from longer algal blooms outweigh ice scour mortality in the shallows. Glob. Chang Biol. 23, 5083–5091. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13772 (2017).
Google Scholar
Smith, C. R., Mincks, S. & DeMaster, D. J. A synthesis of bentho-pelagic coupling on the Antarctic shelf: Food banks, ecosystem inertia and global climate change. Deep Sea Res. Part II 53, 875–894 (2006).
Google Scholar
Jansen, J. et al. Abundance and richness of key Antarctic seafloor fauna correlates with modelled food availability. Nat. Ecol. Evolut. 2, 71–80 (2018).
Google Scholar
Henley, S. F. et al. Changing biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystem implications. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 581 (2020).
Google Scholar
Marshall, G. J. et al. Causes of exceptional atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, 14 (2004).
Google Scholar
Ashton, G. V., Morley, S. A., Barnes, D. K., Clark, M. S. & Peck, L. S. Warming by 1 C drives species and assemblage level responses in Antarctica’s marine shallows. Curr. Biol. 27, 2698-2705e2693 (2017).
Google Scholar
Riesgo, A. et al. Some like it fat: Comparative ultrastructure of the embryo in two demosponges of the genus Mycale (order poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean. PLoS ONE 10, e0118805 (2015).
Google Scholar
Toszogyova, A. & Storch, D. Global diversity patterns are modulated by temporal fluctuations in primary productivity. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 28, 1827–1838 (2019).
Google Scholar
Clark, G. F. et al. Light-driven tipping points in polar ecosystems. Glob. Change Biol. 19, 3749–3761 (2013).
Google Scholar
Brockington, S., Clarke, A. & Chapman, A. Seasonality of feeding and nutritional status during the austral winter in the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. Mar. Biol. 139, 127–138 (2001).
Google Scholar
Fratt, D. B. & Dearborn, J. Feeding biology of the Antarctic brittle star Ophionotus victoriae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Polar Biol. 3, 127–139 (1984).
Google Scholar
Sahade, R., Tatián, M. & Esnal, G. B. Reproductive ecology of the ascidian Cnemidocarpa verrucosa at Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 272, 131–140 (2004).
Google Scholar
Dayton, P. K. et al. Recruitment, growth and mortality of an Antarctic hexactinellid sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8, e56939 (2013).
Google Scholar
Vacchi, M., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Chiantore, M. & Dalù, M. Predator-prey relationship between the nototheniid fish Trematomus bernacchii and the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). Antarct. Sci. 12, 64–68 (2000).
Google Scholar
Sheil, D. & Burslem, D. F. Defining and defending Connell’s intermediate disturbance hypothesis: a response to Fox. Trends Ecol. Evol. 28, 571–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.07.006 (2013).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com